1、由一个小案例引出本博文的讨论
public class Demo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Student s1 = new Student();
s1.setAge(10); int capacity = 2; // HashMap集合的容量
HashMap<Student, String> stus = new HashMap<>(capacity, 1.0f);
stus.put(s1, "s1"); // 遍历HashMap
Set<Entry<Student, String>> entrySet = stus.entrySet();
for (Entry<Student, String> entry : entrySet) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey().getAge() + "-" + entry.getValue());
}
System.out.println("== 分割线 =="); System.out.println("通过key获取value: " + stus.get(s1)); //s1
s1.setAge(20);
System.out.println("修改对象s1的age属性值后,通过key获取value: " + stus.get(s1)); // null
} /**
* HashMap类(jdk1.7.0_60)中的方法:计算Object的hash值
*/
final static int hash(Object k) {
int h = 0;
if (0 != h && k instanceof String) {
return sun.misc.Hashing.stringHash32((String) k);
}
h ^= k.hashCode();
h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);
return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);
}
}
public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
// getter和setter方法省略 @Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + age;
result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
return result;
} @Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
Student other = (Student) obj;
if (age != other.age)
return false;
if (name == null) {
if (other.name != null)
return false;
} else if (!name.equals(other.name))
return false;
return true;
}
}
控制台打印结果:
10-s1
== 分割线 ==
通过key获取value: s1
修改对象s1的age属性值后,通过key获取value: null
分析:
1)自定义了一个Student类,重写写hashCode()和equals()方法;然后创建了一个HashMap集合,往集合中添加一个元素stus.put(s1, "s1"),其中key为Student类型的对象s1;
2)然后,查找集合中指定key的value值,即执行代码stus.get(s1),可以获取到value值;
3)此时,修改对象s1的age属性值,再次执行代码stus.get(s1),就不能获取到value值,这是为什么呢?
2、查看HashMap类(jdk1.7.0_60)源码
/**
* 根据key获取value值
*/
public V get(Object key) {
if (key == null)
return getForNullKey();
Entry<K,V> entry = getEntry(key); return null == entry ? null : entry.getValue();
}
/**
* 根据key获取Entry
*/
final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {
if (size == 0) {
return null;
} int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key);
// indexFor(hash, table.length):根据key的hash值定位数组索引
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];
e != null;
e = e.next) {
Object k; // 只有当e.hash == hash 并且 key相同时才能查找成功
// 那么e.hash == hash?
// 现在需要回答一个问题:修改Entry<key,value>的key的属性后,Entry的hash属性的值变吗?
if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return e;
}
return null;
}
3、修改Entry<key,value>的key的属性后,Entry的hash属性的值变吗?
public class Demo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Student s1 = new Student();
s1.setAge(10);
System.out.println("hash(s1) = " + hash(s1)); int capacity = 2; // HashMap集合的容量
HashMap<Student, String> stus = new HashMap<>(capacity, 1.0f);
stus.put(s1, "s1"); // 遍历HashMap
Set<Entry<Student, String>> entrySet = stus.entrySet();
for (Entry<Student, String> entry : entrySet) {
System.out
.println(entry.getKey().getAge() + "-" + entry.getValue() + " entry对象的hash属性的值:" + getHash(entry));
}
System.out.println("== 分割线 =="); System.out.println("通过key获取value: " + stus.get(s1)); // s1
s1.setAge(20);
System.out.println("修改对象s1的age属性值后,hash(s1) = " + hash(s1));
System.out.println("修改对象s1的age属性值后,通过key获取value: " + stus.get(s1)); // null
for (Entry<Student, String> entry : entrySet) {
System.out
.println(entry.getKey().getAge() + "-" + entry.getValue() + " entry对象的hash属性的值:" + getHash(entry));
}
} /**
* HashMap类(jdk1.7.0_60)中的方法:计算Object的hash值
*/
final static int hash(Object k) {
int h = 0;
if (0 != h && k instanceof String) {
return sun.misc.Hashing.stringHash32((String) k);
}
h ^= k.hashCode();
h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);
return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);
