lvs+keepalived+nginx实现高性能负载均衡集群【转】

转自

lvs+keepalived+nginx实现高性能负载均衡集群 - 青衫lys - 博客园
http://www.cnblogs.com/liuyisai/p/5990645.html

一、为什么要使用负载均衡技术？

1、系统高可用性

2、系统可扩展性

3、负载均衡能力

LVS+keepalived能很好的实现以上的要求，LVS提供负载均衡，keepalived提供健康检查，故障转移，提高系统的可用性！采用这样的架构以后很容易对现有系统进行扩展，只要在后端添加或者减少realserver，只要更改lvs的配置文件，并能实现无缝配置变更！

二、LVS+Keepalived介绍

1、 LVS

LVS是一个开源的软件，可以实现LINUX平台下的简单负载均衡。LVS是Linux Virtual Server的缩写，意思是Linux虚拟服务器。目前有三种IP负载均衡技术（VS/NAT、VS/TUN和VS/DR）；八种调度算法（rr,wrr,lc,wlc,lblc,lblcr,dh,sh）。

2、 keepalived

Keepalived 是运行在lvs 之上，它的主要功能是实现真实机的故障隔离及负载均衡器间的失败切换，提高系统的可用性

三、环境：

四台服务器，系统全为CentOS6.8：

192.168.2.203 master lvs+keepalived

192.168.2.202 backup lvs+keepalived

192.168.2.204 web1（nginx）

192.168.2.205 web2 （nginx）

vip：192.168.2.13

其中nginx已预装好，这里不再写搭建过程

四、搭建并配置

1、分别在backup lvs和master lvs上安装lvs

 1 root@bogon src]# yum -y install ipvsadm

 2 已加载插件：fastestmirror

 3 设置安装进程

 4 Determining fastest mirrors

 5 epel/metalink                                                                                   | 5.4 kB     00:00

 6  * base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn

 7 ... ...

 8 已安装:

 9   ipvsadm.x86_64 0:1.26-4.el6

10

11 作为依赖被安装:

12   libnl.x86_64 0:1.1.4-2.el6

13

14 完毕！

2、把ipvsadm模块加载进系统

1 [root@bogon src]# ipvsadm

2 IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)

3 Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags

4   -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn

5 [root@bogon src]# lsmod | grep ip_vs

6 ip_vs                 126897  0

7 libcrc32c               1246  1 ip_vs

8 ipv6                  336282  270 ip_vs,ip6t_REJECT,nf_conntrack_ipv6,nf_defrag_ipv6

3、分别在backup lvs和master lvs上安装keepalived（keepalived官网：http://www.keepalived.org/）

[root@bogon src]# tar zxf keepalived-1.2.24.tar.gz

[root@bogon src]# cd keepalived-1.2.24

[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# ./configure --sysconf=/etc --with-kernel-dir=/lib/modules/2.6.32-642.3.1.el6.x86_64/

报错：

configure: error:

  !!! OpenSSL is not properly installed on your system. !!!

  !!! Can not include OpenSSL headers files.            !!!

系统缺少openssl-devel包所致

安装openssl-devel

root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# yum -y install openssl-devel

再次编辑安装

[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# ./configure --sysconf=/etc --with-kernel-dir=/lib/modules/2.6.32-642.3.1.el6.x86_64/

Keepalived configuration

------------------------

Keepalived version       : 1.2.24

Compiler                 : gcc

Preprocessor flags       : -I/lib/modules/2.6.32-642.3.1.el6.x86_64//include

Compiler flags           : -Wall -Wunused -Wstrict-prototypes

Linker flags             :

Extra Lib                : -ldl -lssl -lcrypto

Use IPVS Framework       : Yes

IPVS use libnl           : No

IPVS syncd attributes    : No

IPVS 64 bit stats        : No

fwmark socket support    : Yes

Use VRRP Framework       : Yes

Use VRRP VMAC            : Yes

Use VRRP authentication  : Yes

With ip rules/routes     : Yes

SNMP keepalived support  : No

SNMP checker support     : No

SNMP RFCv2 support       : No

SNMP RFCv3 support       : No

SHA1 support             : No

Use Debug flags          : No

Stacktrace support       : No

Memory alloc check       : No

libnl version            : None

Use IPv4 devconf         : No

Use libiptc              : No

Use libipset             : No

Build genhash            : Yes

Build documentation      : No

[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# make && make install

[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# ln -s /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /sbin/

