6.1 使用http方式安装虚拟机
6.1.1 配置apache
1.确认或配置apache如下参数：
#vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
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Listen 80 DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" |
2.重启apache
#service httpd restart
6.1.2 准备系统盘
1.新建存放系统盘的目录
#mkdir –p /os
2.新建存放虚拟机的目录
#mkdir –p /data
3.将系统盘CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso上传至/os目录
4.挂载系统盘到apache主目录
#mkdir –p /var/www/html/centos6
#mount –o loop /os/CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /var/www/html/centos6
6.1.3 创建虚拟机
1.虚拟机名称:g1，内存大小:512M，cpu个数:1，磁盘大小:6G
2.执行如下命令，即可进行安装界面
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virt-install --connect=qemu:///system \ --name g1 \ --ram 512 \ --vcpus=1 \ --os-type=linux \ --os-variant=rhel6 \ --accelerate \ --hvm \ --disk path=/data/g1.img,size=6,bus=virtio \ --location http://192.168.100.90/centos6 \ --network bridge=br0,model=virtio \ -x "console=ttyS0" --nographics |
注：
1.如果安装过程中不能获取安装点位置，需要关闭或更改宿主机iptables规则.
2.安装过程中，虚拟机需要通过DHCP的方式获取IP地址.
6.2 使用本地ISO系统盘图形化安装虚拟机
6.2.1 准备系统盘
新建存放系统盘的目录
#mkdir –p /os
将系统盘CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso上传至/os目录
新建存放虚拟机的目录
#mkdir –p /data
6.2.2 准备安装工具
安装工具采用putty和xming，Xming用于图形展现.
putty配置
1.打开putty
2.设置服务器登录地址和端口
定位到Connection->SSH->X11，按照如下设置设置
Xming配置
1.安装Xming工具
2.启动Xming
6.2.3 创建虚拟机
虚拟机名称:g1，内存大小:512M，cpu个数:1，磁盘大小:6G
执行如下命令，即可进入图形化安装界面
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virt-install --connect=qemu:///system \ --name g1 \ --ram 512 \ --vcpus=1 \ --os-type=linux \ --os-variant=rhel6 \ --accelerate \ --hvm \ --disk path=/data/g1.img,size=6,bus=virtio \ --cdrom /os/CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso \ --network bridge=br0,model=virtio \ -x "console=ttyS0" |
Xming即可弹出安装界面.
6.3 使用kickstart安装虚拟机
6.3.1 配置apache
1. 确认或配置apache如下参数：
#vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
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Listen 80 DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" |
2. 重启apache
#service httpd restart
6.3.2 准备系统盘
1. 新建存放系统盘的目录
#mkdir –p /os
2. 新建存放虚拟机的目录
#mkdir –p /data
3. 将系统盘CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso上传至/os目录
4. 挂载系统盘到apache主目录
#mkdir –p /var/www/html/centos6
#mount –o loop /os/CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /var/www/html/centos6
6.3.3 准备ks.cfg
1. 创建存放ks.cfg的文件夹
mkdir –p /var/www/html/ks
2. 将ks.cfg文件放到/var/www/html/ks目录下
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#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T #version=DEVEL # Firewall configuration firewall --disabled # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Use network installation url --url="http://192.168.100.90/centos6" # Root password rootpw --iscrypted $1$fxaLCwXF$ZgkNxuea5PfLN9a1te.0i0 # System authorization information auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512 # Use graphical install graphical firstboot --disable # System keyboard keyboard us # System language lang en_US # SELinux configuration selinux --disabled # Installation logging level logging --level=info # System timezone timezone Africa/Abidjan # Network information network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on # System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr # Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel #clearpart --all --drives=sda part /boot --fstype ext4 --size 200 part swap --size 16000 part / --fstype ext4 --size 1 --grow %packages @basic-desktop @chinese-support @fonts @x11 %end |
6.3.4 创建虚拟机
1. 虚拟机名称:g1，内存大小:512M，cpu个数:1，磁盘大小:6G
2. 创建qcow2格式的磁盘
#qemu-img create -f qcow2 /data/g1.qcow2 6G
3. 此格式的磁盘，创建虚拟机时需要加上format=qcow2，否则安装操作系统时硬盘会显示为0MB。
4. 执行如下命令，即可进行安装界面
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virt-install --connect=qemu:///system \ --name g1 \ --ram 512 \ --vcpus=1 \ --os-type=linux \ --os-variant=rhel6 \ --accelerate \ --hvm \ --disk path=/data/g1.qcow2,size=6,format=qcow2,bus=virtio \ --location=http://192.168.100.90/centos6 \ --network bridge=br0,model=virtio \ -x "ks=http://192.168.100.90/ks/ks.cfg console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8" |
6.4 使用已存在的虚拟机配置文档创建新虚拟机
配置文档只是保存虚拟机的配置信息，并不存在操作系统，需要采用cdrom、PXE等方式安装操作系统。本例以cdrom为例。
6.4.1 创建磁盘
#qemu-img create -f qcow2 /data/g1.qcow2 6G
6.4.2 创建xml文件
1.查看现有的虚拟机
# virsh list
2.导出虚拟机centos6的硬件配置信息为xml文件
#virsh dumpxml centos6 > centos6.xml
3.编辑xml文件
必须修改的部分:
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<domain type='kvm' id='20'> <name>g1</name> <uuid>0edb899f-4129-9420-b817-e7559df65d75</uuid> …… <source file='/data/g1.qcow2'/> …… <mac address='52:54:00:9b:5b:af'/> |
改好后的g1.xml文件
其中：
<source file='/os/CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso'/>
为系统镜像的地址。
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<domain type='kvm' id='20'> <name>g1</name> <uuid>0edb899f-4129-9420-b817-e7559df65d75</uuid> <memory unit='KiB'>524288</memory> <currentMemory unit='KiB'>524288</currentMemory> <vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu> <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.6.0'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <acpi/> <apic/> <pae/> </features> <clock offset='utc'/> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>restart</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='none'/> <source file='/data/g1.qcow2'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <alias name='virtio-disk0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/> </disk> <disk type='file' device='cdrom'> <source file='/os/CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso'/> <target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/> </disk> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'> <alias name='usb0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x7'/> </controller> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'> <alias name='usb0'/> <master startport='0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/> </controller> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'> <alias name='usb0'/> <master startport='2'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x1'/> </controller> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'> <alias name='usb0'/> <master startport='4'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x2'/> </controller> <controller type='ide' index='0'> <alias name='ide0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/> </controller> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:9b:6b:af'/> <source bridge='br0'/> <target dev='vnet2'/> <model type='virtio'/> <alias name='net2'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> </interface> <serial type='pty'> <source path='/dev/pts/0'/> <target port='0'/> <alias name='serial0'/> </serial> <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/0'> <source path='/dev/pts/0'/> <target type='serial' port='0'/> <alias name='serial0'/> </console> <input type='tablet' bus='usb'> <alias name='input0'/> </input> <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/> <graphics type='vnc' port='5900' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0'> <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/> </graphics> <video> <model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/> <alias name='video0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/> </video> <memballoon model='virtio'> <alias name='balloon0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/> </memballoon> </devices> <seclabel type='dynamic' model='selinux' relabel='yes'> <label>unconfined_u:system_r:svirt_t:s0:c619,c653</label> <p_w_picpathlabel>unconfined_u:object_r:svirt_p_w_picpath_t:s0:c619,c653</p_w_picpathlabel> </seclabel> </domain> |
使用xml文件创建虚拟机
# virsh define g1.xml
Domain g1 defined from g1.xml
启动虚拟机
# virsh start g1
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/showing/1840615