利用python爬取贝壳网租房信息

最近准备换房子，在网站上寻找各种房源信息，看得眼花缭乱，于是想着能否将基本信息汇总起来便于查找，便用python将基本信息爬下来放到excel，这样一来就容易搜索了。

1. 利用lxml中的xpath提取信息

xpath是一门在 xml文档中查找信息的语言，xpath可用来在 xml 文档中对元素和属性进行遍历。对比正则表达式 re两者可以完成同样的工作，实现的功能也差不多，但xpath明显比re具有优势。具有如下优点：(1)可在xml中查找信息；(2)支持html的查找；(3)通过元素和属性进行导航

2. 利用xlsxwriter模块将信息保存只excel

xlsxwriter是操作excel的库，可以帮助我们高效快速的，大批量的，自动化的操作excel。它可以写数据，画图，完成大部分常用的excel操作。缺点是xlsxwriter 只能创建新文件，不可以修改原有文件，如果创建新文件时与原有文件同名，则会覆盖原有文件。

3. 爬取思路

观察发现贝壳网租房信息总共是100页，我们可以分每页获取到html代码，然后提取需要的信息保存至字典，将所有页面的信息汇总，最后将字典数据写入excel。

4. 爬虫源代码

# @Author: Rainbowhhy
# @Date  : 19-6-25 下午6:35


import requests
import time
from lxml import etree
import xlsxwriter


def get_html(page):
    """获取网站html代码"""
    url = "https://bj.zu.ke.com/zufang/pg{}/#contentList".format(page)
    headers = {
        \'user-agent\': \'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36\'
    }
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers).text
    return response


def parse_html(htmlcode, data):
    """解析html代码"""
    content = etree.HTML(htmlcode)
    results = content.xpath(\'///div[@class="content__article"]/div[1]/div\')
    for result in results[:]:
        community = result.xpath(\'./div[1]/p[@class="content__list--item--title twoline"]/a/text()\')[0].replace(\'\n\',
                                                                                                                \'\').strip().split()[
            0]
        address = "-".join(result.xpath(\'./div/p[@class="content__list--item--des"]/a/text()\'))
        landlord = result.xpath(\'./div/p[@class="content__list--item--brand oneline"]/text()\')[0].replace(\'\n\',
                                                                                                          \'\').strip() if len(
            result.xpath(\'./div/p[@class="content__list--item--brand oneline"]/text()\')) > 0 else ""
        postime = result.xpath(\'./div/p[@class="content__list--item--time oneline"]/text()\')[0]
        introduction = ",".join(result.xpath(\'./div/p[@class="content__list--item--bottom oneline"]/i/text()\'))
        price = result.xpath(\'./div/span/em/text()\')[0]
        description = "".join(result.xpath(\'./div/p[2]/text()\')).replace(\'\n\', \'\').replace(\'-\', \'\').strip().split()
        area = description[0]
        count = len(description)
        if count == 6:
            orientation = description[1] + description[2] + description[3] + description[4]
        elif count == 5:
            orientation = description[1] + description[2] + description[3]
        elif count == 4:
            orientation = description[1] + description[2]
        elif count == 3:
            orientation = description[1]
        else:
            orientation = ""
        pattern = description[-1]
        floor = "".join(result.xpath(\'./div/p[2]/span/text()\')[1].replace(\'\n\', \'\').strip().split()).strip() if len(
            result.xpath(\'./div/p[2]/span/text()\')) > 1 else ""
        date_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime())
        """数据存入字典"""
        data_dict = {
            "community": community,
            "address": address,
            "landlord": landlord,
            "postime": postime,
            "introduction": introduction,
            "price": \'￥\' + price,
            "area": area,
            "orientation": orientation,
            "pattern": pattern,
            "floor": floor,
            "date_time": date_time
        }

        data.append(data_dict)


def excel_storage(response):
    """将字典数据写入excel"""
    workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(\'./beikeHouse.xlsx\')
    worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
    """设置标题加粗"""
    bold_format = workbook.add_format({\'bold\': True})
    worksheet.write(\'A1\', \'小区名称\', bold_format)
    worksheet.write(\'B1\', \'租房地址\', bold_format)
    worksheet.write(\'C1\', \'房屋来源\', bold_format)
    worksheet.write(\'D1\', \'发布时间\', bold_format)
    worksheet.write(\'E1\', \'租房说明\', bold_format)
    worksheet.write(\'F1\', \'房屋价格\', bold_format)
    worksheet.write(\'G1\', \'房屋面积\', bold_format)
    worksheet.write(\'H1\', \'房屋朝向\', bold_format)
    worksheet.write(\'I1\', \'房屋户型\', bold_format)
    worksheet.write(\'J1\', \'房屋楼层\', bold_format)
    worksheet.write(\'K1\', \'查看日期\', bold_format)

    row = 1
    col = 0
    for item in response:
        worksheet.write_string(row, col, item[\'community\'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 1, item[\'address\'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 2, item[\'landlord\'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 3, item[\'postime\'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 4, item[\'introduction\'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 5, item[\'price\'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 6, item[\'area\'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 7, item[\'orientation\'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 8, item[\'pattern\'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 9, item[\'floor\'])
        worksheet.write_string(row, col + 10, item[\'date_time\'])
        row += 1
    workbook.close()


def main():
    all_datas = []
    """网站总共100页，循环100次"""
    for page in range(1, 100):
        html = get_html(page)
        parse_html(html, all_datas)
    excel_storage(all_datas)


if __name__ == \'__main__\':
    main()

5. 信息截图

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利用python爬取贝壳网租房信息

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