[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# chkconfig --add keepalived

[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# chkconfig --level 35 keepalived on

4、配置keepalived

lvs-master的配置文件如下

[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {　　　　　　#全局配置部分

#   notification_email {　　　　　　#email 通知，基本不用此处所以注释掉

#     acassen@firewall.loc

#     failover@firewall.loc

#     sysadmin@firewall.loc

#  }

#   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc

#   smtp_server 192.168.200.1

#   smtp_connect_timeout 30

   router_id LVS_DEVEL　　　　# 设置lvs的id，在一个网络内应该是唯一的

   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr　　

   vrrp_strict

   vrrp_garp_interval 0

   vrrp_gna_interval 0

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {　　　　#vrrp实例定义部分

    state MASTER　　　　 #设置lvs的状态，报错MASTER和BACKUP两种，必须大写

    interface eth0　　　　#设置对外服务的接口

    virtual_router_id 60　　#设置虚拟路由标示，这个标示是一个数字，同一个vrrp实例使用唯一标示

    priority 100　　　　#定义优先级，数字越大优先级越高，在一个vrrp——instance下，master的优先级必须大于backup

    advert_int 1　　　　#设定master与backup负载均衡器之间同步检查的时间间隔，单位是秒

    authentication {　　#设置验证类型和密码

        auth_type PASS　　#主要有PASS和AH两种

        auth_pass 1111　　#验证密码，同一个vrrp_instance下MASTER和BACKUP密码必须相同

    }

    virtual_ipaddress {　　#设置虚拟ip地址，可以设置多个，每行一个

        192.168.2.13

    }

}

virtual_server 192.168.2.13 80 {　　#设置虚拟服务器，需要指定虚拟ip和服务端口

    delay_loop 3　　　　#健康检查时间间隔

    lb_algo rr　　　　 #负载均衡调度算法

    lb_kind DR　　　　#负载均衡转发规则

    persistence_timeout 50　　　　#设置会话保持时间，对动态网页非常有用

    protocol TCP　　　　#指定转发协议类型，有TCP和UDP两种

    real_server 192.168.2.204 80 {　　#配置服务器节点1，需要指定real server的真实IP地址和端口

        weight 1　　　　#设置权重，数字越大权重越高

    TCP_CHECK { 　　　　#realserver的状态监测设置部分单位秒

            connect_timeout 3　　　　#超时时间

            nb_get_retry 3　　　　　　#重试次数

            delay_before_retry 3　　　　#重试间隔

         connect_port 80    　　#监测端口

    }

}

    real_server 192.168.2.205 80 {

    weight 1

    TCP_CHECK {

    connect_timeout 3

    nb_get_retry 3

    delay_before_retry 3

    connect_port 80

        }

    } 

}

LVS-backup的配置文件如下

[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {

#   notification_email {

#     acassen@firewall.loc

#     failover@firewall.loc

#     sysadmin@firewall.loc

#  }

#   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc

#   smtp_server 192.168.200.1

   smtp_connect_timeout 30

   router_id LVS_DEVEL

   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr

   vrrp_strict

   vrrp_garp_interval 0

   vrrp_gna_interval 0

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

    state BACKUP

    interface eth0

    virtual_router_id 60

    priority 80

    advert_int 1

    authentication {

        auth_type PASS

        auth_pass 1111

    }

    virtual_ipaddress {

        192.168.2.13

    }

}

virtual_server 192.168.2.13 80 {

    delay_loop 3

    lb_algo rr

    lb_kind DR

    persistence_timeout 3

    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.2.204 80 {

        weight 1

    TCP_CHECK {

            connect_timeout 3

            nb_get_retry 3

            delay_before_retry 3

         connect_port 80

    }

}

    real_server 192.168.2.205 80 {

    weight 1

    TCP_CHECK {

    connect_timeout 3

    nb_get_retry 3

    delay_before_retry 3

    connect_port 80

        }

    } 

}

5、realserver的配置

在两台web服务器都要执行下面脚本

[root@bogon www]# cat /etc/rc.d/init.d/realserver.sh

#!/bin/bash

# description: Config realserver lo and apply noarp

SNS_VIP=192.168.2.13

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

case "$1" in

start)

       ifconfig lo:0 $SNS_VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $SNS_VIP

