现象：用虚拟机上Docker启动mysql之后无法在本地安装的navicat上远程连接已启动的mysql，错误截图：
原因：mysql 8.0 默认使用 caching_sha2_password 身份验证机制；客户端不支持新的加密方式。
解决方案：
修改用户（root）的加密方式
步骤：
1、进入mysql容器内部
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it mysql01 bash
进入之后输入如下命令：
root@8e74f086c2bb:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is
Server version: 8.0. MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) , , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
会提示并进入mysql容器：输入对应命令
mysql> select host,user,plugin,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host | user | plugin | authentication_string |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| % | root | caching_sha2_password | $A$$Z%@a}aqP.mjjK<t?SjMyCAGpzJJtUmnYFmTgPoqWOESUfAg9ojwPkd8HzP4 |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password | $A$$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session | caching_sha2_password | $A$$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys | caching_sha2_password | $A$$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root | caching_sha2_password | $A$$Gr/wA/
PHFFzz``OkyuNlZo3K6eObfcdOORjQoG3zvTztdSnkIDOgg5ZkmzRb/ |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)
host为 % 表示不限制ip localhost表示本机使用 plugin非mysql_native_password 则需要修改密码
输入如下命令：
mysql>ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '';
mysql>flush privileges;
再次查询：
mysql> select host,user,plugin,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host | user | plugin | authentication_string |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| % | root | mysql_native_password | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$Gr/wA/
PHFFzz``OkyuNlZo3K6eObfcdOORjQoG3zvTztdSnkIDOgg5ZkmzRb/ |
+-----------+------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
已经修改完成，点击连接：
