Spring 使用介绍(十一)—— Spring事件

时间:2024-04-29 08:15:06

一、简介

spring事件是观察者设计模式的实现,主要有三个元素:

  • 事件  spring事件由ApplicationEvent定义
  • 监听者  由ApplicationListener定义
  • 发布者  由ApplicationEventPublisher定义,而ApplicationContext继承自ApplicationEventPublisher

简单示例:

自定义事件

public class TestEvent extends ApplicationEvent {

    private String message;

    public TestEvent(Object source) {
this(source, "default message");
} public TestEvent(Object source, String msg) {
super(source);
this.message = msg;
} public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
}

监听者

@Component
public class TestListener implements ApplicationListener<ApplicationEvent> {
@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
if (event instanceof TestEvent) {
        System.out.println(((TestEvent)event).getMessage());
}
}
}

XML配置

<context:component-scan base-package="cn.matt.event"/>  

测试

public class EventTest {
@Test
public void testCustomEvent() {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring-context.xml");
context.publishEvent(new TestEvent("", "hello matt"));
}
}

补充:

定义监听者时,可通过泛型指定监听事件类型,因此,上例监听者可定义如下:

@Component
public class TestListener implements ApplicationListener<TestEvent> {
@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(TestEvent event) {
System.out.println(((TestEvent) event).getMessage());
}
}

二、spring容器事件

spring为容器启动各阶段定义了相关事件,实现如图:

Spring 使用介绍(十一)—— Spring事件

事件说明:

  • ContextStartedEvent:ApplicationContext启动后触发的事件(调用start方法)
  • ContextStoppedEvent:ApplicationContext停止后触发的事件(调用stop方法)
  • ContextClosedEvent:ApplicationContext关闭后触发的事件
  • ContextRefreshedEvent:ApplicationContext初始化或刷新完成后触发的事件(容器初始化(如bean的实例化、依赖注入)完成后调用)

使用示例

@Component
public class ApplicationStartUpListener implements ApplicationListener<ContextRefreshedEvent> {
@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(ContextRefreshedEvent event) {
System.out.println("spring context inited");
}
}

三、事件的执行机制

spring事件的执行机制默认使用单线程同步执行,异步执行可使用@Async注解实现,示例如下(新用户注册):

定义事件

public class RegisterEvent extends ApplicationEvent {
public RegisterEvent(User user) {
super(user);
}
}

定义监听者

// 发生邮件
@Component
public class EmailRegisterListener implements ApplicationListener<RegisterEvent> {
@Async
public void onApplicationEvent(final RegisterEvent event) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId() + " **** 注册成功,发送确认邮件给:" + ((User)event.getSource()).getUsername());
}
}
// 赠送积分
@Component
public class PointRegisterListener implements ApplicationListener<RegisterEvent> {
@Async
public void onApplicationEvent(final RegisterEvent event) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId() + " **** 注册成功,赠送积分给:" + ((User)event.getSource()).getUsername());
}
}
// 赠送大礼包
@Component
public class PresentRegisterListener implements ApplicationListener<RegisterEvent> {
@Async
public void onApplicationEvent(final RegisterEvent event) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId() + " **** 注册成功,赠送大礼包给:" + ((User)event.getSource()).getUsername());
}
}

用户类与业务类

public class User implements Serializable {
private String username;
private String password; public User(String username, String password) {
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
} public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
}
@Service
public class RegisterService {
@Autowired
private ApplicationContext applicationContext; public void register(String username, String password) {
System.out.println(username + "注册成功!");
publishRegisterEvent(new User(username, password));
} private void publishRegisterEvent(User user) {
applicationContext.publishEvent(new RegisterEvent(user));
}
}

配置

<context:component-scan base-package="com.sishuok"/>

<!-- 任务调度器 -->
<task:scheduler id="scheduler" pool-size="10"/> <!-- 任务执行器 -->
<task:executor id="executor" pool-size="10"/> <!--开启注解调度支持 @Async @Scheduled-->
<task:annotation-driven executor="executor" scheduler="scheduler" proxy-target-class="true"/>

测试

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"classpath:spring-config-register.xml"})
public class RegisterServiceIT {
@Autowired
private RegisterService registerService; @Test
public void testRegister() {
registerService.register("long", "123");
}
} // 输出:
// long注册成功!
// 15 **** 注册成功,发送确认邮件给:long
// 17 **** 注册成功,赠送积分给:long
// 18 **** 注册成功,赠送大礼包给:long

参考:

事件驱动模型简介

Spring进阶之路(2)-ApplicationContext容器以及事件机制

Spring ApplicationContext事件机制