       /sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev lo:0

       echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore

       echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce

       echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore

       echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce

       sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1

       echo "RealServer Start OK"

       ;;

stop)

       ifconfig lo:0 down

       route del $SNS_VIP >/dev/null 2>&1

       echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore

       echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce

       echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore

       echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce

       echo "RealServer Stoped"

       ;;

*)

       echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"

       exit 1

esac

exit 0

[root@bogon www]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/realserver.sh start

/etc/rc.d/init.d/realserver.sh: line 6: /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions: 权限不够

RealServer Start OK

[root@bogon www]# ifconfig

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:41:71:DF

          inet addr:192.168.12.129  Bcast:192.168.12.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe41:71df/64 Scope:Link

          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

          RX packets:728 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:98 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

          RX bytes:137311 (134.0 KiB)  TX bytes:7369 (7.1 KiB)

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:41:71:E9

          inet addr:192.168.2.204  Bcast:192.168.2.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe41:71e9/64 Scope:Link

          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

          RX packets:119838 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:31612 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

          RX bytes:23411786 (22.3 MiB)  TX bytes:2119106 (2.0 MiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback

          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0

          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1

          RX packets:2 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

          TX packets:2 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

          RX bytes:182 (182.0 b)  TX bytes:182 (182.0 b)

lo:0      Link encap:Local Loopback

          inet addr:192.168.2.13  Mask:255.255.255.255

          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1

6、启动keepalived并进行测试

[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# service keepalived start

正在启动 keepalived：                                      [确定]

lvs-master

[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# tail -f /var/log/messages

Oct 21 01:19:46 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[6597]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 21 01:19:46 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[6597]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 21 01:19:46 bogon Keepalived_healthcheckers[6596]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.2.13 added

Oct 21 01:19:46 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[6597]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 21 01:19:51 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[6597]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 21 01:19:51 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[6597]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 21 01:19:51 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[6597]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 21 01:19:51 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[6597]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 21 01:19:51 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[6597]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 21 01:19:51 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[6597]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# ipvsadm -L -n

IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)

Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags

  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn

TCP  192.168.2.13:80 rr persistent 3

  -> 192.168.2.204:80             Route   1      0          0

  -> 192.168.2.205:80             Route   1      0          0

访问curl http://192.168.2.13/test.txt

[root@www etc]# curl http://192.168.2.13/test.txt

it is web2

[root@www etc]# curl http://192.168.2.13/test.txt

it is web2

关掉web2再次测试

[root@www etc]# curl http://192.168.2.13/test.txt

it is web1

[root@www etc]# curl http://192.168.2.13/test.txt

it is web1

查看lvs-master

[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# ipvsadm -L -n

IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)

Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags

  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn

TCP  192.168.2.13:80 rr persistent 3

  -> 192.168.2.204:80             Route   1      0          2

[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# tail -f /var/log/messages

Oct 21 01:19:51 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[6597]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 21 01:19:51 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[6597]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 21 01:19:51 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[6597]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 21 01:19:51 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[6597]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 21 01:28:58 bogon Keepalived_healthcheckers[6596]: TCP connection to [192.168.2.205]:80 failed.

Oct 21 01:29:01 bogon Keepalived_healthcheckers[6596]: TCP connection to [192.168.2.205]:80 failed.

Oct 21 01:29:01 bogon Keepalived_healthcheckers[6596]: Check on service [192.168.2.205]:80 failed after 1 retry.

Oct 21 01:29:01 bogon Keepalived_healthcheckers[6596]: Removing service [192.168.2.205]:80 from VS [192.168.2.13]:80

Oct 21 01:29:01 bogon Keepalived_healthcheckers[6596]: Remote SMTP server [192.168.200.1]:25 connected.

Oct 21 01:29:31 bogon Keepalived_healthcheckers[6596]: Timeout reading data to remote SMTP server [192.168.200.1]:25.

已经自动把web2剔除

打开web2再次查看

[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# ipvsadm -L -n

IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)

Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags

  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn

TCP  192.168.2.13:80 rr persistent 3

  -> 192.168.2.204:80             Route   1      0          0

  -> 192.168.2.205:80             Route   1      0          0

[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# tail -f /var/log/messages

Oct 21 01:19:51 bogon Keepalived_vrrp[6597]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 21 01:28:58 bogon Keepalived_healthcheckers[6596]: TCP connection to [192.168.2.205]:80 failed.

