Python 文件夹及文件操作

import os
import os.path
from shutil import copy

def copyfile(src, dst):
    count = 1
    for filename in os.listdir(src):
        file = os.path.join(src,filename)
        copy(file, dst)
        count += 1
        #if count == 40000:
        #   break
    return

src = "/home/data/fac"
dst = "/home/data/ob/"
copyfile(src=src, dst=dst)

　　

　　

　　　　我们经常会与文件和目录打交道，对于这些操作，python可以使用 os 及 shutill 模块，其中包含了很多操作文件和目录的函数。

　　　　os 可以执行简单的文件夹及文件操作，引入用  import os，可用  help(os)  或是  dir(os)  查看其用法。注意有些函数在os模块中，有的是在os.path模块中。

　　　　shutil 模块提供了大量的文件的高级操作，特别针对文件拷贝和删除。主要功能为目录和文件操作以及压缩操作。须引入 import shutil  ，具体 help。本文仅介绍移动、复制及删除。

　　　　可先在 D:\ 下创建文件夹 Python_os ， 再在其下创建文件夹 os， 再在其下创建 test.txt；之后的示例会在该文件夹下操作

　　　　　　

　　判断路径或文件

　　　　os.path.isabs(...) 　　　　 # 判断是否绝对路径

　　　　os.path.exists(...)　　　　 # 判断是否真实存在

　　　　os.path.isdir(...)　　　　   # 判断是否是个目录

　　　　os.path.isfile(...)　　　　   # 判断是否是个文件

　　注意：   把两个路径合成一个时，不要直接拼字符串，而要通过 os.path.join(part1,part2) 函数，这样可以正确处理不同操作系统的路径分隔符。在Linux/Unix/Mac下，os.path.join()返回这样的字符串：    part1/part2

Try

　　　　　　而Windows下会返回这样的字符串：  part1\part2

 1 import os
 2 import shutil
 3
 4 file_dir = "D:\\Python_os\\os"                          # 注意 \\ ；windows 下是这么表示的；Linux 和 Mac 是 /
 5 file_name = "test.txt"
 6 file_abs = os.path.join(file_dir, file_name)            # os.path.join(...) 表示路径链接
 7
 8
 9 '''判断路径或文件'''
10 print (1,os.path.isabs(file_dir))                       # 判断是否绝对路径
11 print (2,os.path.isabs(file_name))
12 print (3,os.path.isabs(file_abs))
13 print (4,os.path.exists(file_abs))                      # 判断是否真实存在
14 print (5,os.path.exists(os.path.join(file_dir,"xxx")))
15 print (6,os.path.isdir(file_dir))                       # 判断是否是个目录
16 print (7,os.path.isdir(file_abs))
17 print (8,os.path.isfile(file_dir))                      # 判断是否是个文件
18 print (9,os.path.isfile(file_abs))        

　　　　　运行结果：  aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" />

　　路径名、文件名分隔

　　　　os.path.split(...)         　　 # 分隔目录和文件名/文件夹名

　　　　os.path.splitdrive(...)        # 分隔盘符(windows系统)

　　　　os.path.splitext(...)           # 分隔文件和扩展名

　　　　　　运行结果： 　aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" />

　　　　　　这些合并、拆分路径的函数并不要求目录和文件要真实存在，它们只对字符串进行操作。

　　工作目录及创建文件夹操作

　　　　os.getcwd() 　　　　  # 获取当前工作目录

　　　　os.chdir(...)　　　　   # 改变工作目录

　　　　os.listdir(...)　　　　  # 列出目录下的文件

　　　　os.mkdir(...)　　　　  # 创建单个目录    　　　　注意：创建多级用 os.makedirs()

　　　　os.makedirs(...)　　  # 创建多级目录

 1 import os
 2
 3 file_dir = "D:\\Python_os\\os"
 4
 5 print (os.getcwd())                                # 获取当前工作目录
 6 os.chdir(file_dir)                                 # 改变工作目录
 7 print (os.getcwd())
 8 print (os.listdir(file_dir))                       # 列出当前工作目录的所有文件 Python2 不支持 os.listdir()    Python3 会列出当前工作目录下的所有文件
 9 os.mkdir("test_mkdir")                             # 在当前工作目录下创建文件夹 test_mkdir；注意不可存在相同文件夹，不然会报错
10 os.makedirs("test_mkdir\\test1")
11 os.chdir(".\\test_mkdir")                          # . 表示本级目录； .. 表示上级目录
12 print (os.getcwd())
13 for i in range(2,6):                               # 使用for循环等，可方便的创建多个文件夹
14     dir_name = "test" + str(i)
15     os.mkdir(dir_name)    

　　　　在执行了上述实例代码后，os 文件夹中新建了空的 test_mkdir 文件夹，而 test_dir 文件夹下也新建出了 test1 至 test5 的空文件夹

　　　　　　

　　　　创建文件夹可能会出错，原因具体有：(1) path 已存在时(不管是文件还是文件夹)  (2) 驱动器不存在  (3) 磁盘已满  (4) 磁盘是只读的或没有写权限

