Java爬虫系列之实战:爬取酷狗音乐网 TOP500 的歌曲

时间:2024-01-24 17:24:18

 

在前面分享的两篇随笔中分别介绍了HttpClient和Jsoup以及简单的代码案例:

今天就来实战下,用他们来抓取酷狗音乐网上的 Top500排行榜音乐。接下来的代码中除了会用到HttpClient和Jsoup之外,还会用到log4j和ehcache,分别用来记录日志和实现缓存,如果看官对这两个不是很熟悉的话,请自行百度,现在网上的入门实例有很多,我就不专门记笔记了。

 

那为什么会想到爬取酷狗音乐网呢?其实也不是我想到的,而是不久前看过某位大神的博客就是爬取酷狗的(具体哪位大神不记得了,见谅哈~~~),我也想用自己的代码试试,并且我看的博客里面好像没有用到缓存,也没有用到代理ip这种反反爬虫的工具,我会在我的爬虫程序里面补上,亲测能自动处理全部23页的歌曲(但是付费歌曲由于必须登录购买才能访问,因此未能下载到,只有其他的400+首非付费歌曲可以正常下载),所以酷狗网的工作人员不要担心哦~~~

话有又说回来了,在那篇博客出来后,也没见酷狗音乐去专门处理下,还能给我留下写这段代码的机会,说明人家酷狗不在乎,毕竟付费歌曲是不能爬取的,而且网站已经有了一定的反爬虫机制。

***************************************************************************

 声明:

本爬虫程序和程序爬取到的内容仅限个人学习交流使用,

请勿用于商业用途,否则后果自负

***************************************************************************

好,废话不多说,该上干货了~~

================很华丽的分割线=================

一、设计思路

首先说下思路,我看过的那篇博客没有把过程写详细,我就把它补充下吧:

1.点进去Top500排行榜,它的地址栏里面是:https://www.kugou.com/yy/rank/home/1-8888.html?from=homepage,而这个1其实就是页码,访问第N页就把1改成N就行,这个是我爬取的基础

2.点具体某首歌曲,比如《你的酒馆对我打了烊》,新打开页面:https://www.kugou.com/song/#hash=BE1E1D3C2A46B4CBD259ACA7FF050CD3&album_id=14913769

3.我们F12分析下网络请求(啥?打开F12没东西?大哥呀你不会再刷新下吗),

你会发现有个耗时很长的请求,而且类型是media,它很可能就是真正获取mp3的请求

仔细看,果然是的,mp3的真实地址是:http://fs.w.kugou.com/201905272134/9d4d81230e6f5c759df51618b03961a7/G126/M00/05/09/HocBAFxLAoeAT3BzAD1nWyW7V5M814.mp3

关掉页面,重新进入该页面,MP3的真是地址是:http://fs.w.kugou.com/201905272139/2897cc9816b82f4cda304d927187b282/G126/M00/05/09/HocBAFxLAoeAT3BzAD1nWyW7V5M814.mp3

根据这个看不出来啥

 

继续分析,那它是怎么找到这个真实地址的呢?应该是前面的某个请求里面获取到了真实地址,找前面的请求:

这个请求的response里面含有MP3的真实地址,

请求的request为:

https://wwwapi.kugou.com/yy/index.php?r=play/getdata&callback=jQuery19106506492572547629_1558964792005&hash=BE1E1D3C2A46B4CBD259ACA7FF050CD3&album_id=14913769&dfid=3LWatj1PQwvn09grkH3FbFAF&mid=31adc5218ff6a510b05aacad71bc7090&platid=4&_=1558964792007

退出重新获取一次,然后再退出换首歌再获取一下这个request,你会发现一些规律:

粉红色是歌曲播放页面地址栏里面的内容,加粗部分是日期的long值,其他的都可以不变(“jQuery19106506492572547629_1558964792005”虽然每次有变化,但是经过尝试,其实没有影响),

所以我们就可以通过请求这个链接来获取带有MP3真实地址的json,然后请求真实地址,从而获取音乐文件。

 

