IOS页面自动布局 之 NSLayoutConstraint基础篇

时间:2023-02-10 17:20:54

使用AutoLayout之前需要知道以下两点:

1.必须设置 translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints为NO。

2.如果是viewControl则AutoLayout适配写在[- updateViewConstraints]中;

如果是view则AutoLayout适配写在[- updateConstraints]中。

一、要讲解的方法:

 /* Create constraints explicitly.  Constraints are of the form "view1.attr1 = view2.attr2 * multiplier + constant"
If your equation does not have a second view and attribute, use nil and NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute.
*/
+(instancetype)constraintWithItem:(id)view1
attribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)attr1
relatedBy:(NSLayoutRelation)relation
toItem:(id)view2
attribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)attr2
multiplier:(CGFloat)multiplier
constant:(CGFloat)c;

参数说明:

第一个参数 view1: 要设置的视图;

第二个参数 attr1: view1要设置的属性,稍后详解;

第三个参数 relation: 视图view1和view2的指定属性之间的关系,稍后详解;

第四个参数 view2: 参照的视图;

第五个参数 attr2: 参照视图view2的属性,稍后详解;

第六个参数 multiplier: 视图view1的指定属性是参照视图view2制定属性的多少倍;

第七个参数 c: 视图view1的指定属性需要加的浮点数。

根据参数的讲解,得出计算公式如下:

view1.attr1 [= , >= , <=] view2.attr2 * multiplier + c;

参数详解:

1、NSLayoutAttribute

 typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSLayoutAttribute) {
NSLayoutAttributeLeft = ,
NSLayoutAttributeRight,
NSLayoutAttributeTop,
NSLayoutAttributeBottom,
NSLayoutAttributeLeading,
NSLayoutAttributeTrailing,
NSLayoutAttributeWidth,
NSLayoutAttributeHeight,
NSLayoutAttributeCenterX,
NSLayoutAttributeCenterY,
NSLayoutAttributeBaseline,
NSLayoutAttributeLastBaseline = NSLayoutAttributeBaseline,
NSLayoutAttributeFirstBaseline NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0), NSLayoutAttributeLeftMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
NSLayoutAttributeRightMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
NSLayoutAttributeTopMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
NSLayoutAttributeBottomMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
NSLayoutAttributeLeadingMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
NSLayoutAttributeTrailingMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
NSLayoutAttributeCenterXWithinMargins NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),
NSLayoutAttributeCenterYWithinMargins NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0), NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute =
};

分三部分解释 NSLayoutAttribute

第一部分:常用的

NSLayoutAttributeLeft: CGRectGetMinX(view.frame);

NSLayoutAttributeRight: CGRectGetMaxX(view.frame);

NSLayoutAttributeTop: CGRectGetMinY(view.frame);

NSLayoutAttributeBottom: CGRectGetMinY(view.frame);

NSLayoutAttributeWidth: CGRectGetWidth(view.frame);

NSLayoutAttributeHeight: CGRectGetHeight(view.frame);

NSLayoutAttributeCenterX: view.center.x;

NSLayoutAttributeCenterY:view.center.y ;

NSLayoutAttributeBaseline: 文本底标线,在大多数视图中等同于NSLayoutAttributeBottom; 在少数视图,如UILabel,是指字母的底部出现的位置;

NSLayoutAttributeLastBaseline: 相当于NSLayoutAttributeBaseline;

NSLayoutAttributeFirstBaseline: 文本上标线;

NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute: None;

第二部分: 根据国家使用习惯不同表示的意思不同

NSLayoutAttributeLeading: 在习惯由左向右看的地区,相当于NSLayoutAttributeLeft;在习惯从右至左看的地区,相当于NSLayoutAttributeRight;

NSLayoutAttributeTrailing: 在习惯由左向右看的地区,相当于NSLayoutAttributeRight;在习惯从右至左看的地区,相当于NSLayoutAttributeLeft;

第三部分:ios8新增属性,各种间距,具体用法下节介绍

NSLayoutAttributeLeftMargin,

NSLayoutAttributeRightMargin,

NSLayoutAttributeTopMargin,

NSLayoutAttributeBottomMargin,

NSLayoutAttributeLeadingMargin,

NSLayoutAttributeTrailingMargin,

NSLayoutAttributeCenterXWithinMargins,

NSLayoutAttributeCenterYWithinMargins,

从网上找了一张图,标注以上属性

IOS页面自动布局 之 NSLayoutConstraint基础篇

2、NSLayoutRelation

 typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSLayoutRelation) {
NSLayoutRelationLessThanOrEqual = -,
NSLayoutRelationEqual = ,
NSLayoutRelationGreaterThanOrEqual = ,
};

NSLayoutRelationLessThanOrEqual: <=;

NSLayoutRelationEqual: =;

NSLayoutRelationGreaterThanOrEqual: >=;

二、要讲解的方法

1、获取当前view中所有的 NSLayoutConstraint

 - (NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0);

2、旧版方法,将指定的NSLayoutConstraint添加到页面或者从页面中移除

  - (void)addConstraint:(NSLayoutConstraint *)constraint NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // This method will be deprecated in a future release and should be avoided.  Instead, set NSLayoutConstraint's active property to YES.
- (void)addConstraints:(NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // This method will be deprecated in a future release and should be avoided. Instead use +[NSLayoutConstraint activateConstraints:].
- (void)removeConstraint:(NSLayoutConstraint *)constraint NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // This method will be deprecated in a future release and should be avoided. Instead set NSLayoutConstraint's active property to NO.
- (void)removeConstraints:(NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0); // This method will be deprecated in a future release and should be avoided. Instead use +[NSLayoutConstraint deactivateConstraints:].

3、ios8新加方法,激活或者停用指定约束

 /* The receiver may be activated or deactivated by manipulating this property.  Only active constraints affect the calculated layout.  Attempting to activate a constraint whose items have no common ancestor will cause an exception to be thrown.  Defaults to NO for newly created constraints. */
@property (getter=isActive) BOOL active NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0); /* Convenience method that activates each constraint in the contained array, in the same manner as setting active=YES. This is often more efficient than activating each constraint individually. */
+ (void)activateConstraints:(NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0); /* Convenience method that deactivates each constraint in the contained array, in the same manner as setting active=NO. This is often more efficient than deactivating each constraint individually. */
+ (void)deactivateConstraints:(NSArray *)constraints NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);

三、Coding Time

a> 设置视图view1为 宽度=20的正方形

两种写法,第一种 宽度=20,高度=20

     [self addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:nil attribute:NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute multiplier:1.0 constant:]];
[self addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:nil attribute:NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute multiplier:1.0 constant:]];

第二种 宽度=20, 高度=宽度

     [self addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:nil attribute:NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute multiplier:1.0 constant:]];
[self addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth multiplier:1.0 constant:]];

第二种方法的优势是,如果想修改view1的大小,只需要修改一处。

b>设置视图view1.frame.origin.x = 视图view2.frame.origin.x

NSLayoutConstraint *leftConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:view2 attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft multiplier:1.0 constant:];

//旧版方法
//[self addConstraint:leftConstraint]; //新版方法1
[NSLayoutConstraint activateConstraints:@[leftConstraint]];
//新版方法2
leftConstraint.active = YES;