Android App中DrawerLayout抽屉效果的菜单编写实例

时间:2022-04-05 06:43:19

抽屉效果的导航菜单
看了很多应用,觉得这种侧滑的抽屉效果的菜单很好。

Android App中DrawerLayout抽屉效果的菜单编写实例

不用切换到另一个页面,也不用去按菜单的硬件按钮,直接在界面上一个按钮点击,菜单就滑出来,而且感觉能放很多东西。
库的引用:
首先, drawerlayout这个类是在support library里的,需要加上android-support-v4.jar这个包。

然后程序中用时在前面导入import android.support.v4.widget.drawerlayout;

如果找不到这个类,首先用sdk manager更新一下android support library,然后在android sdk\extras\android\support\v4路径下找到android-support-v4.jar,复制到项目的libs路径,将其add to build path.

代码1
布局:

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<relativelayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent" >
 
  <android.support.v4.widget.drawerlayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >
 
    <!-- the main content view -->
    <!-- main content must be the first element of drawerlayout because it will be drawn first and drawer must be on top of it -->
 
    <framelayout
      android:id="@+id/content_frame"
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="match_parent" />
 
    <!-- the navigation drawer -->
 
    <listview
      android:id="@+id/left_drawer"
      android:layout_width="240dp"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:layout_gravity="left"
      android:background="#111"
      android:choicemode="singlechoice"
      android:divider="@android:color/transparent"
      android:dividerheight="0dp" />
  </android.support.v4.widget.drawerlayout>
 
</relativelayout> 

  drawerlayout的第一个子元素是主要内容,即抽屉没有打开时显示的布局。这里采用了一个framelayout,里面什么也没放。

  drawerlayout的第二个子元素是抽屉中的内容,即抽屉布局,这里采用了一个listview。

主要的activity(从官方实例中扒出来的):

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package com.example.hellodrawer;
 
import android.os.bundle;
import android.app.activity;
import android.content.res.configuration;
import android.view.menuitem;
import android.view.view;
import android.widget.adapterview;
import android.widget.adapterview.onitemclicklistener;
import android.widget.arrayadapter;
import android.widget.listview;
import android.support.v4.app.actionbardrawertoggle;
import android.support.v4.view.gravitycompat;
import android.support.v4.widget.drawerlayout;
 
public class hellodraweractivity extends activity
{
 
  private string[] mplanettitles;
  private drawerlayout mdrawerlayout;
  private actionbardrawertoggle mdrawertoggle;
  private listview mdrawerlist;
 
  @override
  public void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate)
  {
    super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
    setcontentview(r.layout.activity_hello_drawer);
 
    mdrawerlayout = (drawerlayout) findviewbyid(r.id.drawer_layout);
 
    // init the listview and adapter, nothing new
    initlistview();
 
    // set a custom shadow that overlays the main content when the drawer
    // opens
    mdrawerlayout.setdrawershadow(r.drawable.drawer_shadow,
        gravitycompat.start);
 
    mdrawertoggle = new actionbardrawertoggle(this, mdrawerlayout,
        r.drawable.ic_drawer, r.string.drawer_open,
        r.string.drawer_close)
    {
 
      /** called when a drawer has settled in a completely closed state. */
      public void ondrawerclosed(view view)
      {
 
        invalidateoptionsmenu(); // creates call to
                      // onprepareoptionsmenu()
      }
 
      /** called when a drawer has settled in a completely open state. */
      public void ondraweropened(view drawerview)
      {
 
        invalidateoptionsmenu(); // creates call to
                      // onprepareoptionsmenu()
      }
    };
 
    // set the drawer toggle as the drawerlistener
    mdrawerlayout.setdrawerlistener(mdrawertoggle);
 
    // enable actionbar app icon to behave as action to toggle nav drawer
    getactionbar().setdisplayhomeasupenabled(true);
    // getactionbar().sethomebuttonenabled(true);
    // note: getactionbar() added in api level 11
  }
 
  private void initlistview()
  {
    mdrawerlist = (listview) findviewbyid(r.id.left_drawer);
 
    mplanettitles = getresources().getstringarray(r.array.planets_array);
 
    // set the adapter for the list view
    mdrawerlist.setadapter(new arrayadapter<string>(this,
        r.layout.list_item, mplanettitles));
    // set the list's click listener
    mdrawerlist.setonitemclicklistener(new onitemclicklistener()
    {
 
      @override
      public void onitemclick(adapterview<?> parent, view view,
          int position, long id)
      {
        // highlight the selected item, update the title, and close the
        // drawer
        mdrawerlist.setitemchecked(position, true);
        settitle(mplanettitles[position]);
        mdrawerlayout.closedrawer(mdrawerlist);
      }
    });
  }
 
