Android面试一天一题(1Day)

时间:2021-12-25 01:50:16

写在前面

该博客思路源于在简书看到goeasyway博主写的Android面试一天一题系列,无copy之意,仅为让自己总结知识点,成长一点点。先感谢各位大神的无私分享~!

关于题目,大部分则出自AndroidInterview-Q-ALearningNotes,当然既然是Android面试,主要是Android部分,Java基础之后再写。

IntentService作用是什么,AIDL解决了什么问题 — 小米

想知道IntentService的作用,当然需要先了解何为IntentService。

IntentService

官方解释是这样说的:

IntentService是一个基于Service的子类,其能够根据需求处理异步请求(作为Intent一样来表示)。客户端通过startService(Intent)发送异步请求调用;服务作为需要而开始,控制每个Intent来转向使用一个工作线程,并且当工作完成后自己会停止。

这个工作队列处理器部分通常用于从应用的主线程卸下任务IntentService类纯在为了简化这个部分和考虑到了mechanics。为了使用它,扩展IntentService和实现onHandleIntent(Intent)。IntentService会收到Intents,启动一个工作线程和恰当地停止服务。

所有请求被耽搁工作线程控制 — 他们可能只需要(切不会阻塞应用主线程),但每次只处理一个请求。

先抛开官方解释不说,其实我们应该想想为什么有了Service还需要一个IntentService呢?这里就引出Service与IntentService之间的区别,那么两者是否应该有联系,区别又是什么呢?考虑问题时我们应该往深度和广度去探索,当然别太深无法自拔最后自己都不知道想要了解什么问题。所以接下来的几个问题:

Service的弊端?为什么会出现IntentService,Service和IntentService的区别?

如果说Service是依附于主线程的,也就是说不能进行耗时操作,而继承于它的子类IntentService中新增了哪些代码呢,这就可以从源码入手了,下面是IntentService的几个重要元素:

public abstract class IntentService extends Service {
// Looper可以知道需要与handler的套用,进行MessageQueue的资源存放和索取
private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;
private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
// ... 代码省略 ... // 实际上也是通过Handler的机制来实现耗时操作
private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
} @Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
stopSelf(msg.arg1);
}
} // ... 代码省略 ... @Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
thread.start(); // 从上面实例化的线程中获取Looper,然后再传入ServiceHandler
mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
} // ... 代码省略 ... /**
* This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process.
* Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a
* worker thread that runs independently from other application logic.
* So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to
* the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else.
* When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself,
* so you should not call {@link #stopSelf}.
*
* @param intent The value passed to {@link
* android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}.
*/
@WorkerThread
protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);
}

注意onHandleIntent方法的注释:

该方法可以为唤起一个工作线程,而每次只能处理一个Intent,但是这个过程发生在工作线程中,并且运行在一个独立于其他的应用逻辑中,因此如果这部分代码会花一些时间的话,就会先拦截别的请求对于同一个IntentService,但不会拦截除此之外的事件。一旦所有请求都被处理了以后,IntentService会自动停止,你不需要调用stopSelf。

啰嗦一大堆,说白了IntentService就是为了实现让Service能够进行耗时操作的功能。

IntentService的用法

光知道概念和原理,但是不会用怎么行呢,我们以一个简单的Demo来进行示例,首先创建一个MainActivity负责事件开始,点击onClick的时候启动IntentService:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private boolean serviceRunning = false;

    @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
final TextView serviceStates = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_service_states);
FloatingActionButton fab = (FloatingActionButton) findViewById(R.id.fab);
fab.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, CustomIntentService.class);
serviceIntent.putExtra("sleep_flag", true);
if (!serviceRunning) {
startService(serviceIntent);
serviceStates.setText("Service is running...");
} else {
stopService(serviceIntent);
serviceStates.setText("Service is stop...");
}
serviceRunning = !serviceRunning;
}
});
}
}
public class CustomIntentService extends IntentService {
public static final String TAG = CustomIntentService.class.getSimpleName(); public CustomIntentService() {
super("CustomIntentService");
} @Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
Log.e(TAG, " onHandleIntent====> ");
boolean flag = intent.getBooleanExtra("sleep_flag", false);
Log.e(TAG, " onHandleIntent flag ====> " + flag);
} @Override
public void onCreate() {
Log.e(TAG, " onCreate ====> executed ");
super.onCreate();
} @Override
public void onDestroy() {
Log.e(TAG, " onDestroy ====> executed ");
super.onDestroy();
} @Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.e(TAG, " onStartCommand ====> executed ");
boolean flag = intent.getBooleanExtra("sleep_flag", false);
Log.e(TAG, " onStartCommand flag ====> " + flag);
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
} @Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
Log.e(TAG, " onBind ====> executed ");
return super.onBind(intent);
} @Override
public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
Log.e(TAG, " onUnbind ====> executed ");
return super.onUnbind(intent);
} @Override
public void onRebind(Intent intent) {
Log.e(TAG, " onRebind ====> executed "); super.onRebind(intent);
}
}

因为我在Intent中传递了一个boolean值作为标记,可以在下面的执行结果中看到IntentService方法的执行顺序:

E/CustomIntentService:  onCreate ====>  executed
E/CustomIntentService: onStartCommand ====> executed
E/CustomIntentService: onStartCommand flag ====> true
E/CustomIntentService: onHandleIntent====>
E/CustomIntentService: onHandleIntent flag ====> true
E/CustomIntentService: onDestroy ====> executed

当我在onHandleIntent()中使线程睡眠10s时,连续点击两次启动Button,可以看到并没有出现Service中ANR的问题,过了一会sleeping end才结束,因为IntentService通过新的子线程来进行耗时操作,从而不会影响主线程的业务逻辑。

@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
Log.e(TAG, " onHandleIntent====> ");
boolean flag = intent.getBooleanExtra("sleep_flag", false);
Log.e(TAG, " onHandleIntent flag ====> " + flag);
Log.e(TAG, " onHandleIntent====> sleeping start");
try {
Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Log.e(TAG, " onHandleIntent====> sleeping end");
}
// 第一次点击
E/CustomIntentService: onCreate ====> executed
E/CustomIntentService: onStartCommand ====> executed
E/CustomIntentService: onStartCommand flag ====> true
E/CustomIntentService: onHandleIntent====>
E/CustomIntentService: onHandleIntent flag ====> true
E/CustomIntentService: onHandleIntent====> sleeping start
E/CustomIntentService: onDestroy ====> executed
// 第二次点击
E/CustomIntentService: onCreate ====> executed
E/CustomIntentService: onStartCommand ====> executed
E/CustomIntentService: onStartCommand flag ====> true
E/CustomIntentService: onHandleIntent====>
E/CustomIntentService: onHandleIntent flag ====> true
E/CustomIntentService: onHandleIntent====> sleeping start
E/CustomIntentService: onDestroy ====> executed
// sleep结束
E/CustomIntentService: onHandleIntent====> sleeping end
E/CustomIntentService: onHandleIntent====> sleeping end