python3实现全角和半角字符转换的方法示例

时间:2021-11-07 15:01:25

前言

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一、背景介绍

解决什么问题:快速方便的对文本进行全角半角自动转换

适用什么场景:学生答题数据中全角字符替换为半角字符

二、全角半角原理

全角即:Double Byte Character,简称DBC

半角即:Single Byte Character,简称SBC

在 windows 中,中文和全角字符都占两个字节,并且使用了 ascii chart 2 (codes 128–255);
全角字符的第一个字节总是被置为 163,而第二个字节则是相同半角字符码加上128(不包括空格,全角空格和半角空格也要考虑进去);

对于中文来说,它的第一个字节被置为大于163,如'阿'为:176 162,检测到中文时不进行转换。

例如:半角 a 为 65,则全角 a 是 163(第一个字节)、193(第二个字节,128+65)。

全角半角示例:(文本 test.txt 包含全角和半角字符)

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F:\test>type test.txt
123456
123456
abcdefg
abcdefg
中国你好

三、使用 Python3 实现全角半角转换

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# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# i@mail.chenpeng.info
 
”'
全角即:Double Byte Character,简称:DBC
半角即:Single Byte Character,简称:SBC
”'
 
def DBC2SBC(ustring):
 ' 全角转半角 ”'
 rstring = “”
 for uchar in ustring:
  inside_code = ord(uchar)
  if inside_code == 0x3000:
  inside_code = 0x0020
  else:
  inside_code -= 0xfee0
  if not (0x0021 <= inside_code and inside_code <= 0x7e):
   rstring += uchar
   continue
  rstring += chr(inside_code)
 return rstring
 
def SBC2DBC(ustring):
 ' 半角转全角 ”'
 rstring = “”
 for uchar in ustring:
  inside_code = ord(uchar)
  if inside_code == 0x0020:
  inside_code = 0x3000
  else:
  if not (0x0021 <= inside_code and inside_code <= 0x7e):
   rstring += uchar
   continue
  inside_code += 0xfee0
  rstring += chr(inside_code)
 return rstring
 
s = ”'
array(‘0' => ‘0', ‘1' => ‘1', ‘2' => ‘2', ‘3' => ‘3', ‘4' => ‘4',
  ‘5' => ‘5', ‘6' => ‘6', ‘7' => ‘7', ‘8' => ‘8', ‘9' => ‘9',
  ‘A' => ‘A', ‘B' => ‘B', ‘C' => ‘C', ‘D' => ‘D', ‘E' => ‘E',
  ‘F' => ‘F', ‘G' => ‘G', ‘H' => ‘H', ‘I' => ‘I', ‘J' => ‘J',
  ‘K' => ‘K', ‘L' => ‘L', ‘M' => ‘M', ‘N' => ‘N', ‘O' => ‘O',
  ‘P' => ‘P', ‘Q' => ‘Q', ‘R' => ‘R', ‘S' => ‘S', ‘T' => ‘T',
  ‘U' => ‘U', ‘V' => ‘V', ‘W' => ‘W', ‘X' => ‘X', ‘Y' => ‘Y',
  ‘Z' => ‘Z', ‘a' => ‘a', ‘b' => ‘b', ‘c' => ‘c', ‘d' => ‘d',
  ‘e' => ‘e', ‘f' => ‘f', ‘g' => ‘g', ‘h' => ‘h', ‘i' => ‘i',
  ‘j' => ‘j', ‘k' => ‘k', ‘l' => ‘l', ‘m' => ‘m', ‘n' => ‘n',
  ‘o' => ‘o', ‘p' => ‘p', ‘q' => ‘q', ‘r' => ‘r', ‘s' => ‘s',
  ‘t' => ‘t', ‘u' => ‘u', ‘v' => ‘v', ‘w' => ‘w', ‘x' => ‘x',
  ‘y' => ‘y', ‘z' => ‘z',
  ‘(' => ‘(‘, ‘)' => ‘)', ‘〔' => ‘[‘, ‘〕' => ‘]', ‘【' => ‘[‘,
  ‘】' => ‘]', ‘〖' => ‘[‘, ‘〗' => ‘]', ‘”‘ => ‘[‘, ‘”‘ => ‘]',
  ‘\” => ‘[‘, ‘\” => ‘]', ‘{' => ‘{‘, ‘}' => ‘}', ‘《' => ‘<‘,
  ‘》' => ‘>',
  ‘%' => ‘%', ‘+' => ‘+', ‘—' => ‘-‘, ‘-' => ‘-‘, ‘~' => ‘-‘,
  ‘:' => ‘:', ‘。' => ‘.', ‘、' => ‘,', ‘,' => ‘.', ‘、' => ‘.',
  ‘;' => ‘,', ‘?' => ‘?', ‘!' => ‘!', ‘…' => ‘-‘, ‘‖' => ‘|',
  ‘”‘ => ‘”‘, ‘\” => ‘`', ‘\” => ‘`', ‘|' => ‘|', ‘〃' => ‘”‘,
  ‘ ' => ‘ ‘);
  ”'
 
# 全角转半角
print(DBC2SBC(s))
 
# 半角转全角
print(SBC2DBC(s))
 
s = '中文测试”'
 
# 全角转半角
print(DBC2SBC(s))
 
# 半角转全角
print(SBC2DBC(s))

四、总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对服务器之家的支持。

五、参考资料

http://thinkerou.com/2015-06/covert-dbc-sbc/

原文链接:http://chenpeng.info/html/3795