Oct 21 01:29:01 bogon Keepalived_healthcheckers[6596]: TCP connection to [192.168.2.205]:80 failed.

Oct 21 01:29:01 bogon Keepalived_healthcheckers[6596]: Check on service [192.168.2.205]:80 failed after 1 retry.

Oct 21 01:29:01 bogon Keepalived_healthcheckers[6596]: Removing service [192.168.2.205]:80 from VS [192.168.2.13]:80

Oct 21 01:29:01 bogon Keepalived_healthcheckers[6596]: Remote SMTP server [192.168.200.1]:25 connected.

Oct 21 01:29:31 bogon Keepalived_healthcheckers[6596]: Timeout reading data to remote SMTP server [192.168.200.1]:25.

Oct 21 01:31:01 bogon Keepalived_healthcheckers[6596]: TCP connection to [192.168.2.205]:80 success.

Oct 21 01:31:01 bogon Keepalived_healthcheckers[6596]: Adding service [192.168.2.205]:80 to VS [192.168.2.13]:80

Oct 21 01:31:01 bogon Keepalived_healthcheckers[6596]: Remote SMTP server [192.168.200.1]:25 connected.

恢复后已自动添加进来

关掉lvs master的keepalived

[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# service keepalived stop

停止 keepalived：                                          [确定]

访问web并查看lvs backup

[root@www etc]# curl http://192.168.2.13/test.txt

it is web2

[root@www etc]# curl http://192.168.2.13/test.txt

it is web2

[root@lys2 src]# tail -f /var/log/messages

Oct 23 19:03:26 lys2 Keepalived_vrrp[13124]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE

Oct 23 19:03:27 lys2 Keepalived_vrrp[13124]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

Oct 23 19:03:27 lys2 Keepalived_vrrp[13124]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.

Oct 23 19:03:27 lys2 Keepalived_healthcheckers[13123]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.2.13 added

Oct 23 19:03:27 lys2 Keepalived_vrrp[13124]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 23 19:03:27 lys2 Keepalived_vrrp[13124]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 23 19:03:27 lys2 Keepalived_vrrp[13124]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 23 19:03:27 lys2 Keepalived_vrrp[13124]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 23 19:03:27 lys2 Keepalived_vrrp[13124]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 23 19:03:27 lys2 Keepalived_vrrp[13124]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 23 19:03:32 lys2 Keepalived_vrrp[13124]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 23 19:03:32 lys2 Keepalived_vrrp[13124]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 23 19:03:32 lys2 Keepalived_vrrp[13124]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 23 19:03:32 lys2 Keepalived_vrrp[13124]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 23 19:03:32 lys2 Keepalived_vrrp[13124]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

Oct 23 19:03:32 lys2 Keepalived_vrrp[13124]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth1 for 192.168.2.13

[root@lys2 src]# ip addr

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

    inet6 ::1/128 scope host

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 00:0c:29:89:0f:e3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.144.101/24 brd 192.168.144.255 scope global eth0

    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe89:fe3/64 scope link

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 00:0c:29:89:0f:ed brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.2.202/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth1

    inet 192.168.2.13/32 scope global eth1

    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe89:fed/64 scope link

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

可以看到lvs backup已自动切换成master状态并自动绑定了vip

查看lvs master vip

[root@bogon keepalived-1.2.24]# ip addr

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

    inet6 ::1/128 scope host

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 00:0c:29:55:4d:7a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.12.128/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global eth0

    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe55:4d7a/64 scope link

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

    link/ether 00:0c:29:55:4d:84 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

    inet 192.168.2.203/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global eth1

    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe55:4d84/64 scope link

       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

已自动解除vip

如果想查看当前的请求转发到哪个服务器去了，可以用ipvsadm加选项来查看，其完整形式为：

[root@hch keepalived]# ipvsadm -lcn

IPVS connection entries

pro expire state       source             virtual            destination

TCP :  NONE        10.72.16.50:      10.72.16.90:     10.72.16.84:

TCP :  FIN_WAIT    10.72.16.50:  10.72.16.90:     10.72.16.84:

先访问10.72.16.90，然后执行watch -n1 ipvsadm -lcn

lvs+keepalived+nginx实现高性能负载均衡集群【转】

到处全部结束

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