Spring4学习回顾之路06- IOC容器中Bean的生命周期方法

时间:2024-04-29 10:23:59

SpringIOC容器可以管理Bean的生命周期,Spring允许在Bean生命周期的特定点执行特定的任务!

Spring IOC容器对Bean的生命周期进行管理的过程:

  -通过构造器或者工厂方法创建Bean实例

  -为Bean的属性设置值和对其他Bean的引用

  -调用Bean的初始化方法

  -Bean可以使用了

  -当容器关闭了,调用Bean的销毁方法

在Bean的声明中设置init-method和destory-method属性,为Bean指定初始化和销毁方法;如图:

  <bean id="student2" class="com.lql.spring03.Student" init-method="init" destroy-method="destory ">
<property name="name" value="#{'lql'}"></property>
<property name="age" value="#{17}"></property>
</bean>  

当然,除了上述五个过程之外,Bean的生命周期可以更“丰富”点,于是就有了“Bean后置处理器”

Bean后置处理器允许在调用初始化方法前后对Bean进行额外的处理;Bean后置处理器对IOC容器里所有的Bean实例逐一处理,而非单一实例。对Bean后置处理器而言,需要实现org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor接口,在初始化方法被调用前后,Spring将每个Bean实例分别传递给上述接口的以下两个方法:

package org.springframework.beans.factory.config;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;

public interface BeanPostProcessor {
Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object var1, String var2) throws BeansException; Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object var1, String var2) throws BeansException;
}

Spring IOC容器对Bean的生命周期进行管理的过程:

  -通过构造器或者工厂方法创建Bean实例

  -为Bean的属性设置值和对其他Bean的引用

  -将Bean实例传递给Bean后置处理器的postProcessBeforeInitialization方法

  -调用Bean的初始化方法

  -将Bean实例传递给Bean后置处理器的postProcessAfterInitialization方法

  -Bean可以使用了

  -当容器关闭了,调用Bean的销毁方法

案例:建立Bean后置处理器类

package com.lql.spring03;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor; /**
* @author: lql
* @date: 2019.10.26
* Description:
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA
*/
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor{
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("postProcessBeforeInitialization :" + beanName +", " + bean);
return bean;
} @Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("postProcessAfterInitialization:" + beanName +", " + bean);
return bean;
}
}

在xml配置文件中配置Bean后置处理器:

  <!--配置bean的后置处理器-->
<bean class="com.lql.spring03.MyBeanPostProcessor"></bean>

Student.java

package com.lql.spring03;

/**
* @author: lql
* @date: 2019.10.12
* Description:
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA
*/
public class Student { private String name; private int age; public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} public int getAge() {
return age;
} public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
} @Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}

测试类:

package com.lql.spring03;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; /**
* @author: lql
* @date: 2019.10.12
* Description:
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA
*/
public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("scope.xml");
Student student = app.getBean("student", Student.class);
System.out.println(student); }
}

输出则显示:

postProcessBeforeInitialization :student, Student{name='lql', age=17}
postProcessAfterInitialization:student, Student{name='lql', age=17}
Student{name='lql', age=17}

但是这样有注入危险,比如更改Bean后置处理器的after方法:更改如下:

 @Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("postProcessAfterInitialization:" + beanName +", " + bean); Student student = new Student();
student.setName("张三");
return student;
}

这样测试的结果是:

postProcessBeforeInitialization :student, Student{name='lql', age=17}
postProcessAfterInitialization:student, Student{name='lql', age=17}
Student{name='张三', age=0}

还有个需要注意的是:因为Bean后置处理器是处理所以Bean的,所以可以这么修改:

 @Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { if ("student".equals(beanName)) {
//处理步骤
} System.out.println("postProcessBeforeInitialization :" + beanName +", " + bean);
return bean;
}

关于BeanPostProcessor的一些说明:

  -接口,实现用来作用于Bean后置处理器

  -两个方法:Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName):init-method之前被调用

        Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName):init-method之后被调用

  参数 bean: bean 实例本身

  参数beanName:IOC容器配置bean的名字

  返回值:是实际上返回给用户的那个Bean,但是可以在上面两个方法中修改返回的bean,甚至返回一个新的bean.