RandomAccess在类Collections的shuffle()方法中的使用:(jdk源码如下)
/**
* Randomly permute the specified list using the specified source of
* randomness. All permutations occur with equal likelihood
* assuming that the source of randomness is fair.<p>
*
* This implementation traverses the list backwards, from the last element
* up to the second, repeatedly swapping a randomly selected element into
* the "current position". Elements are randomly selected from the
* portion of the list that runs from the first element to the current
* position, inclusive.<p>
*
* This method runs in linear time. If the specified list does not
* implement the {@link RandomAccess} interface and is large, this
* implementation dumps the specified list into an array before shuffling
* it, and dumps the shuffled array back into the list. This avoids the
* quadratic behavior that would result from shuffling a "sequential
* access" list in place.
*
* @param list the list to be shuffled.
* @param rnd the source of randomness to use to shuffle the list.
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the specified list or its
* list-iterator does not support the <tt>set</tt> operation.
*/
public static void shuffle(List<?> list, Random rnd) {
int size = list.size();
if (size < SHUFFLE_THRESHOLD || list instanceof RandomAccess) {
for (int i=size; i>1; i--)
swap(list, i-1, rnd.nextInt(i));
} else {
Object arr[] = list.toArray(); // Shuffle array
for (int i=size; i>1; i--)
swap(arr, i-1, rnd.nextInt(i)); // Dump array back into list
ListIterator it = list.listIterator();
for (int i=0; i<arr.length; i++) {
it.next();
it.set(arr[i]);
}
}
}
类Collections的shuffle()方法
由以上的jdk源码可见,在对实现list接口的对象进行洗牌,打乱时,区分了该类是否是RandomAccess的实例,这样做有什么意义呢?请继续向下看:
在jdk文档中对RandomAccess接口的定义如下:
/**
* Marker interface used by <tt>List</tt> implementations to indicate that
* they support fast (generally constant time) random access. The primary
* purpose of this interface is to allow generic algorithms to alter their
* behavior to provide good performance when applied to either random or
* sequential access lists.
*
* <p>The best algorithms for manipulating random access lists (such as
* <tt>ArrayList</tt>) can produce quadratic behavior when applied to
* sequential access lists (such as <tt>LinkedList</tt>). Generic list
* algorithms are encouraged to check whether the given list is an
* <tt>instanceof</tt> this interface before applying an algorithm that would
* provide poor performance if it were applied to a sequential access list,
* and to alter their behavior if necessary to guarantee acceptable
* performance.
*
* <p>It is recognized that the distinction between random and sequential
* access is often fuzzy. For example, some <tt>List</tt> implementations
* provide asymptotically linear access times if they get huge, but constant
* access times in practice. Such a <tt>List</tt> implementation
* should generally implement this interface. As a rule of thumb, a
* <tt>List</tt> implementation should implement this interface if,
* for typical instances of the class, this loop:
* <pre>
* for (int i=0, n=list.size(); i < n; i++)
* list.get(i);
* </pre>
* runs faster than this loop:
* <pre>
* for (Iterator i=list.iterator(); i.hasNext(); )
* i.next();
* </pre>
*
* <p>This interface is a member of the
* <a href="{@docRoot}/../guide/collections/index.html">
* Java Collections Framework</a>.
*
*/
public interface RandomAccess {
}
List 实现所使用的标记接口，用来表明其支持快速（通常是固定时间）随机访问。此接口的主要目的是允许一般的算法更改其行为，从而在将其应用到随机或连续访问列表时能提供良好的性能。
将操作随机访问列表的最佳算法（如 ArrayList ）应用到连续访问列表（如 LinkedList ）时，可产生二次项的行为。如果将某个算法应用到连续访问列表，那么在应用可能提供较差性能的算法前，鼓励使用一般的列表算法检查给定列表是否为此接口的一个 instanceof ，如果需要保证可接受的性能，还可以更改其行为。
现在已经认识到，随机和连续访问之间的区别通常是模糊的。例如，如果列表很大时，某些 List 实现提供渐进的线性访问时间，但实际上是固定的访问时间。这样的 List 实现通常应该实现此接口。
JDK中推荐的是对List集合尽量要实现RandomAccess接口
如果集合类是RandomAccess的实现，则尽量用for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) 来遍历而不要用Iterator迭代器来遍历，在效率上要差一些。反过来，如果List是Sequence List，则最好用迭代器来进行迭代。
JDK中说的很清楚，在对List特别是Huge size的List的遍历算法中，要尽量来判断是属于RandomAccess(如ArrayList)还是Sequence List (如LinkedList），因为适合RandomAccess List的遍历算法，用在Sequence List上就差别很大，常用的作法就是：
要作一个判断：
if (list instance of RandomAccess) {
for(int m = 0; m < list.size(); m++){}
}else{
Iterator iter = list.iterator();
while(iter.hasNext()){}
}
package testrandomaccess; import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.RandomAccess; /**
*
* @author bolong
*/
public class TestRandomAccess {
// 初始化列表 public static void initList(List list, int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
list.add(i);
}
}
//使用循环进行对列表的迭代 public static void traverseWithLoop(List list) {
long starttime = 0;
long endtime = 0;
starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int count = 0; count <= 1000; count++) {
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
list.get(i);
}
}
endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("使用loop迭代一共花了" + (endtime - starttime) + "ms时间"); }
//使用迭代器对列表进行迭代 public static void traverseWithIterator(List list) {
long starttime = 0;
long endtime = 0;
starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int count = 0; count <= 1000; count++) {
for (Iterator itr = list.iterator(); itr.hasNext();) {
itr.next();
}
}
endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("使用Iterator迭代一共花了" + (endtime - starttime) + "ms时间");
} public static void traverse(List list) { long starttime = 0;
long endtime = 0;
if (list instanceof RandomAccess) {
System.out.println("该list实现了RandomAccess接口");
starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int count = 0; count <= 1000; count++) {
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
list.get(i);
}
}
endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("迭代一共花了" + (endtime - starttime) + "ms时间");
} else {
System.out.println("该list未实现RandomAccess接口");
starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int count = 0; count <= 1000; count++) {
for (Iterator itr = list.iterator(); itr.hasNext();) {
itr.next();
}
}
endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("迭代一共花了" + (endtime - starttime) + "ms时间");
}
} public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList arraylist = new ArrayList();
LinkedList linkedlist = new LinkedList();
initList(arraylist, 1000);
initList(linkedlist, 1000);
traverse(arraylist);
traverse(linkedlist);
traverseWithIterator(arraylist);
traverseWithLoop(arraylist);
traverseWithIterator(linkedlist);
traverseWithLoop(linkedlist);
}
}
验证RandomAccess的代码
根据程序输出的结果的确证明了,arraylist等实现了RandomAccess接口的类在进行迭代时使用loop效率更高,而linkedList那些未实现该接口的类在进行迭代时使用Iterator进行迭代效率更高.