MySQL数据库中删除重复记录的方法总结[推荐]

时间:2022-09-14 15:25:01

表结构:
mysql> desc demo;
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| site | varchar(100) | NO | MUL | | |
+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

数据:
mysql> select * from demo order by id;
+----+------------------------+
| id | site |
+----+------------------------+
| 1 | http://www.CodeBit.cn |
| 2 | http://YITU.org |
| 3 | http://www.ShuoWen.org |
| 4 | http://www.CodeBit.cn |
| 5 | http://www.ShuoWen.org |
+----+------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

当没有创建表或创建索引权限的时候,可以用下面的方法:

如果你要删除较旧的重复记录,可以使用下面的语句:
mysql> delete from a
-> using demo as a, demo as b
-> where (a.id > b.id)
-> and (a.site = b.site);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.12 sec)

mysql> select * from demo order by id;
+----+------------------------+
| id | site |
+----+------------------------+
| 1 | http://www.CodeBit.cn |
| 2 | http://YITU.org |
| 3 | http://www.ShuoWen.org |
+----+------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

如果你要删除较新的重复记录,可以使用下面的语句:
mysql> delete from a
-> using demo as a, demo as b
-> where (a.id < b.id)
-> and (a.site = b.site);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.12 sec)

mysql> select * from demo order by id;
+----+------------------------+
| id | site |
+----+------------------------+
| 2 | http://YITU.org |
| 4 | http://www.CodeBit.cn |
| 5 | http://www.ShuoWen.org |
+----+------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

你可以用下面的语句先确认将被删除的重复记录:
mysql> SELECT a.*
-> FROM demo a, demo b
-> WHERE a.id > b.id
-> AND (a.site = b.site);
+----+------------------------+
| id | site |
+----+------------------------+
| 1 | http://www.CodeBit.cn |
| 3 | http://www.ShuoWen.org |
+----+------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

如果有创建索引的权限,可以用下面的方法:

在表上创建唯一键索引:

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mysql> alter ignore table demo add unique index ukey (site);

Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.46 sec)

Records: 5 Duplicates: 2 Warnings: 0

 

mysql> select * from demo order by id;

+----+------------------------+

| id | site |

+----+------------------------+

| 1 | http://www.CodeBit.cn |

| 2 | http://YITU.org |

| 3 | http://www.ShuoWen.org |

+----+------------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

重复记录被删除后,如果需要,可以删除索引:

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mysql> alter table demo drop index ukey;

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.37 sec)

Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

如果有创建表的权限,可以用下面的方法:

创建一个新表,然后将原表中不重复的数据插入新表:

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mysql> create table demo_new as select * from demo group by site;

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.19 sec)

Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

 

mysql> show tables;

+----------------+

| Tables_in_test |

+----------------+

| demo |

| demo_new |

+----------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> select * from demo order by id;

+----+------------------------+

| id | site |

+----+------------------------+

| 1 | http://www.CodeBit.cn |

| 2 | http://YITU.org |

| 3 | http://www.ShuoWen.org |

| 4 | http://www.CodeBit.cn |

| 5 | http://www.ShuoWen.org |

+----+------------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> select * from demo_new order by id;

+----+------------------------+

| id | site |

+----+------------------------+

| 1 | http://www.CodeBit.cn |

| 2 | http://YITU.org |

| 3 | http://www.ShuoWen.org |

+----+------------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

然后将原表备份,将新表重命名为当前表:

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mysql> rename table demo to demo_old, demo_new to demo;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

 

mysql> show tables;

+----------------+

| Tables_in_test |

+----------------+

| demo |

| demo_old |

+----------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> select * from demo order by id;

+----+------------------------+

| id | site |

+----+------------------------+

| 1 | http://www.CodeBit.cn |

| 2 | http://YITU.org |

| 3 | http://www.ShuoWen.org |

+----+------------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

注意:使用这种方式创建的表会丢失原表的索引信息!

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mysql> desc demo;

+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |

| site | varchar(100) | NO | | | |

+-------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

如果要保持和原表信息一致,你可以使用 show create table demo; 来查看原表的创建语句,然后使用原表的创建语句创建新表,接着使用 insert … select 语句插入数据,再重命名表即可。

当然,如果要避免重复记录,最好的办法还是不要插入重复数据,可以参考本站另外一篇文章:MySQL 当记录不存在时插入