4.那粉红色部分的值怎么获取呢?查看top500的列表页的源码会发现有段内容,这个里面记录的第N页所有歌曲的hash值、歌曲名、id等基本信息

// 列表数据
global.features = [{"Hash":"BE1E1D3C2A46B4CBD259ACA7FF050CD3","FileName":"\u9648\u96ea\u51dd - \u4f60\u7684\u9152\u9986\u5bf9\u6211\u6253\u4e86\u70ca","timeLen":251.048,"privilege":10,"size":4024155,"album_id":14913769,"encrypt_id":"tlk6517"},{"Hash":"9198B18815EE8CE42AE368AE29276F78","FileName":"\u9648\u96ea\u51dd - \u7eff\u8272","timeLen":269.064,"privilege":10,"size":4314636,"album_id":15270740,"encrypt_id":"txskm8f"},{"Hash":"458E9B9F362277AC37E9EEF1CB80B535","FileName":"\u738b\u742a - \u4e07\u7231\u5343\u6069","timeLen":322.011,"privilege":10,"size":5152644,"album_id":18712576,"encrypt_id":"vsdz726"},{"Hash":"7E91FDE7E8D33E8ED11C6DB4620917E2","FileName":"\u5b64\u72ec\u8bd7\u4eba - \u6e21\u6211\u4e0d\u6e21\u5979","timeLen":182.23,"privilege":10,"size":2916145,"album_id":14624971,"encrypt_id":"th6cka5"},{"Hash":"9681F4CCD830B8436DB5F8218C7DF0C7","FileName":"\u864e\u4e8c - \u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5e78\u798f","timeLen":259.066,"privilege":10,"size":4155201,"album_id":12249679,"encrypt_id":"rniv71f"},{"Hash":"44ABEAA9CCE29AFB5C947D4FBD2C567F","FileName":"\u5927\u58ee - \u4f2a\u88c5","timeLen":301.004,"privilege":10,"size":4817151,"album_id":15999493,"encrypt_id":"u6n6i28"},{"Hash":"5FCE4CBCB96D6025033BCE2025FC3943","FileName":"\u5468\u6770\u4f26 - \u544a\u767d\u6c14\u7403","timeLen":215,"privilege":10,"size":3443771,"album_id":1645030,"encrypt_id":"d5c5m23"},{"Hash":"0A62227CAAB66F54D43EC084B4BDD81F","FileName":"\u5468\u6770\u4f26 - \u7a3b\u9999","timeLen":223.582,"privilege":10,"size":3577344,"album_id":960399,"encrypt_id":"74itc7"},{"Hash":"A11F7A8BD2EA5BBDB32F58A9081F27B4","FileName":"\u82b1\u59d0 - \u72c2\u6d6a","timeLen":181.037,"privilege":10,"size":2902317,"album_id":13476703,"encrypt_id":"sfzob9f"},{"Hash":"33EB8FE0DC9F70D9F7FE4CB77305D5A8","FileName":"\u6d77\u6765\u963f\u6728\u3001\u963f\u5477\u62c9\u53e4\u3001\u66f2\u6bd4\u963f\u4e14 - \u522b\u77e5\u5df1","timeLen":280.111,"privilege":10,"size":4482365,"album_id":16324799,"encrypt_id":"uajki71"},{"Hash":"76D04F195C1F081CC0CD027A310A7D9A","FileName":"\u738b\u742a - \u7ad9\u7740\u7b49\u4f60\u4e09\u5343\u5e74","timeLen":381.083,"privilege":10,"size":6109771,"album_id":13886090,"encrypt_id":"sunkg88"},{"Hash":"9C00A468D2658487DB2DE4ED16A12B5A","FileName":"\u738b\u8d30\u6d6a - \u50cf\u9c7c","timeLen":285.031,"privilege":10,"size":4565459,"album_id":13621986,"encrypt_id":"smhia84"},{"Hash":"4F76587A5B0B93EEF15883E54DD3E2DB","FileName":"\u6bdb\u4e0d\u6613 - \u6d88\u6101 (Live)","timeLen":179,"privilege":10,"size":2870658,"album_id":2900867,"encrypt_id":"gf96d56"},{"Hash":"8B7DF540F77042FB76DA1EE3A79EAE0A","FileName":"NCF-\u827e\u529b - \u9ece\u660e\u524d\u7684\u9ed1\u6697 (\u5973\u58f0\u7248)","timeLen":145.058,"privilege":10,"size":2329748,"album_id":17997426,"encrypt_id":"twhgf05"},{"Hash":"7A3269C36D07E88A24FB35D246856FA4","FileName":"Yusee\u897f - \u5fc3\u5982\u6b62\u6c34","timeLen":182.883,"privilege":10,"size":2926594,"album_id":19692772,"encrypt_id":"wd07h77"},{"Hash":"7995A2173ED0914868BB860F93C3D642","FileName":"\u9b4f\u65b0\u96e8 - \u4f59\u60c5\u672a\u4e86","timeLen":216.189,"privilege":10,"size":3459539,"album_id":20709823,"encrypt_id":"wnru4c8"},{"Hash":"D8E40DA7F51C0486224E008A3B6ABD45","FileName":"\u5154\u5b50\u7259 - \u5c0f\u767d\u5154\u9047\u4e0a\u5361\u5e03\u5947\u8bfa","timeLen":163.087,"privilege":10,"size":2622454,"album_id":12492325,"encrypt_id":"rrrbccf"},{"Hash":"D2462B148305FF7D990F3B6EB3F90D66","FileName":"\u5f20\u656c\u8f69 - \u53ea\u662f\u592a\u7231\u4f60","timeLen":254.302,"privilege":10,"size":4080941,"album_id":558311,"encrypt_id":"3f65bd"},{"Hash":"03FE01457005CEEF8627BE5E5313D230","FileName":"\u84dd\u4e03\u4e03 - \u9ece\u660e\u524d\u7684\u9ed1\u6697 (\u5973\u58f0\u7248)","timeLen":111.986,"privilege":10,"size":1792253,"album_id":19842582,"encrypt_id":"w8lwi96"},{"Hash":"96E064A41AB84EBE4C03C6AAE3CB9334","FileName":"\u5f20\u7d2b\u8c6a - \u53ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5","timeLen":240.093,"privilege":10,"size":3855453,"album_id":9618875,"encrypt_id":"mkt6v7f"},{"Hash":"5D6CCE061BD65404BF5669FDD26C40B1","FileName":"\u4e01\u8299\u59ae - \u53ea\u662f\u592a\u7231\u4f60","timeLen":247.797,"privilege":10,"size":3965342,"album_id":18231730,"encrypt_id":"vhrxi30"},{"Hash":"95B48A0894FC2198B6E2B93C034AAC72","FileName":"\u5468\u6770\u4f26 - \u9752\u82b1\u74f7","timeLen":239.046,"privilege":10,"size":3825206,"album_id":979856,"encrypt_id":"7a6sd6"}];