　　　　文件的创建及操作参见下一章节

　　删除文件夹/文件

　　　　os.rmdir(...) 　　　　 　　    # 删除空文件夹                     注意：必须为空文件夹  如需删除文件夹及其下所有文件，需用 shutil

　　　　os.remove(...)                   # 删除单一文件

　　　　shutil.rmtree(...)               # 删除文件夹及其下所有文件

　　　　在上方示例的文件夹基础上，操作删除 test1 文件夹 （空文件夹可用 os.rmdir() ），删除 test_mkdir 及其下所有文件（）；示例代码如下

 1 import os
 2 import shutil
 3
 4 file_dir = "D:\\Python_os\\os"
 5
 6 ''' 删除文件/文件夹 '''
 7 os.chdir(file_dir+"\\test_mkdir")
 8 print(os.getcwd())                                    # 确保当前工作目录
 9 print(os.listdir(os.getcwd()))                        # 查看当前文件夹下所有文件
10 os.rmdir("test1")                                     # 删除 test1 文件夹（空文件夹）
11 print(os.listdir(os.getcwd()))
12 os.chdir("..\\")
13 print(os.getcwd())                                    # 切换到上级目录
14 print(os.listdir(os.getcwd()))
15 shutil.rmtree("test_mkdir")                           # 删除 test_mkdir 及其下所有文件

　　　　可见运行结果如下；产生异常的可能原因:  (1) 路径不存在 (2) 路径子目录中有文件或下级子目录（os.rmdir） (3) 没有操作权限或只读

　　　　　　

　　　　只是删除单一文件，则用   os.remove("test.txt")   即可；产生异常的可能原因:  (1) 文件不存在   (2) 对该文件没有操作权限或只读。

　　　　

　　重命名文件夹/文件

　　　　可对某一文件或文件夹重命名   os.rename(oldfileName, newFilename)

　　　　在os文件夹中新建文件夹 test，文件 test.txt　　　

1 ''' 重命名文件夹/文件 '''
2 os.chdir(file_dir)
3 print(os.listdir(os.getcwd()))
4 os.rename("test","test1")
5 os.rename("test.txt","test1.txt")                # 重命名，注意需要带扩展名
6 print(os.listdir(os.getcwd()))

　　　　可见运行结果如下；产生异常的可能原因:  (1) oldfilename 旧文件名不存在（文件须带扩展名）   (2)newFilename 新文件已经存在

　　　　

　　　　注意：新文件的扩展名不能遗漏，理论上需要保持类型一致；但这也不失为改文件类型的一种方式（相当于直接改文件的扩展名）

　　　　

　　复制、移动文件夹/文件

　　　　须使用 shutil 模块，引入 import shutil

　　　　shutil.copyfile("old","new") 　　　　  # 复制文件，都只能是文件

　　　　shutil.copytree("old","new")　　　　 # 复制文件夹，都只能是目录，且new必须不存在

　　　　shutil.copy("old","new")　　　　       # 复制文件/文件夹，复制 old 为 new（new是文件，若不存在，即新建），复制 old 为至 new 文件夹（文件夹已存在）

　　　　shutil.move("old","new")  　　　　    # 移动文件/文件夹至 new 文件夹中

　　　　我们现在 D:\ 下创建新文件夹 Python_shutil ，然后工作目录切到该目录，直接使用 Python 来操作吧，参考代码如下：

1 import os
2 import shutil
3
4 os.chdir("D:\\")
5 os.mkdir("Python_shutil")
6 file_dir = "D:\\Python_shutil"
7 os.chdir(file_dir)

　　　　为演示复制、移动操作，我们在该文件夹下手动操作 新建文件夹 test_org、 test_copy 及 test_move； 新建文件 test.txt  test1.txt , 两者内容不同

　　　　

　　　　Python 复制、移动的操作示例代码如下：

 1 import os
 2 import shutil
 3
 4 file_dir = "D:\\Python_shutil"
 5 os.chdir(file_dir)
 6 shutil.copyfile("test_org.txt","test_copy.txt")        # copy test_org.txt 为 test_copy.txt 若存在，则覆盖
 7 shutil.copyfile("test_org.txt","test1.txt")            # 存在，覆盖
 8 shutil.copytree("test_org","test_copytree")            # copy test_org 为 test_copytree（不存在的新目录）
 9 shutil.copy("test_org.txt","test_copy1.txt")           # 同 copyfile
10 shutil.copy("test_org.txt","test_copy")                # 将文件 copy 至 目标文件夹中（须存在）
11 shutil.copy("test_org.txt","test_xxx")                 # 将文件 copy 至 目标文件（该文件可不存在，注意类型！）
12 print os.listdir(os.getcwd())
13 shutil.move("test_org.txt","test_move")                # 将文件 move 至 目标文件夹中
14 shutil.move("test_org","test_move")                    # 将文件夹 move 至 目标文件夹中
15 print os.listdir(os.getcwd())

　　　　　　

出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/feeland/

本博客内容大多为作者原创 如果您想转载本博客，请注明出处 
如果您对本文有意见或者建议，欢迎留言 
感谢您的阅读，请关注我的后续博客

如果您看了本篇博客,觉得对您有所收获，请点击右下角的 [推荐]