利用Session实现一次验证码

时间:2022-06-01 17:16:26

Session可避免表单的重复提交:实现一次表单提交,可避免恶意提交;

1.首先建立一个Servlet类:ValidateColorServlet,里边有获取验证码的方法,并且验证码是大小写区分:

public class ValidateColorServlet extends HttpServlet {

    public static final String CHECK_CODE_KEY = "CHECK_CODE_KEY";

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    //设置验证图片的宽度, 高度, 验证码的个数
private int width = 152;
private int height = 40;
private int codeCount = 6; //验证码字体的高度
private int fontHeight = 4; //验证码中的单个字符基线. 即:验证码中的单个字符位于验证码图形左上角的 (codeX, codeY) 位置处
private int codeX = 0;
private int codeY = 0; //验证码由哪些字符组成
char [] codeSequence = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz23456789".toCharArray(); //初始化验证码图形属性
public void init(){
fontHeight = height - 2;
codeX = width / (codeCount + 2);
codeY = height - 4;
} public void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//定义一个类型为 BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR 类型的图像缓存
BufferedImage buffImg = null;
buffImg = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR); //在 buffImg 中创建一个 Graphics2D 图像
Graphics2D graphics = null;
graphics = buffImg.createGraphics(); //设置一个颜色, 使 Graphics2D 对象的后续图形使用这个颜色
graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE); //填充一个指定的矩形: x - 要填充矩形的 x 坐标; y - 要填充矩形的 y 坐标; width - 要填充矩形的宽度; height - 要填充矩形的高度
graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height); //创建一个 Font 对象: name - 字体名称; style - Font 的样式常量; size - Font 的点大小
Font font = null;
font = new Font("", Font.BOLD, fontHeight);
//使 Graphics2D 对象的后续图形使用此字体
graphics.setFont(font); graphics.setColor(Color.BLACK); //绘制指定矩形的边框, 绘制出的矩形将比构件宽一个也高一个像素
graphics.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1); //随机产生 15 条干扰线, 使图像中的认证码不易被其它程序探测到
Random random = null;
random = new Random();
graphics.setColor(Color.GREEN);
for(int i = 0; i < 55; i++){
int x = random.nextInt(width);
int y = random.nextInt(height);
int x1 = random.nextInt(20);
int y1 = random.nextInt(20);
graphics.drawLine(x, y, x + x1, y + y1);
} //创建 randomCode 对象, 用于保存随机产生的验证码, 以便用户登录后进行验证
StringBuffer randomCode;
randomCode = new StringBuffer(); for(int i = 0; i < codeCount; i++){
//得到随机产生的验证码数字
String strRand = null;
strRand = String.valueOf(codeSequence[random.nextInt(36)]); //把正在产生的随机字符放入到 StringBuffer 中
randomCode.append(strRand); //用随机产生的颜色将验证码绘制到图像中
graphics.setColor(Color.BLUE);
graphics.drawString(strRand, (i + 1)* codeX, codeY);
} //再把存放有所有随机字符的 StringBuffer 对应的字符串放入到 HttpSession 中
request.getSession().setAttribute(CHECK_CODE_KEY, randomCode.toString()); //禁止图像缓存
response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0); //将图像输出到输出流中
ServletOutputStream sos = null;
sos = response.getOutputStream();
ImageIO.write(buffImg, "jpeg", sos);
sos.close();
}
}

2.index.jsp页面,输入用户名字,输入验证码:checkCode:<input type="text" name="CHECK_CODE_PARAM_NAME"/>;获取验证码:是以插入图片的形式获取的<img alt="" src="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/validateColorServlet">,然后form表单提交到Servlet类:CheckCodeServlet

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<font color="red">
<%=session.getAttribute("message")==null ? "" : session.getAttribute("message") %>
</font> <form action="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/checkCodeServlet" method="post"> name:<input type="text" name="name"/>
<br><br>
checkCode:<input type="text" name="CHECK_CODE_PARAM_NAME"/> <img alt="" src="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/validateColorServlet">
<br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>

3.建立一个Servlet类:CheckCodeServlet,获取表单输入的验证码和通过session的getsession()方法获取系统给予的验证码,并进行判断,看是否相等,然后重定向到index.jsp页面,输出结果;

public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //1. 获取请求参数: CHECK_CODE_PARAM_NAME
String paramCode = request.getParameter("CHECK_CODE_PARAM_NAME"); //2. 获取 session 中的 CHECK_CODE_KEY 属性值
String sessionCode = (String)request.getSession().getAttribute("CHECK_CODE_KEY"); System.out.println(paramCode);
System.out.println(sessionCode); //3. 比对. 看是否一致, 若一致说明验证码正确, 若不一致, 说明验证码错误
if(!(paramCode == null && !paramCode.equals(sessionCode))){
request.getSession().setAttribute("message", "验证码不一致!");
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/check/index.jsp");
return;
} System.out.println("受理请求!"); } }

4.lib下的web.xml文件为:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <servlet>
<description></description>
<display-name>ValidateColorServlet</display-name>
<servlet-name>ValidateColorServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.lanqiao.javatest.ValidateColorServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ValidateColorServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/validateColorServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping> <servlet>
<description></description>
<display-name>CheckCodeServlet</display-name>
<servlet-name>CheckCodeServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.lanqiao.javatest.CheckCodeServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>CheckCodeServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/checkCodeServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>