CCNA学习笔记10--静态路由(包括三个实验) - Erica程

时间:2024-03-02 21:05:56

CCNA学习笔记10--静态路由(包括三个实验)

1.什么是路由?
如果两个网络之间需要访问,那么就需要路由


2.路由的功能?
选路
转发

3.静态路由的实验一
实验拓扑:

实验目的:
练习静态路由,使1.1.1.1能ping通2.2.2.2。
实验操作:

① 配置基本配置

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#enable password cisco

Router(config)#no ip domain lookup

Router(config)#line console 0

Router(config-line)#password cisco

Router(config-line)#logging synchronous

Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

Router(config-line)#exit

Router(config)#line vty 0 4

Router(config-line)#password cisco

Router(config-line)#logging synchronous

Router(config-line)#exit

Router(config)#hostname R1

R1(config)#^Z

R1#wr

Building configuration...

[OK]

② 环回口和接口配置IP 地址

R1(config)#interface loopback 0

R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config)#interface ethernet 0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

③配置静态路由

R1(config)#ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.2

R1(config)#do show ip route

      1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        1.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0

L        1.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback0

      2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S        2.2.2.0 [1/0] via 10.0.12.2

      10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        10.0.12.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

L        10.0.12.1/32 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0

R2(config)#ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.1

解释说明:

第一列:描述的该条路由通过什么方式学习到的。

第二例:目的网络

第三列:【1/0】【AD/Metric

第四列:via下一跳

第五列:出接口

测试

R1#ping 2.2.2.2 source 1.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 1.1.1.1

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/4/5 ms      

 解释说明:AD和Meric
AD:管理距离,每个不同的路由获取方式(不同的路由协议),有不同的AD 值。
AD和Meric是路有选择需要用到的值,如果有两条目的网络相同的路由,那么选择AD小的走。如果AD值一样,选择Meric小的。

AD

路由协议

AD

直连路由

0

静态路由

1

RIP

120

OSPF

110

EIGRP

90

 

Meric

路由协议

Meric的计算方式

直连路由

0

静态路由

0

RIP

基于跳数

OSPF

基于带宽

EIGRP

基于带宽,延迟,可靠性,负载,MTU(思科私有协议)

例:
10.0.12.0/24[100/10]
10.0.12.0/24[10/100000000]------将选择这一条
例:
10.0.12.0/24[100/10]
10.0.12.0/24[100/10]
两条一模一样,实现负载均衡
例:
10.0.0.0/8  [10/100]
10.1.0.0/16  [10/50]
10.1.1.0/24  [50/100]
10.1.1.1/32  [30/10]------将选择这一条
不同网络之间的选路:最长掩码匹配原则
如果路由表中有多条路由能把数据送到目的地,那么选择掩码最长的

4.静态路由的实验二
实验拓扑:

实验目的:
充分练习静态路由的配置
实验步骤:

①配上基本配置

Router>

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#enable password cisco

Router(config)#no ip domain lookup

Router(config)#line console 0

Router(config-line)#password cisco

Router(config-line)#logging synchronous

Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

Router(config-line)#exit

Router(config)#line vty 0 4

Router(config-line)#password cisco

Router(config-line)#logging synchronous

Router(config-line)#exit

Router(config)#hostname R3

R3(config)#^Z

R3#wr

*May 20 09:18:25.131: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

R3#wr

Building configuration...

[OK]

②配置各端口和环回口的IP地址

R3(config)#interface loopback 0

R3(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config)#interface ethernet 0/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

③配置静态路由

R3(config)# ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.2

R3(config)#ip route 10.0.23.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.2

R3(config)#ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.2

R4(config)#ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.23.3

R5(config)#ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.23.2

R5(config)#ip route 10.0.12.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.23.2

R4(config)#ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.1

R5(config)#ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.23.2

④测试

R3#ping 2.2.2.2 source 1.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 1.1.1.1

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

 

R3#ping 10.0.23.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.23.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

 

R3#ping 10.0.23.3 source 1.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.23.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 1.1.1.1

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

 

R3#ping 3.3.3.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/2 ms

 

R3#ping 3.3.3.3 source 1.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 1.1.1.1

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

5.静态路由的实验三
实验拓扑:

 实验目的:
进一步练习静态路由
实验步骤:

 

① 基本配置

② 每个端口和本地环回口配置ip地址

③ 配置静态路由

R6(config)#ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.2

R6(config)#ip route 10.0.23.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.2

R6(config)#ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.2

R6(config)#ip route 10.0.34.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.2

R6(config)#ip route 4.4.4.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.2

 

R7(config)#ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.23.3

R7(config)#ip route 10.0.34.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.23.3

R7(config)#ip route 4.4.4.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.23.3

R7(config)#ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.1

 

R8(config)#ip route 4.4.4.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.34.4

R8(config)#ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.23.2

R8(config)#ip route 10.0.12.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.23.2

R8(config)#ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.23.2

 

R9(config)#ip route 3.3.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.34.3

R9(config)#ip route 10.0.23.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.34.3

R9(config)#ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.34.3

R9(config)#ip route 10.0.12.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.34.3

R9(config)#ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.34.3

4. 测试

R6#ping 4.4.4.4 source 1.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4.4.4.4, timeout is 2 seconds:

Packet sent with a source address of 1.1.1.1

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms