js中处处是对象,面向对象的第一步当然就是封装了,由于Js中没有类的概念,所以封装起来也比较麻烦,下面介绍两种js的封装。
1、使用约定优先的原则,将所有的私有变量以_开头
- <script type="text/javascript">
- /**
- * 使用约定优先的原则,把所有的私有变量都使用_开头
- */
- var Person = function (no, name, age)
- {
- this.setNo(no);
- this.setName(name);
- this.setAge(age);
- }
- Person.prototype = {
- constructor: Person,
- checkNo: function (no)
- {
- if (!no.constructor == "string" || no.length != 4)
- throw new Error("学号必须为4位");
- },
- setNo: function (no)
- {
- this.checkNo(no);
- this._no = no;
- }, getNo: function ()
- {
- return this._no;
- }, setName: function (name)
- {
- this._name = name;
- }, getName: function ()
- {
- return this._name;
- }, setAge: function (age)
- {
- this._age = age;
- }, getAge: function ()
- {
- return this._age;
- }, toString: function ()
- {
- return "no = " + this._no + " , name = " + this._name + " , age = " + this._age;
- }
- };
- var p1 = new Person("0001", "鸿洋", "22");
- console.log(p1.toString()); //no = 0001 , name = 鸿洋 , age = 22
- p1.setNo("0003");
- console.log(p1.toString()); //no = 0003 , name = 鸿洋 , age = 22
- p1.no = "0004";
- p1._no = "0004";
- console.log(p1.toString()); //no = 0004 , name = 鸿洋 , age = 22
- </script>
看完代码,是不是有种被坑的感觉,仅仅把所有的变量以_开头,其实还是可以直接访问的,这能叫封装么,当然了,说了是约定优先嘛,这种方式还是不错 的,最起码成员变量的getter,setter方法都是prototype中,并非存在对象中,总体来说还是个不错的选择。如果你觉得,这不行,必须严 格实现封装,那么看第二种方式。
2、严格实现封装
- <script type="text/javascript">
- /**
- * 使用这种方式虽然可以严格实现封装,但是带来的问题是get和set方法都不能存储在prototype中,都是存储在对象中的
- * 这样无形中就增加了开销
- */
- var Person = function (no, name, age)
- {
- var _no , _name, _age ;
- var checkNo = function (no)
- {
- if (!no.constructor == "string" || no.length != 4)
- throw new Error("学号必须为4位");
- };
- this.setNo = function (no)
- {
- checkNo(no);
- _no = no;
- };
- this.getNo = function ()
- {
- return _no;
- }
- this.setName = function (name)
- {
- _name = name;
- }
- this.getName = function ()
- {
- return _name;
- }
- this.setAge = function (age)
- {
- _age = age;
- }
- this.
- getAge = function ()
- {
- return _age;
- }
- this.setNo(no);
- this.setName(name);
- this.setAge(age);
- }
- Person.prototype = {
- constructor: Person,
- toString: function ()
- {
- return "no = " + this.getNo() + " , name = " + this.getName() + " , age = " + this.getAge();
- }
- }
- ;
- var p1 = new Person("0001", "鸿洋", "22");
- console.log(p1.toString()); //no = 0001 , name = 鸿洋 , age = 22
- p1.setNo("0003");
- console.log(p1.toString()); //no = 0003 , name = 鸿洋 , age = 22
- p1.no = "0004";
- console.log(p1.toString()); //no = 0003 , name = 鸿洋 , age = 22
- </script>
看上面的代码,去掉了this.属性名,严格的实现了封装,只能通过getter,setter访问成员变量了,但是存在一个问题,所有的方法都存在对象中,增加了内存的开销。
3、以闭包的方式封装
- <script type="text/javascript">
- /**
- * 使用这种方式虽然可以严格实现封装,但是带来的问题是get和set方法都不能存储在prototype中,都是存储在对象中的
- * 这样无形中就增加了开销
- */
- var Person = (function ()
- {
- var checkNo = function (no)
- {
- if (!no.constructor == "string" || no.length != 4)
- throw new Error("学号必须为4位");
- };
- //共享变量
- var times = 0;
- return function (no, name, age)
- {
- console.log(times++); // 0 ,1 , 2
- var no , name , age;
- this.setNo = function (no)
- {
- checkNo(no);
- this._no = no;
- };
- this.getNo = function ()
- {
- return this._no;
- }
- this.setName = function (name)
- {
- this._name = name;
- }
- this.getName = function ()
- {
- return this._name;
- }
- this.setAge = function (age)
- {
- this._age = age;
- }
- this.
- getAge = function ()
- {
- return this._age;
- }
- this.setNo(no);
- this.setName(name);
- this.setAge(age);
- }
- })();
- Person.prototype = {
- constructor: Person,
- toString: function ()
- {
- return "no = " + this._no + " , name = " + this._name + " , age = " + this._age;
- }
- }
- ;
- var p1 = new Person("0001", "鸿洋", "22");
- var p2 = new Person("0002", "abc", "23");
- var p3 = new Person("0003", "aobama", "24");
- console.log(p1.toString()); //no = 0001 , name = 鸿洋 , age = 22
- console.log(p2.toString()); //no = 0002 , name = abc , age = 23
- console.log(p3.toString()); //no = 0003 , name = aobama , age = 24
- </script>
上述代码,js引擎加载完后,会直接执行Student = 立即执行函数,然后此函数返回了一个子函数,这个子函数才是new
Student所调用的构造函数,又因为子函数中保持了对立即执行函数中checkNo(no)
,times的引用,(很明显的闭包)所以对于checkNo和times,是所有Student对象所共有的,创建3个对象后,times分别为
0,1,2 。这种方式的好处是,可以使Student中需要复用的方法和属性做到私有且对象间共享。
转载地址:http://blog.****.net/lmj623565791/article/details/25080573