关于HTTP协议的具体内容，前面章节已经有所讲解，相信读者已有所了解，在此不在累述，本章节讲解自定义web服务器。
一，.net提供自定义Web服务器的类
以下只是写主要的类
1.HTTPListener：对TCPListener的封装
2.TCPListener：对Socket的封装
3.Socket：对协议栈传输层接口的封装
二，用.net提供的类进行web服务器的自定义
1.用HTTPListener
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Threading; namespace Microsoft.Samples.HttpListener
{
static class HttpRequestListener
{
public static void Main()
{
string[] prefixes = new string[];
prefixes[] = "http://localhost:8080/";
ProcessRequests(prefixes);
} private static void ProcessRequests(string[] prefixes)
{
if (!System.Net.HttpListener.IsSupported)
{
Console.WriteLine(
"Windows XP SP2, Server 2003, or higher is required to " +
"use the HttpListener class.");
return;
}
// URI prefixes are required,
if (prefixes == null || prefixes.Length == )
throw new ArgumentException("prefixes"); // Create a listener and add the prefixes.
System.Net.HttpListener listener = new System.Net.HttpListener();
Thread handleRequest = null;
foreach (string s in prefixes)
{
listener.Prefixes.Add(s);
} try
{
// 启动监听，开始监听请求
listener.Start();
Console.WriteLine("Listening..."); while(true)
{
HttpListenerResponse response = null; // GetContext 在等待一个请求时将阻塞 .
HttpListenerContext context = listener.GetContext(); handleRequest = new Thread(delegate()
{
try
{
Console.WriteLine("当前线程是否为线程池线程：" + (Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread==true?"是":"否"));
Console.WriteLine("当前线程总数：" + System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().Threads.Count.ToString());
response = context.Response; string responseBody =
"<HTML><head><script language='javascript' type='text/javascript'>function test(){alert('你好');}</script></head><BODY><form>The time is currently " + DateTime.Now.ToString() + "<br/>";
responseBody += "<input type='button' value='js测试' id='test1' onclick='test();'/><br/><input type='submit' value='提交测试' id='test2' /></form></BODY></HTML>";
string responseHeader =
string.Format(
"Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTf-8;Content-Length: {0}", responseBody.Length); byte[] responseBodyBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(responseBody);
response.ContentLength64 = responseBodyBytes.Length;
System.IO.Stream output = response.OutputStream;
// 向客户端发送回应头信息
response.Headers.Add(responseHeader);
// 向客户端发送状态行
response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.OK;
response.ProtocolVersion = Version.Parse("1.1");
// 想客户端发送主体部分
output.Write(responseBodyBytes, , responseBodyBytes.Length);
}
catch (HttpListenerException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
finally
{
if (response != null)
response.Close();
}
Thread.Sleep();
});
handleRequest.Start();
}
}
catch (HttpListenerException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
finally
{
//停止监听
listener.Close();
Console.WriteLine("Done Listening.");
}
}
}
}
服务端运行效果：
客户端运行效果：
2.用TCPListener
private static void ProcessRequestsWithTcpListener()
{
TcpListener server=new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any,); server.Start(); Console.WriteLine("HTTP Server Start Listening...."); while (true)
{
TcpClient client = server.AcceptTcpClient();
Thread handleRequest = new Thread(delegate()
{
try
{
NetworkStream inputoutputstream = client.GetStream();
Byte[] buffer = new Byte[];
int readLength = inputoutputstream.Read(buffer, , buffer.Length);
String inputoutputstring = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, , readLength); Console.WriteLine("客户端信息：" + client.Client.RemoteEndPoint);
Console.WriteLine("客户端请求信息：\n" + inputoutputstring); String statusLine = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n";
string responseBody =
"<HTML><head><script language='javascript' type='text/javascript'>function test(){alert('你好');}</script></head><BODY><form>The time is currently " + DateTime.Now.ToString() + "<br/>";
responseBody += "<input type='button' value='js测试' id='test1' onclick='test();'/><br/><input type='submit' value='提交测试' id='test2' /></form></BODY></HTML>";
string responseHeader =
string.Format(
"Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTf-8\r\nContent-Length: {0}\r\n", responseBody.Length + statusLine.Length);
byte[] responseStatusLineBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(statusLine);
byte[] responseHeaderBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(responseHeader);
byte[] responseBodyBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(responseBody); // 写入状态行信息
inputoutputstream.Write(responseStatusLineBytes, , responseStatusLineBytes.Length);
// 写入回应的头部
inputoutputstream.Write(responseHeaderBytes, , responseHeaderBytes.Length);
// 写入回应头部和内容之间的空行
inputoutputstream.Write(new byte[] { , }, , ); // 写入回应的内容
inputoutputstream.Write(responseBodyBytes, , responseBodyBytes.Length);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("异常信息："+ex.Message);
}
finally
{
// 关闭与客户端的连接
client.Close();
} });
handleRequest.Start();
}
}
服务端运行效果：
客户端运行效果：和1类似
3.用Socket
private static void ProcessRequestsWithSocket()
{
Socket server = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
server.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, ));
server.Listen(); Console.WriteLine("HTTP Server Start Listening...."); while (true)
{
Socket client = server.Accept();
Thread handleRequest = new Thread(delegate()
{
try
{
Byte[] buffer = new Byte[];
int readLength = client.Receive(buffer, buffer.Length,SocketFlags.None);
String inputoutputstring = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, , readLength); Console.WriteLine("客户端信息：" + client.RemoteEndPoint);
Console.WriteLine("客户端请求信息：\n" + inputoutputstring); String statusLine = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n";
string responseBody =
"<HTML><head><script language='javascript' type='text/javascript'>function test(){alert('你好');}</script></head><BODY><form>The time is currently " + DateTime.Now.ToString() + "<br/>";
responseBody += "<input type='button' value='js测试' id='test1' onclick='test();'/><br/><input type='submit' value='提交测试' id='test2' /></form></BODY></HTML>";
string responseHeader =
string.Format(
"Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTf-8\r\nContent-Length: {0}\r\n", responseBody.Length + statusLine.Length);
byte[] responseStatusLineBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(statusLine);
byte[] responseHeaderBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(responseHeader);
byte[] responseBodyBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(responseBody); // 写入状态行信息
client.Send(responseStatusLineBytes);
// 写入回应的头部
client.Send(responseHeaderBytes);
// 写入回应头部和内容之间的空行
client.Send(new byte[] { , }); // 写入回应的内容
client.Send(responseBodyBytes);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("异常信息：" + ex.Message);
}
finally
{
// 关闭与客户端的连接
client.Close();
} });
handleRequest.Start();
}
}
服务端和客户端运行效果和2类似.
声明：2和3代码修改自：http://www.cnblogs.com/zhili/archive/2012/08/23/WebServer.html 只为交流,不为商用.
备注：面试时，常问的一个问题是：http中post和get请求的区别
个人感觉：1.两者传输方式不同，post将数据放在请求内容里传输，get放在请求行传输
2.post内容没有大小限制，get内容有大小限制。