spring框架应用系列四:切面编程(环绕通知与前后置通知区别)

时间:2023-04-22 19:07:56

切面编程(环绕通知与前后置通知区别)

本文系作者原创,转载请注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/further-further-further/p/7867034.html

解决问题

1、拥有前置通知和后置通知的功能,并能解决前置通知和后置通知在共享信息方面的不足(例如:统计切点方法执行时间);

2、在多线程并发条件下,能保证线程安全(因为在一个方法内定义的局部变量);

3、解决代码重复性,降低代码复杂程度;

内容说明

1、以下会给出前置通知、后置通知与环绕通知实例(观众观看表演),通过对比更能理解彼此之间的区别;

2、两者都通过@Component注解,扫描(Audience,Juggler)bean并注册到spring容器中时,需在XML配置文件中引入component-scan(前后置通知:<context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.example.aspectAspectJNoArgs"/> 环绕通知:<context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.example.aspectAround"/>)

3、切面是观众(Audience),切点是节目表演(Performance.perform())
       前置通知:在节目表演之前,观众就坐(调用Audience的takeSeats方法),并关掉手机(调用Audience的turnOffCellPhones方法);
       后置通知:在节目表演结束,观众鼓掌(调用Audience的applaud方法);
       异常通知:节目表演出现异常,观众要求退票(调用Audience的demandRefund方法);

环绕通知:其他与上面相同,只是在节目表演开始与结束时打印时间,统计节目表演时长;

4、通过执行Juggler的perform方法,从而执行切面Audience中相应的方法,达到通知的效果;

应用实例:观众观看表演所做出的相应行为

先列出相关接口以及类代码

节目表演接口(切点方法)

 package com.spring.example.aspectAround;

 /**
* Created by weixw on 2017/11/16.
*/
public interface Performer { void perform();
}

切点类实现接口Juggler

 package com.spring.example.aspectAround;

 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

 /**
* Created by weixw on 2017/11/16.
*/
@Component
public class Juggler implements Performer {
private int beanBags = 3;
public Juggler(){ }
public Juggler(int beanBags){
this.beanBags = beanBags ;
}
@Override
public void perform() {
System.out.println("JUGGLING "+ beanBags + " BEANBAGS");
try {
Thread.sleep(1);
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
} }

上述代码都能共用,下面分别列举前后置通知与环绕通知区别代码

前后置通知(通过AspectJ注解实现,注意:<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>不能少,它实现了切面相关方法绑定在切点上,切点方法执行就能触发相应通知)

XML配置文件:spring/aspect-aspectJnoArgs.xml(放在spring文件夹下)

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!--使用前置通知和后置通知唯一方式:在前置通知中记录开始时间,并在后置通知中报告表演耗费的时长,必须保存开始时间。因为Audience是单例,如果像这样保-->
<!--存状态,会存在线程安全问题;-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.example.aspectAspectJNoArgs"/>
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
</beans>

前后置通知切面实现类

 package com.spring.example.aspectAspectJNoArgs;

 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /**
* Created by weixw on 2017/11/16.
* 通过AspectJ注解实现切面编程
* 切点方法 id 默认是所依赖方法(public void performance(){})的小写方法名performance
*/ @Component
@Aspect
public class Audience {
@Pointcut("execution(* com.spring.example.aspectAspectJNoArgs.Performer.perform(..))") //定义切点
public void performance(){}
@Before("performance()")//表演之前
public void takeSeats(){
System.out.println("The audience is taking their seats.");
}
@Before("performance()")//表演之前
public void turnOffCellPhones(){
System.out.println("The audience is turning off their cellphones.");
}
@AfterReturning("performance()")//表演之后
public void applaud(){
System.out.println("CLAP CLAP CLAP CLAP CLAP ");
}
@AfterThrowing("performance()") //表演失败之后
public void demandRefund(){
System.out.println("Boo! We want our money back!");
}
}

环绕通知

XML配置文件:spring/aspect-around.xml(放在spring文件夹下)

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!--前置通知和后置通知是在一个方法中实现,所以不需要保存变量值,自然是线程安全的;--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.example.aspectAround"/>
<!--通过component-scan自动扫描,@Component注解将Magician注册到spring容器-->
<aop:config>
<!--audience :切面 watchPerformance:切面方法 performance:切点-->
<aop:aspect ref="audience">
<aop:pointcut id="performance" expression="execution(* com.spring.example.aspectAround.Performer.perform(..))"/>
<aop:around pointcut-ref="performance" method="watchPerformance" />
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
</beans>

环绕通知切面实现类

 package com.spring.example.aspectAround;

 import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /**
* Created by weixw on 2017/11/16.
*/
@Component
public class Audience {
public void takeSeats(){
System.out.println("The audience is taking their seats.");
}
public void turnOffCellPhones(){
System.out.println("The audience is turning off their cellphones.");
}
public void applaud(){
System.out.println("CLAP CLAP CLAP CLAP CLAP");
}
public void demandRefund(){
System.out.println("Boo! We want our money back!");
} public void watchPerformance(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint){
try{
takeSeats(); //表演之前
turnOffCellPhones(); //表演之前
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("The performance start ......");//节目开始
joinPoint.proceed(); //执行被通知的方法
System.out.println("The performance end ......");//节目结束
long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); //表演之后
applaud();//表演之后
System.out.println("The performance took milliseconds:"+ (end - start) );//表演时长
}catch (Throwable t){
demandRefund(); //表演失败之后
}
}
}

测试代码

环绕通知测试代码如下,前后置通知测试代码只需将配置文件名称改成spring/aspect-aspectJnoArgs.xml即可

 package com.spring.example.aspectAround;/**
* Created by weixw on 2017/11/16.
*/ import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class Driver extends Application { public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
} @Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
try { ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring/aspect-around.xml");
Performer performer = (Performer) ctx.getBean("juggler");
performer.perform(); }catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

运行结果

环绕通知结果:

spring框架应用系列四:切面编程(环绕通知与前后置通知区别)

前后置通知结果:

spring框架应用系列四:切面编程(环绕通知与前后置通知区别)

总结

上述列出前后置通知和环绕通知样例。对于有变量缓存需求,线程安全的应用场景,前后置通知实现比较困难,而环绕通知实现就非常容易;

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