【Linux】Ubuntu的gnome切换KDE Plasma-安装KDE Plasma桌面环境

时间:2024-01-25 20:07:15

添加软件源并更新

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt update

apt安装kubuntu-desktop(作者没有成功)

作者尝试apt安装,被告知软件包依赖关系不满足。大家可以尝试一下。

han@han-ASUS-TUF-Gaming-F15-FX507ZR:~$ sudo  apt install  kubuntu-desktop
[sudo] password for han: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 software-properties-qt : Depends: python3-software-properties (= 0.99.22) but 0.99.22.9 is to be installed
 ubuntu-release-upgrader-qt : Depends: ubuntu-release-upgrader-core (= 1:22.04.10) but 1:22.04.17 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

aptitude安装kubuntu-desktop

aptitude命令与apt-get命令一样,都是Debian Linux及其衍生系统中功能极其强大的包管理工具。aptitude的优越之处在于处理依赖问题。举例来说,aptitude在删除一个包时,会同时删除本身所依赖的包。这样,系统中不会残留无用的包,整个系统更为干净。相对来说,更加推荐使用aptitude命令来代替apt-get,特别是在下载或者删除依赖包的时候,aptitude都要比 apt-get 更好。

  1. 先下载aptitude
sudo apt install aptitude
  1. 下载kubuntu-desktop
sudo aptitude install kubuntu-desktop

然后会自动分析解决方案,一路yes即可。这里可能会比较慢,需要耐心等待。

The following NEW packages will be installed:
  ark{a} baloo-kf5{a} cdrdao{a} cryfs{a} cryptsetup{a} cryptsetup-initramfs{a} dolphin{a} elisa{a} encfs{a} 
  ffmpegthumbs{a} genisoimage{a} geoip-database{a} gir1.2-udisks-2.0{a} go-mtpfs{a} gstreamer-qapt{a} gwenview{a} 
  haveged{a} kaccounts-integration{a} kamera{a} kate{a} kate5-data{a} kcalc{a} kde-config-tablet{a} 
  kde-config-whoopsie{a} kde-spectacle{a} kdegames-card-data-kf5{a} kdegames-mahjongg-data-kf5{a} 
  kdegraphics-thumbnailers{a} kdenetwork-filesharing{a} kimageformat-plugins{a} kio-audiocd{a} kio-fuse{a} kmahjongg{a} 
  kmines{a} konversation{a} konversation-data{a} kpat{a} krdc{a} kross{a} ksudoku{a} ksystemlog{a} ktorrent{a} 
  ktorrent-data{a} kubuntu-desktop{b} kubuntu-wallpapers{a} kubuntu-web-shortcuts{a} lame{a} libavfilter7{a} libavif13{a} 
  libbs2b0{a} libdolphinvcs5{a} libfreecell-solver0{a} libgav1-0{a} libgeoip1{a} libhavege2{a} libkcolorpicker0{a} 
  libkf5baloowidgets-bin{a} libkf5baloowidgets-data{a} libkf5baloowidgets5{a} libkf5cddb5{a} libkf5compactdisc5{a} 
  libkf5kdcraw5{a} libkf5kdegames-data{a} libkf5kdegames7{a} libkf5kdegamesprivate7{a} libkf5kmahjongglib5{a} 
  libkf5krosscore5{a} libkf5krossui5{a} libkf5plotting5{a} libkf5sane-data{a} libkf5sane5{a} libkf5torrent6abi1{a} 
  libkf5unitconversion-data{a} libkf5unitconversion5{a} libkimageannotator-common{a} libkimageannotator0{a} 
  libktorrent-l10n{a} libkuserfeedbackwidgets1{a} liblilv-0-0{a} libmusicbrainz5cc2v5{a} libneon27-gnutls{a} 
  libopenal-data{a} libopenal1{a} libperl4-corelibs-perl{a} libpocketsphinx3{a} libqt5script5{a} libqt5webkit5{a} 
  libqt5xmlpatterns5{a} libraw20{a} libreoffice-kf5{a} libreoffice-plasma{a} libreoffice-qt5{a} librubberband2{a} 
  libserd-0-0{a} libsignon-extension1{a} libsord-0-0{a} libsphinxbase3{a} libsratom-0-0{a} libtinyxml2-9{a} 
  libvidstab1.1{a} libyuv0{a} libzimg2{a} pastebinit{a} pavucontrol-qt{a} pavucontrol-qt-l10n{a} 
  plasma-calendar-addons{a} plasma-dataengines-addons{a} plasma-firewall{a} plasma-runners-addons{a} plasma-vault{a} 
  plasma-wallpapers-addons{a} plasma-widgets-addons{a} plasma-workspace-wallpapers{a} pocketsphinx-en-us{a} 
  print-manager{a} python3-dbus.mainloop.pyqt5{a} qapt-deb-installer{a} qml-module-org-kde-kaccounts{a} 
  qml-module-qtquick-xmllistmodel{a} sddm{a} sddm-theme-breeze{a} signon-kwallet-extension{a} signon-plugin-password{a} 
  signon-ui-service{a} signon-ui-x11{a} signond{a} skanlite{a} usb-creator-common{a} usb-creator-kde{a} 
0 packages upgraded, 129 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 207 MB of archives. After unpacking 402 MB will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 kubuntu-desktop : Depends: kubuntu-settings-desktop but it is not installable
                   Depends: software-properties-qt but it is not installable
                   Depends: ubuntu-release-upgrader-qt but it is not installable
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:

     Keep the following packages at their current version:
1)     kubuntu-desktop [Not Installed]                    



Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] y

多次aptitude install(特别重要特别重要)

在仅仅使用了一次aptitude install之后,kubuntu-desktop多半没有装好,一定要看看状态:

han@han-ASUS-TUF-Gaming-F15-FX507ZR:~$ aptitude show kubuntu-desktop
Package: kubuntu-desktop                 
Version: 1.418
State: not installed

我这里就没有装好,再次sudo aptitude install kubuntu-desktop尝试一下另外的方案,直到装好为止。

安装过程中会让你选择默认的显示管理器。如果您没有遇到,那就是没有安装好!!!

这里sddm和gdm3其实就是登录界面的区别。既然您都要安装kde了,就彻底一点,把登录界面也从gnome的gdm3改成sddm吧!

在这里插入图片描述

  1. 重启后,在登录界面就可以选择想使用的桌面环境了

在这里插入图片描述

其他kde软件包

除了kubuntu-desktop这个软件包,还有其他几个kde的软件包可供选择:

  1. KDE Full(完整版)
sudo apt install kde-full

kde-full 元软件包包含了完整的 KDE 应用程序、工具和小部件套件,提供了一个功能丰富而完整的桌面环境。kde-full 确保用户可以访问广泛的工具和应用程序,几乎涵盖了各种任务所需的功能,适用于希望获得全面沉浸式 KDE 体验的用户。

  1. KDE Standard(标准版)
sudo apt install kde-standard

kde-standard 元软件包在完整的 KDE Plasma 环境和更轻量级的设置之间取得了平衡。它包含了 KDE 的核心组件和基本应用程序,为用户提供了稳定和功能齐全的桌面环境。

它非常适合喜欢简化 KDE 体验、不需要多余附加功能的用户。该软件包确保了平滑高效的 Plasma 安装,同时保留了个性化定制和根据用户喜好添加特定软件的空间。

  1. KDE Plasma Desktop(KDE Plasma 桌面)
sudo apt install kde-plasma-desktop

如名称所示,kde-plasma-desktop 是安装 Plasma 桌面环境的基本元软件包。它提供了一个最小化的设置,仅包括 KDE Plasma 的核心组件,例如桌面 Shell、任务栏和系统设置。

该软件包非常适合希望从零开始,根据自己的特定需求和喜好,手动选择和安装额外应用程序和工具,来逐步构建 KDE Plasma 环境的用户。