把这些信息获取后放到ehcache缓存,hash为key,album_id为value,循环单个歌曲的时候播放页也能获取到hash,然后根据hash到缓存里面取值即可

5.根据以上获取的信息就可以正常爬取文件了,但是在爬取了一段时间后会发现无法正常下载了,在log中看到请求不到MP3的真实地址, 返回的json报文里面error_code不为0,这个就是爬虫程序被网站识别了,这就要用到代理ip了,当被识别出后就换个代理ip,如此循环下去直到歌曲轮询完或代理ip被用完为止。

 

二、核心代码展示

有了思路之后,就可以写代码了,由于篇幅原因,这里只贴出部分核心代码,完整代码请在下面的gitee上获取

代码结构:

  1. 需要的依赖
    <!-- httpclient 抓取html -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
                <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
                <version>4.5.8</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- Jsoup 解析html-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.jsoup</groupId>
                <artifactId>jsoup</artifactId>
                <version>1.11.3</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- 用来下载歌曲,就不用自己写流操作了 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
                <version>2.6</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <!-- fastjson用来处理json -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.58</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- ehcache用作缓存 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
                <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
                <version>2.10.6</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- 引入slf4j-nop 纯粹是防止ehcache执行报错 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-nop</artifactId>
                <version>1.7.2</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- log4j作为日志系统 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.17</version>
            </dependency>

     

  2. 主类
    package com.sam.kugou.main;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
    import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
    import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;
    import org.jsoup.nodes.Element;
    import org.jsoup.select.Elements;
    
    import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
    import com.sam.kugou.utils.DownLoadMusic;
    import com.sam.kugou.utils.EhcacheUtil;
    import com.sam.kugou.utils.HttpClientUtil;
    
    public class KugouSpiderMain {
    
        static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(KugouSpiderMain.class);
        
        static String URL_TEMP = "https://www.kugou.com/yy/rank/home/PAGE_NUM-8888.html?from=homepage";
        public static final int SLEEP_TIME_WHEN_DENY = 1000*60*60;//被网站识别后睡眠时间
        public static final int SPIDER_DURING = 1;//隔多久爬取下一首,单位:ms
        public static final String DIR_NAME = "E:\\personal\\音乐\\酷狗\\";//音乐下载地址
        
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            
            //酷狗TOP500页面
            try {
                for (int i = 1; i <= 23; i++) {
                    String url = URL_TEMP;
                    url = url.replace("PAGE_NUM", i + "");
                    /**
                     * 1.请求歌曲列表
                     */
                    logger.info(url);
                    String html = HttpClientUtil.getHtml(url);
                    logger.debug(html);
                    
