python 用 matplotlib 绘制圆环形嵌套饼图步骤详解

1、加载库

import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

 

2、单层圆环饼图

# 配置字体，显示中文
mpl.rcParams[\'font.sans-serif\'] = [\'SimHei\']  
# 配置坐标轴刻度值模式，显示负号
mpl.rcParams[\'axes.unicode_minus\'] = False

# 定义数据
elements = [\'面粉\', \'砂糖\', \'牛奶\', \'草莓酱\', \'坚果\']
weight1 = [40, 15, 20, 10, 15]
cs = [\'red\', \'orange\', \'yellow\', \'green\', \'cyan\']

# 对数据进行排序
x = list(zip(elements, weight1, cs))
x.sort(key=lambda e: e[1], reverse=True)
[elements, weight1, cs] = list(zip(*x))

outer_cs = cs
inner_cs = cs


# 初始化图表区
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8),
                 facecolor=\'cornsilk\'
                )

# 绘制外层圆环
wedges1, texts1, autotexts1 = plt.pie(x=weight1,
                                      autopct=\'%3.1f%%\',
                                      radius=1,
                                      pctdistance=0.85,
                                      startangle=90,
                                      counterclock=False,
                                      colors=outer_cs,
                                      # 锲形块边界属性字典
                                      wedgeprops={\'edgecolor\': \'white\',
                                                  \'linewidth\': 1,
                                                  \'linestyle\': \'-\'
                                                  },
                                      # 锲形块标签文本和数据标注文本的字体属性
                                      textprops=dict(color=\'k\',  #  字体颜色
                                                     fontsize=14,
                                                     family=\'Arial\'               
                                                     )
                                     )

# 绘制中心空白区域
plt.pie(x=[1],
        radius=0.6,
        colors=[fig.get_facecolor()]
       )

# 设置图例
plt.legend(handles=wedges1,
           loc=\'best\',
           labels=elements,
           title=\'配料表\',
           facecolor = fig.get_facecolor(),    # 图例框的填充颜色
           edgecolor=\'darkgray\',
           fontsize=12        
          )

plt.title(s=\'果酱面包的配料表占比\',
          color=\'blue\',
          size=15,
          weight=\'bold\'
         );

图形：

 

3、内嵌圆环形饼图

# 配置字体，显示中文
mpl.rcParams[\'font.sans-serif\'] = [\'SimHei\']  
# 配置坐标轴刻度值模式，显示负号
mpl.rcParams[\'axes.unicode_minus\'] = False

# 定义数据
elements = [\'面粉\', \'砂糖\', \'牛奶\', \'草莓酱\', \'坚果\']
weight1 = [40, 15, 20, 10, 15]
weight2 = [30, 25, 15, 20, 10]
cs = [\'red\', \'orange\', \'yellow\', \'green\', \'cyan\']

# 对数据进行排序
x = list(zip(elements, weight1, weight2, cs))
x.sort(key=lambda e: e[1], reverse=True)
[elements, weight1, weight2, cs] = list(zip(*x))

# 初始化图表区
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8),
                 facecolor=\'cornsilk\'
                )

# 绘制外层圆环
wedges1, texts1, autotexts1 = plt.pie(x=weight1,
                                      autopct=\'%3.1f%%\',
                                      radius=1,
                                      pctdistance=0.85,
                                      startangle=90,
                                      counterclock=False,
                                      colors=cs,
                                      # 锲形块边界属性字典
                                      wedgeprops={\'edgecolor\': \'white\',
                                                  \'linewidth\': 1,
                                                  \'linestyle\': \'-\'
                                                  },
                                      # 锲形块标签文本和数据标注文本的字体属性
                                      textprops=dict(color=\'k\',  #  字体颜色
                                                     fontsize=14,
                                                     family=\'Arial\'               
                                                     )
                                     )

# 绘制内层圆环
wedges2, texts2, autotexts2 = plt.pie(x=weight2,
                                      autopct=\'%3.1f%%\',
                                      radius=0.7,
                                      pctdistance=0.75,
                                      startangle=90,
                                      counterclock=False,
                                      colors=inner_cs,
                                      # 锲形块边界属性字典
                                      wedgeprops={\'edgecolor\': \'white\',
                                                  \'linewidth\': 1,
                                                  \'linestyle\': \'-\'
                                                  },
                                      # 锲形块标签文本和数据标注文本的字体属性
                                      textprops=dict(color=\'k\',  #  字体颜色
                                                     fontsize=14,
                                                     family=\'Arial\'
                                                     )
                                     )

# 绘制中心空白区域
plt.pie(x=[1],
        radius=0.4,
        colors=[fig.get_facecolor()]
       )

# 设置图例
plt.legend(handles=wedges1,
           loc=\'best\',
           labels=elements,
           title=\'配料表\',
           facecolor = fig.get_facecolor(),    # 图例框的填充颜色
           edgecolor=\'darkgray\',
           fontsize=12        
          )

plt.title(s=\'不同果酱面包的配料表比较\',
          color=\'blue\',
          size=15,
          weight=\'bold\'
         );

图形：