  @override
  protected void onpostcreate(bundle savedinstancestate)
  {
    super.onpostcreate(savedinstancestate);
    // sync the toggle state after onrestoreinstancestate has occurred.
    mdrawertoggle.syncstate();
  }
 
  @override
  public void onconfigurationchanged(configuration newconfig)
  {
    super.onconfigurationchanged(newconfig);
    mdrawertoggle.onconfigurationchanged(newconfig);
  }
 
  @override
  public boolean onoptionsitemselected(menuitem item)
  {
    // pass the event to actionbardrawertoggle, if it returns
    // true, then it has handled the app icon touch event
    if (mdrawertoggle.onoptionsitemselected(item))
    {
      return true;
    }
    // handle your other action bar items...
 
    return super.onoptionsitemselected(item);
  }
 
}

比较纠结的是用了level 11的一个api,这样minsdkversion就有限制,不能太低。

图片资源android官网示例处提供下载了。

程序运行后效果如下:
抽屉打开前:

Android App中DrawerLayout抽屉效果的菜单编写实例

抽屉打开后:

Android App中DrawerLayout抽屉效果的菜单编写实例

代码2
今天又看了一下drawerlayout的类,发现有很多方法可以直接用的。

重新试了一下,其实不用上面那么麻烦,随便自己定义一个按钮控制抽屉的打开就行:

布局:

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<relativelayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent"
  android:paddingbottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
  android:paddingleft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
  android:paddingright="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
  android:paddingtop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
  tools:context=".draweractivity" >
 
  <android.support.v4.widget.drawerlayout
    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >
 
    <!-- the main content view -->
 
    <framelayout
      android:id="@+id/content_frame"
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="match_parent" >
 
      <button
        android:id="@+id/btn"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="open"
        />
    </framelayout>
 
    <!-- the navigation drawer -->
 
    <listview
      android:id="@+id/left_drawer"
      android:layout_width="240dp"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:layout_gravity="start"
      android:background="#111"
      android:choicemode="singlechoice"
      android:divider="@android:color/transparent"
      android:dividerheight="0dp" />
  </android.support.v4.widget.drawerlayout>
 
</relativelayout>

 
主要代码:

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package com.example.hellodrawer;
 
import android.os.bundle;
import android.app.activity;
import android.support.v4.widget.drawerlayout;
import android.view.gravity;
import android.view.view;
import android.view.view.onclicklistener;
import android.widget.button;
 
public class draweractivity extends activity
{
  private drawerlayout mdrawerlayout = null;
 
  @override
  protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate)
  {
    super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
    setcontentview(r.layout.activity_drawer);
 
    mdrawerlayout = (drawerlayout) findviewbyid(r.id.drawer_layout);
 
    button button = (button) findviewbyid(r.id.btn);
    button.setonclicklistener(new onclicklistener()
    {
 
      @override
      public void onclick(view v)
      {
        // 按钮按下,将抽屉打开
        mdrawerlayout.opendrawer(gravity.left);
 
      }
    });
  }
 
}

使用toolbar + drawerlayout快速实现高大上菜单侧滑
如果你有在关注一些遵循最新的material design设计规范的应用的话(如果没有,假设你有!),也许会发现有很多使用了看起来很舒服、很高大上的侧滑菜单动画效果,示例如下(via 参考2):

Android App中DrawerLayout抽屉效果的菜单编写实例

今天就来使用官方支持库来快速实现这类效果,需要使用到toolbar和drawerlayout,详细步骤如下:(如果你还不知道这两个widget,先自己google吧~)
首先需要添加appcompat-v7支持:

如果是在android studio 1.0 rc4上创建的项目,默认已经添加了appcompat-v7支持了,如果不是最新版as则需要在build.gradle中添加如下代码:

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dependencies {
  ...//其他代码
  compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.2'
}

添加完成后需要同步一下gradle

添加toolbar:

由于toolbar是继承自view,所以可以像其他标准控件一样直接主布局文件添加toolbar,但是为了提高toolbar的重用效率,可以在layout创建一个custom_toolbar.xml代码如下:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  <android.support.v7.widget.toolbar xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:id="@+id/tl_custom"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:background="?attr/colorprimary"
    android:minheight="?attr/actionbarsize"
    android:popuptheme="@style/themeoverlay.appcompat.light"
    app:theme="@style/themeoverlay.appcompat.actionbar">
</android.support.v7.widget.toolbar>

说明:

android.support.v7.widget.toolbar - 当然如果只在lollipop中可以直接使用toolbar而不需要加上v7支持
xmlns:app - 自定义xml命名控件,在as中可以直接指定res-auto而不需要使用完整包名
android:background 和 android:minheight 均可以在styles.xml中声明
添加drawerlayout:

和toolbar类似,为了提高代码重用效率,可以在layout中创建一个custom_drawerlayout.xml代码如下:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  <android.support.v4.widget.drawerlayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/dl_left"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
  <!--主布局-->
  <linearlayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <imageview
      android:id="@+id/iv_main"
      android:layout_width="100dp"
      android:layout_height="100dp" />
  </linearlayout>
  <!--侧滑菜单-->
  <linearlayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#fff"
    android:layout_gravity="start">
    <listview
      android:id="@+id/lv_left_menu"
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:divider="@null"
      android:text="drawerlayout" />
  </linearlayout>
</android.support.v4.widget.drawerlayout>

drawerlayout标签中有两个子节点,一个是左边菜单,一个是主布局,另外需要在左边菜单起始位置设置为android:layout_gravity="start"

实现activity_main.xml:

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<linearlayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent"
  android:orientation="vertical"
  tools:context=".mainactivity">
    <!--toolbar-->
    <include layout="@layout/custom_toolbar" />
    <!--drawerlayout-->
    <include layout="@layout/custom_drawerlayout" />
</linearlayout>

直接使用include标签,简洁明了

完善java代码:

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public class mainactivity extends actionbaractivity {
  //声明相关变量
  private toolbar toolbar;
  private drawerlayout mdrawerlayout;
  private actionbardrawertoggle mdrawertoggle;
  private listview lvleftmenu;
  private string[] lvs = {"list item 01", "list item 02", "list item 03", "list item 04"};
  private arrayadapter arrayadapter;
  private imageview ivrunningman;
  private animationdrawable manimationdrawable;
  @override
  protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) {
    super.oncreate(savedinstancestate);
    setcontentview(r.layout.activity_main);
    findviews(); //获取控件
    //京东runningman动画效果,和本次toolbar无关
    manimationdrawable = (animationdrawable) ivrunningman.getbackground();
    manimationdrawable.start();
    toolbar.settitle("toolbar");//设置toolbar标题
    toolbar.settitletextcolor(color.parsecolor("#ffffff")); //设置标题颜色
    setsupportactionbar(toolbar);
    getsupportactionbar().sethomebuttonenabled(true); //设置返回键可用
    getsupportactionbar().setdisplayhomeasupenabled(true);
    //创建返回键,并实现打开关/闭监听
    mdrawertoggle = new actionbardrawertoggle(this, mdrawerlayout, toolbar, r.string.open, r.string.close) {
      @override
      public void ondraweropened(view drawerview) {
        super.ondraweropened(drawerview);
        manimationdrawable.stop();
      }
      @override
      public void ondrawerclosed(view drawerview) {
        super.ondrawerclosed(drawerview);
        manimationdrawable.start();
      }
    };
    mdrawertoggle.syncstate();
    mdrawerlayout.setdrawerlistener(mdrawertoggle);
    //设置菜单列表
    arrayadapter = new arrayadapter(this, android.r.layout.simple_list_item_1, lvs);
    lvleftmenu.setadapter(arrayadapter);
  }
  private void findviews() {
    ivrunningman = (imageview) findviewbyid(r.id.iv_main);
    toolbar = (toolbar) findviewbyid(r.id.tl_custom);
    mdrawerlayout = (drawerlayout) findviewbyid(r.id.dl_left);
    lvleftmenu = (listview) findviewbyid(r.id.lv_left_menu);
  }
}

当然比较重要还有styles.xml和colors.xml,具体如下: 

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<resources>
  <style name="apptheme" parent="theme.appcompat.light.noactionbar">
    <!--状态栏颜色-->
    <item name="colorprimarydark">@color/indigo_colorprimarydark</item>
    <!--toolbar颜色-->
    <item name="colorprimary">@color/indigo_colorprimary</item>
    <!--返回键样式-->
    <item name="drawerarrowstyle">@style/apptheme.drawerarrowtoggle</item>
    </style>
    <style name="apptheme.drawerarrowtoggle" parent="base.widget.appcompat.drawerarrowtoggle">
    <item name="color">@android:color/white</item>
  </style>
</resources>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
  <color name="indigo_colorprimarydark">#303f9f</color>
  <color name="indigo_colorprimary">#3f51b5</color>
  <color name="indigo_nav_color">#4675ff</color>
</resources>

到此就实现了高大上菜单侧滑,最终效果如下(注:在yosemite上貌似直接record手机屏幕貌似不起作用,而且动画由于帧率原因无法实时,就先这样看吧~)

Android App中DrawerLayout抽屉效果的菜单编写实例