} /**
* 自定义方法:通过反射获取Entry<?, ?>类型的对象的hash属性值
*/
public static int getHash(Entry<?, ?> entry) throws Exception {
Field field;
field = entry.getClass().getDeclaredField("hash");
field.setAccessible(true);
int hash = (int) field.get(entry);
return hash;
}
}
控制台打印结果:
hash(s1) = 1201
10-s1 entry对象的hash属性的值:1201
== 分割线 ==
通过key获取value: s1
修改对象s1的age属性值后,hash(s1) = 1603
修改对象s1的age属性值后,通过key获取value: null
20-s1 entry对象的hash属性的值:1201
分析:
根据控制台打印结果可知:修改Entry<key,value>中key的属性后,Entry的hash属性的值不变。
4、上面遇到的问题在put(key, value)也是一样的
public class Demo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Student s1 = new Student();
s1.setAge(10); int capacity = 2; // HashMap集合的容量
HashMap<Student, String> stus = new HashMap<>(capacity, 1.0f);
stus.put(s1, "s1");
System.out.println("hash(s1)=" + hash(s1) + ", s1在哈希桶中存储的index:" + (hash(s1) % capacity)); Set<Entry<Student, String>> entrySet = stus.entrySet();
for (Entry<Student, String> entry : entrySet) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey().getAge() + "-" + entry.getValue() + " entry对象的hash属性的值:" + getHash(entry));
}
System.out.println("== 分割线 =="); s1.setAge(20);
stus.put(s1, "s1");
System.out.println("hash(s1)=" + hash(s1) + ", 第二次添加s1在哈希桶中存储的index:" + (hash(s1) % capacity));
for (Entry<Student, String> entry : entrySet) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey().getAge() + "-" + entry.getValue() + " entry对象的hash属性的值:" + getHash(entry));
}
} /**
* HashMap类中的方法:计算Object的hash值
*/
final static int hash(Object k) {
int h = 0;
if (0 != h && k instanceof String) {
return sun.misc.Hashing.stringHash32((String) k);
}
h ^= k.hashCode();
h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);
return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);
} /**
* 自定义方法:通过反射获取Entry<?, ?>类型的对象的hash属性值
*/
public static int getHash(Entry<?, ?> entry) throws Exception {
Field field;
field = entry.getClass().getDeclaredField("hash");
field.setAccessible(true);
int hash = (int) field.get(entry);
return hash;
}
}
控制台打印结果:
hash(s1)=1201, s1在哈希桶中存储的index:1
10-s1 entry对象的hash属性的值:1201
== 分割线 ==
hash(s1)=1603, 第二次添加s1在哈希桶中存储的index:1
20-s1 entry对象的hash属性的值:1603
20-s1 entry对象的hash属性的值:1201
查看HashMap类(jdk1.7.0_60) put(key,value) 方法的源码
public V put(K key, V value) {
if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) {
inflateTable(threshold);
}
if (key == null)
return putForNullKey(value);
int hash = hash(key);
int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
Object k;
if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
V oldValue = e.value;
e.value = value;
e.recordAccess(this);
return oldValue;
}
} modCount++;
addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
return null;
}
============================================================================
需要修改 s1 对象的属性,先从 HashMap 中删除,在重写放入
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Student s1 = new Student();
s1.setAge(10); int capacity = 2; // HashMap集合的容量
HashMap<Student, String> stus = new HashMap<>(capacity, 1.0f);
stus.put(s1, "s1"); // 遍历HashMap
Set<Map.Entry<Student, String>> entrySet = stus.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<Student, String> entry : entrySet) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey().getAge() + "-" + entry.getValue());
}
System.out.println("== 分割线 =="); System.out.println("通过key获取value: " + stus.get(s1)); //s1 // 需要修改 s1 对象的属性,先从 HashMap 中删除,在重写放入
stus.remove(s1);
s1.setAge(20);
stus.put(s1, "s1"); System.out.println("修改对象s1的age属性值后,通过key获取value: " + stus.get(s1)); // s1 // 遍历HashMap
entrySet = stus.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<Student, String> entry : entrySet) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey().getAge() + "-" + entry.getValue());
} }
---