《PyTorch深度学习实践》第九讲多分类问题

时间:2024-03-01 07:05:07

一、

1、softmax的输入不需要再做非线性变换,也就是说softmax之前不再需要激活函数。softmax两个作用,如果在进行softmax前的input有负数,通过指数变换,得到正数。所有类的概率求和为1。

2、y的标签编码方式是one-hot。one-hot是只有一位是1,其他位为0。(但是标签的one-hot编码是算法完成的,算法的输入仍为原始标签)

损失函数loss为交叉熵损失函数。

3、多分类问题,标签y的类型是LongTensor。比如说0-9分类问题,如果y = torch.LongTensor([3]),对应的one-hot是[0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0].(这里要注意,如果使用了one-hot,标签y的类型是LongTensor,糖尿病数据集中的target的类型是FloatTensor)

 4、CrossEntropyLoss <==> LogSoftmax + NLLLoss。也就是说使用CrossEntropyLoss最后一层(线性层)是不需要做其他变化的;使用NLLLoss之前,需要对最后一层(线性层)先进行SoftMax处理,再进行log操作。

二、

1、第8讲 from torch.utils.data import Dataset,第9讲 from torchvision import datasets。该datasets里面init,getitem,len魔法函数已实现。

                  2、torch.max的返回值有两个,第一个是每一行的最大值是多少,第二个是每一行最大值的下标(索引)是多少。

import torch
from torchvision import transforms
from torchvision import datasets
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim

# prepare dataset

batch_size = 64
transform = transforms.Compose([transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))])  # 归一化,均值和方差

train_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='../dataset/mnist/', train=True, download=True, transform=transform)
train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, shuffle=True, batch_size=batch_size)
test_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='../dataset/mnist/', train=False, download=True, transform=transform)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_dataset, shuffle=False, batch_size=batch_size)


# design model using class


class Net(torch.nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Net, self).__init__()
        self.l1 = torch.nn.Linear(784, 512)
        self.l2 = torch.nn.Linear(512, 256)
        self.l3 = torch.nn.Linear(256, 128)
        self.l4 = torch.nn.Linear(128, 64)
        self.l5 = torch.nn.Linear(64, 10)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = x.view(-1, 784)  # -1其实就是自动获取mini_batch
        x = F.relu(self.l1(x))
        x = F.relu(self.l2(x))
        x = F.relu(self.l3(x))
        x = F.relu(self.l4(x))
        return self.l5(x)  # 最后一层不做激活,不进行非线性变换


model = Net()

# construct loss and optimizer
criterion = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.01, momentum=0.5)


# training cycle forward, backward, update


def train(epoch):
    running_loss = 0.0
    for batch_idx, data in enumerate(train_loader, 0):
        # 获得一个批次的数据和标签
        inputs, target = data
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        # 获得模型预测结果(64, 10)
        outputs = model(inputs)
        # 交叉熵代价函数outputs(64,10),target(64)
        loss = criterion(outputs, target)
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

        running_loss += loss.item()
        if batch_idx % 300 == 299:
            print('[%d, %5d] loss: %.3f' % (epoch + 1, batch_idx + 1, running_loss / 300))
            running_loss = 0.0


def test():
    correct = 0
    total = 0
    with torch.no_grad():
        for data in test_loader:
            images, labels = data
            outputs = model(images)
            _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, dim=1)  # dim = 1 列是第0个维度,行是第1个维度
            total += labels.size(0)
            correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()  # 张量之间的比较运算
    print('accuracy on test set: %d %% ' % (100 * correct / total))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    for epoch in range(10):
        train(epoch)
        test()

结果: