epoll编程需要关注以下一些细节：
1.进程可打开的最大文件描述符，通过ulimit -a查看open files选项
2.read函数的返回值与errno，errno为EAGAIN和EINTR的含义，要如何处理？
3.write函数的返回值与errno，errno为EAGAIN和EINTR的含义，要如何处理？
4.epoll的events的含义，man 2 epoll_ctl有详细注解
EPOLLET
EPOLLIN
EPOLLOUT
EPOLLRDHUP
EPOLLPRI
EPOLLERR
EPOLLHUP
EPOLLONESHOT
5.EPOLLLT和EPOLLET的区别
6.并不是读取数据后马上就需要注册EPOLLOUT事件，按需注册
下面是简单的server和client代码，选用EPOLLLT模式，不涉及业务数据处理，关注点仅在数据收发与异常处理，
需要注意的是EPOLLET模式下的读写方式与EPOLLLT不同，代码复制至EPOLLET模式并不适用，
epoll_event结构体的理解
// man 2 epoll_ctl
typedef union epoll_data {
void *ptr;
int fd;
__uint32_t u32;
__uint64_t u64;
} epoll_data_t;
struct epoll_event {
__uint32_t events; /* Epoll events */
epoll_data_t data; /* User data variable */
};
----- server.cpp -----
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_EVENTS 1000
#define MAX_LEN 1024
/*
参考 man epoll_ctl
EPOLLIN 可读
EPOLLOUT 可写
EPOLLPRI 紧急数据
EPOLLRDHUP 出错
EPOLLERR 出错
EPOLLHUP 出错
*/
//设置非阻塞
static void setnonblocking(int sockfd) {
int flag = fcntl(sockfd, F_GETFL, 0);
if (flag < 0) {
perror("fcntl F_GETFL fail");
return;
}
if (fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFL, flag | O_NONBLOCK) < 0) {
perror("fcntl F_SETFL fail");
}
}
//添加epoll事件
static int epoll_add(int efd, int sockfd) {
struct epoll_event ev;
ev.events = EPOLLIN;
ev.data.fd = sockfd;
if (-1 == epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sockfd, &ev)) {
perror("epoll_ctl EPOLL_CTL_ADD fail");
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
//修改epoll事件,默认LT
static void epoll_write(int efd, int sockfd, bool enable) {
struct epoll_event ev;
ev.events = EPOLLIN | (enable ? EPOLLOUT : 0);
ev.data.fd = sockfd;
epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, sockfd, &ev);
}
//删除epoll事件
static void epoll_del(int efd, int sockfd) {
perror("close by");
epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, sockfd , NULL);
close(sockfd);
}
//读,定长
int readn(int fd, void *vptr, size_t n) {
// see man 2 read
size_t nleft;
int nread;
char *ptr;
ptr = (char*)vptr;
nleft = n;
while (nleft > 0) {
nread = (int)read(fd, ptr, nleft);
if (nread < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
nread = 0; /* call read() again */
else
return -1; /* maybe errno == EAGAIN */
} else if (0 == nread) {
break; /* EOF */
}
nleft -= nread;
ptr += nread;
}
return(n - nleft); /* return >= 0 */
}
//写,定长
int writen(int fd, const void *vptr, size_t n) {
// see man 2 write
size_t nleft;
int nwritten;
const char *ptr;
ptr = (char*)vptr;
nleft = n;
while (nleft > 0) {
nwritten = write(fd, ptr, nleft);
if (nwritten <= 0) {
if (nwritten < 0 && errno == EINTR)
nwritten = 0; /* call write() again */
else
return(-1); /* error */
}
nleft -= nwritten;
ptr += nwritten;
}
return(n);
}
int main()
{
// socket
int listenfd;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
short port = 9527;
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(port);
listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
setnonblocking(listenfd); // accept调用时非阻塞
int res = bind(listenfd, (sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
if (0 == res)
printf("server bind success, 0.0.0.0:%d\n", port);
else {
perror("bind fail");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
res = listen(listenfd, 100);
if (0 == res)
printf("server listen success\n");
else {
perror("listen fail");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// epoll create,see man epoll_create
struct epoll_event ev, events[MAX_EVENTS];
int epollfd = epoll_create(10);
if (-1 == epollfd) {
perror("epoll_create fail");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// epoll add
if (epoll_add(epollfd, listenfd)) {
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (;;) {
int nfds = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, MAX_EVENTS, -1);
if (-1 == nfds) {
perror("epoll_wait fail");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (int n = 0; n < nfds; ++n) {
if (events[n].data.fd == listenfd) {
struct sockaddr_in cliaddr;
socklen_t len = sizeof(cliaddr);
int connfd = accept(listenfd, (sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &len);
if (-1 == connfd) {