                    /**
                     * 2.获取该页的hash和id 放到缓存
                     */
                    
                    int beginIdx = html.indexOf("global.features = ");
                    int endIdx = html.indexOf("];", beginIdx);
                    String features = html.substring(beginIdx, endIdx + 1).replace("global.features = ", "");
                    logger.info("containingOwnText >>>>>> " + features);
                    
                    List<JSONObject> list = JSONObject.parseArray(features, JSONObject.class);
                    for (JSONObject jsonObject : list) {
                        String hash = (String) jsonObject.get("Hash");
                        Integer albumId = (Integer) jsonObject.get("album_id");
                        EhcacheUtil.setCache(hash, albumId);
                    }
                    
                    /**
                     * 3.解析列表内容
                     */
                    Document doc = Jsoup.parse(html);
                    Elements songList = doc.select(".pc_temp_songlist ul li a");
                    for (Element element : songList) {
                        
                        String title = element.attr("title");
                        String href = element.attr("href");
                        
                        if(href.contains("https")) {
                            try {
                                Thread.sleep(SPIDER_DURING);
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                logger.error(e.getMessage());
                            }
                            logger.info("title " + title +" >>> href " + href);
                            DownLoadMusic.requestMusic(title, href);
                        }
                    }
    
                }
            } catch(Exception ex) {
                logger.error(ex.getMessage(), ex);
            } finally {
                /***
                 * 4.关闭
                 */
                EhcacheUtil.shutDownManager();
            }
            
        }
    
    }

     

  3. 获取真实地址

     

  4. 执行下载
    public static void downLoad(String title, String url) {
            if(url == null || url.equals("")) {
                return ;
            }
            //已经完成的就不再重新下载
            Element finishedCache = EhcacheUtil.getFinishedCache(title);
            logger.debug("finishedCache >>>>> " + finishedCache);
            if(finishedCache != null) {
                logger.info("歌曲已经存在!!!");
                return;
            }
            String suffix = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf("."));
            try {
                HttpEntity httpEntity = HttpClientUtil.getHttpEntity(url);
                InputStream inputStream = httpEntity.getContent();
                String filePath = KugouSpiderMain.DIR_NAME+title+suffix;
                FileUtils.copyToFile(inputStream, new File(filePath));
                logger.info("***完成下载:***"+title+suffix);
                logger.info("***总歌曲数量:***"+(new File(KugouSpiderMain.DIR_NAME)).list().length);
                EhcacheUtil.setFinishedCache(url, title);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                logger.error(e.getMessage());
            }
        }

     

  5. 设置代理ip
    public static boolean setProxy() {
            // 1.创建一个httpClient
            CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
            String url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fate0/proxylist/master/proxy.list";
            try {
                response = doRequest(httpClient, url);
    
                logger.debug("getHtml " + url + "**处理结果:**" + response.getStatusLine());
                // 5.判断返回结果,200, 成功
                if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) {
                    HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();
                    String html = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity, "utf-8");
                    html = "["+html+"]";
                    List<JSONObject> list = JSONArray.parseArray(html, JSONObject.class);
                    for (JSONObject jsonObject : list) {
                        int port = Integer.valueOf(jsonObject.get("port").toString());
                        String host = jsonObject.get("host").toString();
                        logger.info(host + ":"+port);
                        if(isHostConnectable(host, port)) {//代理ip可以连接
                            Element ipsCache = EhcacheUtil.getProxyIpsCache(host, port);//代理ip未使用过
                            if(ipsCache == null) {
                                proxyIp = host;
                                proxyPort = port;
                                EhcacheUtil.setProxyIpsCache(host, port);
                                break;
                            } else {
                                logger.info("该代理ip已经使用过,切换下一个");
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
    
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.error(e.getMessage(),e);
                return false;
            } finally {
                // 关闭
                HttpClientUtils.closeQuietly(response);
                HttpClientUtils.closeQuietly(httpClient);
            }
            logger.info("切换代理ip成功:>>>" + proxyIp + ":" + proxyPort);
            return true;
        }

     

三、源码下载

 源码已经上传到我的gitee:

https://gitee.com/sam-uncle/kugou-spider

欢迎下载~~

 四、遗留问题

1.只能抓取到免费歌曲,对于收费歌曲不能抓取,其实我们也不该抓取

2.代码中为了方便用了很多static,不能支持多线程或并发抓取

3.其实代理IP那里可以优化的


声明:

本爬虫程序和程序爬取到的内容仅限个人学习交流使用,请勿用于商业用途,否则后果自负!!!谢谢