MQTT介绍(3)java模拟MQTT的发布,订阅

时间:2021-10-31 07:04:36

MQTT目录:

  1.   MQTT简单介绍

  2. window安装MQTT服务器和client

  3. java模拟MQTT的发布,订阅


在此强调一下mqtt的使用场景:

  1、不可靠、网络带宽小的网络

  2、运行的设备CPU、内存非常有限


在idea中简单模拟测试代码:

  第一步:添加mqtt-client的依赖

  

<!--验证mqtt协议-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.eclipse.paho/mqtt-client -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.eclipse.paho</groupId>
<artifactId>mqtt-client</artifactId>
<version>0.4.</version>
</dependency>

  第二步:具体代码实现:

    分三部分:

      第一:服务端:

    

 package com.huhy.web.common.mqtt;

 import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttClient;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttDeliveryToken;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttException;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttMessage;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttPersistenceException;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttTopic;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.persist.MemoryPersistence;
/**
* @Author:huhy
* @DATE:Created on 2017/12/1 14:29
* @Modified By:
* @Class Description:
*/
public class ServerMQTT { //tcp://MQTT安装的服务器地址:MQTT定义的端口号
public static final String HOST = "tcp://localhost:61613";
//定义一个主题
public static final String TOPIC = "huhy";
//定义MQTT的ID,可以在MQTT服务配置中指定
private static final String clientid = "server"; private MqttClient client;
private MqttTopic topic11;
private String userName = "admin"; //非必须
private String passWord = "password"; //非必须 private MqttMessage message; /**
* 构造函数
* @throws MqttException
*/
public ServerMQTT() throws MqttException {
// MemoryPersistence设置clientid的保存形式,默认为以内存保存
client = new MqttClient(HOST, clientid, new MemoryPersistence());
connect();
} /**
* 用来连接服务器
*/
private void connect() {
MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
options.setCleanSession(false);
options.setUserName(userName);
options.setPassword(passWord.toCharArray());
// 设置超时时间
options.setConnectionTimeout();
// 设置会话心跳时间
options.setKeepAliveInterval();
try {
client.setCallback(new PushCallback());
client.connect(options); topic11 = client.getTopic(TOPIC);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} /**
*
* @param topic
* @param message
* @throws MqttPersistenceException
* @throws MqttException
*/
public void publish(MqttTopic topic , MqttMessage message) throws MqttPersistenceException,
MqttException {
MqttDeliveryToken token = topic.publish(message);
token.waitForCompletion();
System.out.println("message is published completely! "
+ token.isComplete());
} /**
* 启动入口
* @param args
* @throws MqttException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws MqttException, InterruptedException {
ServerMQTT server = new ServerMQTT();
server.message = new MqttMessage();
server.message.setQos(); //保证消息能到达一次
server.message.setRetained(true);
server.message.setPayload("abcde1".getBytes());
server.publish(server.topic11 , server.message);
Thread.sleep();
server.message.setPayload("abcde2".getBytes());
server.publish(server.topic11 , server.message);
Thread.sleep();
server.message.setPayload("abcde3".getBytes());
server.publish(server.topic11 , server.message);
System.out.println(server.message.isRetained() + "------ratained状态");
}
}

      第二部分:客户端代码:

    

 package com.huhy.web.common.mqtt;

 import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttClient;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttException;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttTopic;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.persist.MemoryPersistence; import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService; /**
* @Author:huhy
* @DATE:Created on 2017/12/1 14:34
* @Modified By:
* @Class Description:
*/
public class ClientMQTT { public static final String HOST = "tcp://localhost:61613";
public static final String TOPIC1 = "huhy";
private static final String clientid = "client";
private MqttClient client;
private MqttConnectOptions options;
private String userName = "admin"; //非必须
private String passWord = "password"; //非必须
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
private ScheduledExecutorService scheduler; private void start() {
try {
// host为主机名,clientid即连接MQTT的客户端ID,一般以唯一标识符表示,MemoryPersistence设置clientid的保存形式,默认为以内存保存
client = new MqttClient(HOST, clientid, new MemoryPersistence());
// MQTT的连接设置
options = new MqttConnectOptions();
// 设置是否清空session,这里如果设置为false表示服务器会保留客户端的连接记录,设置为true表示每次连接到服务器都以新的身份连接
options.setCleanSession(false);
// 设置连接的用户名
options.setUserName(userName);
// 设置连接的密码
options.setPassword(passWord.toCharArray());
// 设置超时时间 单位为秒
options.setConnectionTimeout();
// 设置会话心跳时间 单位为秒 服务器会每隔1.5*20秒的时间向客户端发送个消息判断客户端是否在线,但这个方法并没有重连的机制
options.setKeepAliveInterval();
// 设置回调
client.setCallback(new PushCallback());
MqttTopic topic = client.getTopic(TOPIC1);
//setWill方法,如果项目中需要知道客户端是否掉线可以调用该方法。设置最终端口的通知消息
//遗嘱 options.setWill(topic, "close".getBytes(), 2, true);
client.connect(options);
//订阅消息
int[] Qos = {};
String[] topic1 = {TOPIC1};
client.subscribe(topic1, Qos); } catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} public static void main(String[] args) throws MqttException {
ClientMQTT client = new ClientMQTT();
client.start();
}
}

    第三部分:关于客户端和服务端的回调函数(注意,我这说客户端和服务端是不准确的,准确的来说是叫发布和订阅,为了好理解就这样了

 package com.huhy.web.common.mqtt;

 /**
* @Author:huhy
* @DATE:Created on 2017/12/1 14:33
* @Modified By:
* @Class Description:
*/ import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.IMqttDeliveryToken;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttCallback;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttMessage; /**
* 发布消息的回调类
*
* 必须实现MqttCallback的接口并实现对应的相关接口方法CallBack 类将实现 MqttCallBack。
* 每个客户机标识都需要一个回调实例。在此示例中,构造函数传递客户机标识以另存为实例数据。
* 在回调中,将它用来标识已经启动了该回调的哪个实例。
* 必须在回调类中实现三个方法:
*
* public void messageArrived(MqttTopic topic, MqttMessage message)接收已经预订的发布。
*
* public void connectionLost(Throwable cause)在断开连接时调用。
*
* public void deliveryComplete(MqttDeliveryToken token))
* 接收到已经发布的 QoS 1 或 QoS 2 消息的传递令牌时调用。
* 由 MqttClient.connect 激活此回调。
*
*/
public class PushCallback implements MqttCallback {
@Override
public void connectionLost(Throwable cause) {
// 连接丢失后,一般在这里面进行重连
System.out.println("连接断开,可以做重连");
}
@Override
public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken token) {
System.out.println("deliveryComplete---------" + token.isComplete());
}
@Override
public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage message) throws Exception {
// subscribe后得到的消息会执行到这里面
System.out.println("接收消息主题 : " + topic);
System.out.println("接收消息Qos : " + message.getQos());
System.out.println("接收消息内容 : " + new String(message.getPayload()));
}
}

关于运行分别启动就可以了,要先代理服务器启动起来,关于怎么启动看我上节的讲解