perror("accept fail");
continue;
}
setnonblocking(connfd);
if (epoll_add(epollfd, connfd)) {
close(connfd);
continue;
}
// 这里进行一些处理,比如解析cliaddr
char buff[INET_ADDRSTRLEN + 1] = {0};
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cliaddr.sin_addr, buff, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
uint16_t port = ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port);
printf("connection from %s, port %d\n", buff, port);
} else if (events[n].events & EPOLLIN) {
char buffer[MAX_LEN + 1] = {0}; /* keep the end '\0' */
size_t count = MAX_LEN;
int connfd = events[n].data.fd;
int res = readn(connfd, buffer, count);
// 处理网络异常情况
if (res < 0 && errno != EAGAIN) {
epoll_del(epollfd, connfd);
continue;
} else if (0 == res) {
epoll_del(epollfd, connfd);
continue;
}
if (strlen(buffer) != 0) {
printf("fd:%d, read len:%ld\n", connfd, strlen(buffer));
}
// 假设要发送数据,注册EPOLLOUT
if (strlen(buffer) != 0)
epoll_write(epollfd, connfd, true);
} else if (events[n].events & EPOLLOUT) {
const char* vptr = "hi client!"; /* 伪造的发送数据 */
int connfd = events[n].data.fd;
size_t count = strlen(vptr);
int len = writen(connfd, vptr, count);
// 处理网络异常情况
if (len < 0 && errno != EAGAIN) {
epoll_del(epollfd, connfd);
continue;
}
if (len > 0) {
printf("fd:%d, write len:%d\n", connfd, len);
}
if (len < count) {
epoll_write(epollfd, connfd, true); /* 还有可写数据,注册EPOLLOUT */
} else {
epoll_write(epollfd, connfd, false); /* 已经没有可写数据,注册EPOLLIN */
}
} else if (events[n].events & EPOLLPRI) {
// pass
} else if (events[n].events & EPOLLRDHUP) {
epoll_del(epollfd, events[n].data.fd);
} else if (events[n].events & EPOLLERR) {
epoll_del(epollfd, events[n].data.fd);
} else if (events[n].events & EPOLLHUP) {
epoll_del(epollfd, events[n].data.fd);
} else {
// pass
}
}
}
}
----- client.cpp -----
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
// 设置非阻塞
static void setnonblocking(int sockfd) {
int flag = fcntl(sockfd, F_GETFL, 0);
if (flag < 0) {
perror("fcntl F_GETFL fail");
return;
}
if (fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFL, flag | O_NONBLOCK) < 0) {
perror("fcntl F_SETFL fail");
}
}
//读,定长
int readn(int fd, void *vptr, size_t n) {
/* see man 2 read */
size_t nleft;
int nread;
char *ptr;
ptr = (char*)vptr;
nleft = n;
while (nleft > 0) {
nread = (int)read(fd, ptr, nleft);
if (nread < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
nread = 0; /* call read() again */
else
return -1; /* maybe errno == EAGAIN */
} else if (0 == nread) {
break; /* EOF */
}
nleft -= nread;
ptr += nread;
}
return(n - nleft); /* return >= 0 */
}
//写,定长
int writen(int fd, const void *vptr, size_t n) {
/* see man 2 write */
size_t nleft;
int nwritten;
const char *ptr;
ptr = (char*)vptr;
nleft = n;
while (nleft > 0) {
nwritten = write(fd, ptr, nleft);
if (nwritten <= 0) {
if (nwritten < 0 && errno == EINTR)
nwritten = 0; /* call write() again */
else
return(-1); /* error */
}
nleft -= nwritten;
ptr += nwritten;
}
return(n);
}
int main()
{
// socket
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
short port = 9527;
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
servaddr.sin_port = htons(port);
setnonblocking(sockfd);
if (connect(sockfd, (sockaddr *) &servaddr, sizeof(sockaddr_in)) < 0) {
if (errno != EINPROGRESS) {
perror("connect fail");
close(sockfd);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
const char* sendbuf = "hello server!";
for (;;) {
// write
int len = writen(sockfd, sendbuf, strlen(sendbuf));
if (len < 0 && errno != EAGAIN) {
break;
}
if (len > 0) {
printf("fd:%d, write len:%d\n", sockfd, len);
}
// read
char recvbuf[1024+1] = {0};
int res = readn(sockfd, recvbuf, 1024);
if (res < 0 && errno != EAGAIN) {
break;
} else if (0 == res) {
break;
}
if (strlen(recvbuf) > 0) {
printf("fd:%d, read len:%ld\n", sockfd, strlen(recvbuf));
}
sleep(1);
}
perror("close by");
close(sockfd);
}
----- 简单的编译脚本 -----
#!/bin/bash g++ client.cpp -o ctest g++ server.cpp -o stest
----- 简单的批量启动client脚本 -----
#!/bin/bash num=10000 progress="ctest" for (( i=0; i<$num; i++)); do ./$progress > /dev/null 2>&1 & done
注：
readn和writen函数参考：《unix网络编程》卷1第3章