Spring学习(十五)----- Spring AOP通知实例 – Advice

时间:2023-04-08 15:02:26
Spring AOP(面向方面编程)框架,用于在模块化方面的横切关注点。简单得说,它只是一个拦截器拦截一些过程,例如,当一个方法执行,Spring AOP 可以劫持一个执行的方法,在方法执行之前或之后添加额外的功能。
在Spring AOP中,有 4 种类型通知(advices)的支持:
  • 通知(Advice)之前 - 该方法执行前运行.                                               (实现 MethodBeforeAdvice接口)
  • 通知(Advice)返回之后 – 运行后,该方法返回一个结果                       (实现AfterReturningAdvice接口)
  • 通知(Advice)抛出之后 – 运行方法抛出异常后,                                  (实现ThrowsAdvice接口,并创建一个afterThrowing方法拦截)
  • 环绕通知 – 环绕方法执行运行,结合以上这三个通知。                      (实现MethodInterceptor接口;必须调用“methodInvocation.proceed();)
下面的例子显示Spring AOP 通知如何工作。
简单的 Spring 例子
创建一个简单的客户服务类及一个print方法作为演示。
package com.yiibai.customer.services;

public class CustomerService {
private String name;
private String url; public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} public void setUrl(String url) {
this.url = url;
} public void printName() {
System.out.println("Customer name : " + this.name);
} public void printURL() {
System.out.println("Customer website : " + this.url);
} public void printThrowException() {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
} }

File : applicationContext.xml – 一个bean配置文件

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="customerService" class="com.yiibai.customer.services.CustomerService">
<property name="name" value="YiiBaii Mook Kim" />
<property name="url" value="http://www.yiibai.com" />
</bean> </beans>

执行它

package com.yiibai.common;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import com.yiibai.customer.services.CustomerService; public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
new String[] { "Spring-Customer.xml" }); CustomerService cust = (CustomerService) appContext.getBean("customerService"); System.out.println("*************************");
cust.printName();
System.out.println("*************************");
cust.printURL();
System.out.println("*************************");
try {
cust.printThrowException();
} catch (Exception e) { } }
}

输出

*************************
Customer name : Yiibai Mook Kim
*************************
Customer website : http://www.yiibai.com
*************************
一个简单的Spring项目用来注入(DI)bean和输出一些字符串。

Spring AOP 通知

现在,附加 Spring AOP 建议到上述的客户服务。

1. 之前通知

它会在方法执行之前执行。创建一个实现 MethodBeforeAdvice 接口的类。
package com.yiibai.aop;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice; public class HijackBeforeMethod implements MethodBeforeAdvice
{
@Override
public void before(Method method, Object[] args, Object target)
throws Throwable {
System.out.println("HijackBeforeMethod : Before method hijacked!");
}
}
在 bean 配置文件(applicationContext.xml),创建一个 bean 的 HijackBeforeMethod 类,并命名为“customerServiceProxy” 作为一个新的代理对象。
  • ‘target’ – 定义你想拦截的bean。
  • ‘interceptorNames’ – 定义要应用这个代理/目标对象的类(通知)。
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="customerService" class="com.yiibai.customer.services.CustomerService">
<property name="name" value="Yiibai Mook Kim" />
<property name="url" value="http://www.yiibai.com" />
</bean> <bean id="hijackBeforeMethodBean" class="com.yiibai.aop.HijackBeforeMethod" /> <bean id="customerServiceProxy"
class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean"> <property name="target" ref="customerService" /> <property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>hijackBeforeMethodBean</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
再次运行它,现在得到新的 customerServiceProxy bean,而不是原来的CustomerService bean。
package com.yiibai.common;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.yiibai.customer.services.CustomerService; public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
new String[] { "Spring-Customer.xml" }); CustomerService cust =
(CustomerService) appContext.getBean("customerServiceProxy"); System.out.println("*************************");
cust.printName();
System.out.println("*************************");
cust.printURL();
System.out.println("*************************");
try {
cust.printThrowException();
} catch (Exception e) { } }
}

输出结果

*************************
HijackBeforeMethod : Before method hijacked!
Customer name : Yiibai Mook Kim
*************************
HijackBeforeMethod : Before method hijacked!
Customer website : http://www.yiibai.com
*************************
HijackBeforeMethod : Before method hijacked!
它将运行 HijackBeforeMethod 的 before() 方法,在每个 CustomerService 的方法之前执行。
2.返回后通知
该方法返回一个结果之后它将执行。创建一个实现AfterReturningAdvice接口的类。
package com.yiibai.aop;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice; public class HijackAfterMethod implements AfterReturningAdvice
{
@Override
public void afterReturning(Object returnValue, Method method,
Object[] args, Object target) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("HijackAfterMethod : After method hijacked!");
}
}
bean配置文件
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="customerService" class="com.yiibai.customer.services.CustomerService">
<property name="name" value="Yong Mook Kim" />
<property name="url" value="http://www.yiibai.com" />
</bean> <bean id="hijackAfterMethodBean" class="com.yiibai.aop.HijackAfterMethod" /> <bean id="customerServiceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean"> <property name="target" ref="customerService" /> <property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>hijackAfterMethodBean</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
再次运行,输出
*************************
Customer name : Yiibai Mook Kim
HijackAfterMethod : After method hijacked!
*************************
Customer website : http://www.yiibai.com
HijackAfterMethod : After method hijacked!
*************************
它将运行 HijackAfterMethod 的 afterReturning()方法,在每次 CustomerService 方法返回结果之后。
3.抛出后通知
它将在执行方法抛出一个异常后。创建一个实现ThrowsAdvice接口的类,并创建一个afterThrowing方法拦截抛出:IllegalArgumentException异常。
package com.yiibai.aop;

import org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice;

public class HijackThrowException implements ThrowsAdvice {
public void afterThrowing(IllegalArgumentException e) throws Throwable {//afterThrowing:不能修改;IllegalArgumentException:捕获什么异常就发什么异常类型(Throwable:捕获任何异常);
System.out.println("HijackThrowException : Throw exception hijacked!");
}
}
bean配置文件
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="customerService" class="com.yiibai.customer.services.CustomerService">
<property name="name" value="Yong Mook Kim" />
<property name="url" value="http://www.yiibai.com" />
</bean> <bean id="hijackThrowExceptionBean" class="com.yiibai.aop.HijackThrowException" /> <bean id="customerServiceProxy"
class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean"> <property name="target" ref="customerService" /> <property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>hijackThrowExceptionBean</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>

再次运行,输出
*************************
Customer name : Yiibai Mook Kim
*************************
Customer website : http://www.yiibai.com
*************************
HijackThrowException : Throw exception hijacked!
它将运行 HijackThrowException 的 afterThrowing()方法,如果 CustomerService 的方法抛出异常。
4.环绕通知

它结合了上面的三个通知,在方法执行过程中执行。创建一个实现了MethodInterceptor接口的类。必须调用“methodInvocation.proceed();” 继续在原来的方法执行,否则原来的方法将不会执行。

package com.yiibai.aop;

import java.util.Arrays;

import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation; public class HijackAroundMethod implements MethodInterceptor { //MethodInterceptor :方法拦截器
@Override
public Object invoke(MethodInvocation methodInvocation) throws Throwable { System.out.println("Method name : "
+ methodInvocation.getMethod().getName());
System.out.println("Method arguments : "
+ Arrays.toString(methodInvocation.getArguments())); // same with MethodBeforeAdvice
System.out.println("HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked!"); try {
// proceed to original method call
Object result = methodInvocation.proceed(); // same with AfterReturningAdvice
System.out.println("HijackAroundMethod : Before after hijacked!"); return result; } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
// same with ThrowsAdvice
System.out.println("HijackAroundMethod : Throw exception hijacked!");
throw e;
}
}
}
bean配置文件
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="customerService" class="com.yiibai.customer.services.CustomerService">
<property name="name" value="Yong Mook Kim" />
<property name="url" value="http://www.yiibai.com" />
</bean> <bean id="hijackAroundMethodBean" class="com.yiibai.aop.HijackAroundMethod" /> <bean id="customerServiceProxy"
class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean"> <property name="target" ref="customerService" /> <property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>hijackAroundMethodBean</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
再次运行,输出
*************************
Method name : printName
Method arguments : []
HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked!
Customer name : YiiBai Mook Kim
HijackAroundMethod : Before after hijacked!
*************************
Method name : printURL
Method arguments : []
HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked!
Customer website : http://www.yiibai.com
HijackAroundMethod : Before after hijacked!
*************************
Method name : printThrowException
Method arguments : []
HijackAroundMethod : Before method hijacked!
HijackAroundMethod : Throw exception hijacked!

它将运行HijackAroundMethod 的 invoke()方法,在每一个 CustomerService 方法执行后。