以下操作均在MySQL5.7数据库上实验无误
需要四张表
Student_new(Sid,Sname,Sage,Ssex)学生表
Sid：学号
Sname：学生姓名
Sage：学生年龄
Ssex：学生性别 Course(Cid,Cname,Tid)课程表
Cid：课程编号
Cname：课程名称
Tid：教师编号 SC(Sid,Cid,score)成绩表
Sid：学号
Cid：课程编号
score：成绩 Teacher(Tid,Tname)教师表
Tid：教师编号：
Tname：教师名字
首先是建表与插入数据
CREATE TABLE Student_new (
Sid VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY ,
Sname VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
Sage datetime,
Ssex VARCHAR(20)
);
insert into Student_new values('' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student_new values('' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student_new values('' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student_new values('' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student_new values('' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student_new values('' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student_new values('' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student_new values('' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女'); create table Course(Cid varchar(10),Cname varchar(10),Tid varchar(10));
insert into Course values('' , '语文' , '');
insert into Course values('' , '数学' , '');
insert into Course values('' , '英语' , ''); create table Teacher(Tid varchar(10),Tname varchar(10));
insert into Teacher values('' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('' , '王五'); create table SC(Sid varchar(10),Cid varchar(10),score decimal(18,1));
insert into SC values('' , '' , 80);
insert into SC values('' , '' , 90);
insert into SC values('' , '' , 99);
insert into SC values('' , '' , 70);
insert into SC values('' , '' , 60);
insert into SC values('' , '' , 80);
insert into SC values('' , '' , 80);
insert into SC values('' , '' , 80);
insert into SC values('' , '' , 80);
insert into SC values('' , '' , 50);
insert into SC values('' , '' , 20);
insert into SC values('' , '' , 76);
insert into SC values('' , '' , 87);
insert into SC values('' , '' , 31);
insert into SC values('' , '' , 34);
insert into SC values('' , '' , 89);
insert into SC values('' , '' , 98);
问题如下：
1. 查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
select student_new.Sid, student_new.Sname, student_new.Sage,student_new.Ssex, sc.score,sc.Cid
from student_new,sc where (student_new.Sid =
(select a.sid from
(select sid,score from sc where cid='') as a,
(select sid,score from sc where cid='') as b
where a.sid = b.sid and a.score>b.score)) and student_new.Sid=sc.Sid;
写得相当啰嗦，但思路很清楚，就是把student_new和sc两张表联合起来查询，大致框架已经有了，那就需要确定Sid学生编号，把课程编号是01和02的单独拿出来进行过滤得到符合要求的Sid
1.1 查询同时存在" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的情况
select * from
(select * from sc where Cid='') as A, (select * from sc where Cid='') as B
where (A.Sid=B.Sid);
或者
select * from sc where (sc.Sid in
(select a.Sid from
(select * from sc where Cid='') as A, (select * from sc where Cid='') as B
where (A.Sid=B.Sid))) and sc.Cid in ('','');
注意这两种得到的结果不完全一样，第一个是把两个课程分数合在一行，第二个是两行
1.2 查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )
这个时候就要用到left join了
select * from (select * from SC where Cid='')A
left join (select * from SC where Cid='')B on A.Sid=B.Sid
其实1.1也可以用Left join 写，只不过B要加个B.Sid is not NULL的条件
left join 就是返回左表所有行（不满足条件就是NULL），然后返回右表满足条件的行（不满足就是NULL）
1.3 查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的情况
也有两种写法，第一种用left join，左表是存在02的情况，右表是存在01的情况，但是添加一个过滤条件，即右表为NULL，因为left join是左表都会列出来（只要满足on的匹配），右表为空则为NULL
select * from (select * from sc where Cid ='') as A left join (select * from sc where Cid='')B
on (A.Sid=B.Sid) where B.Cid is NULL
第二种，限定Sid不在01的行里面挑出Cid是02的行
select * from SC where Cid=''and Sid not in(select Sid from SC where Cid='')
2. 查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
思路很清楚，把Sid和大于60的平均成绩拿出来作为一个表和学生表去连接
select A.Sid, student_new.Sname, A.avg_score from
(select Sid,AVG(score) as avg_score from sc group by Sid having AVG(score)>=60) as A, student_new
where (A.Sid = student_new.Sid);
3、查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息
也很简单，用到一个select distinct，即去重选择
select * from student_new where Sid in (select distinct Sid from SC)
4. 查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )
同样用left join
select student_new.Sid,student_new.Sname,A.count,A.sum from student_new left join
(select Sid,count(Cid) as count,SUM(score) as sum from sc group by Sid) as A
on student_new.Sid = A.Sid;
4.1 查有成绩的学生信息
这个跟4就反了一下而已，只要把left join的左右表互换一下位置就好了，有成绩的学生信息一定能查到，或者用right join
select A.Sid,B.Sname,A.选课总数,A.总成绩 from
(select Sid,COUNT(Cid) as 选课总数,sum(score) as 总成绩 from sc group by Sid) as A
left join student_new as B on A.Sid=B.Sid
5. 查询「李」姓老师的数量
简单
select count(*) as 李姓老师数量 from teacher where Tname like '李%';
6. 查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息
逻辑很清楚，三个表依次映射过去
select * from student_new where Sid in (select distinct Sid from sc where Cid in
(select Cid from course where Tid = (select Tid from teacher where Tname = '张三')))
7. 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
select * from student_new where Sid in(
select Sid from sc group by Sid having count(Cid) <3
)
注意，HAVING要放到最后面
8. 查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息
想到了一种很朴素的方法，把每门课过滤掉‘01’，剩下其他同学，如果不为空，说明这门课是‘01’和其他人一起学的，把三门课的剩下学生加起来去重求并集就行了
select * from student_new where Sid in
(select Sid from SC where Cid='' and Sid <>''
UNION
select Sid from SC where Cid='' and Sid <>''
UNION
select Sid from SC where Cid='' and Sid <>'')
第二种方法，把‘01’学的三门课求出来，然后直接用去重的方式去选学这门课的学生
select * from student_new
where Sid in(select distinct Sid from sc where Cid in(select Cid from SC where Sid='')
) and Sid <> ''
9. 查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息
很屌的一种方法
select a.Sid,s.Sname from
(select sid,GROUP_CONCAT(cid order by cid separator ',') as cid_str
from sc where sid='')b,
(select sid,GROUP_CONCAT(cid order by cid separator ',') as cid_str
from sc group by sid)a
left join student_new s
on a.sid = s.sid
where a.cid_str = b.cid_str and a.Sid<>'';
但还是我自己写的好理解一点
select * from student_new where sid in(
select a.sid from
(select sid,GROUP_CONCAT(cid order by cid separator ',') as cid_str from sc where sid='') as b,
(select sid,GROUP_CONCAT(cid order by cid separator ',') as cid_str from sc group by sid) as a
where a.cid_str = b.cid_str and a.Sid<>'')
GROUP_CONCAT可以把一行里面的字符串组合起来，把‘01’的考试情况字符串和其他同学的考试情况字符串进行对比，找出一模一样的同学Sid就行了
10. 查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
select * from student_new where Sid not in (select distinct Sid from sc where Cid in
(select Cid from course where Tid = (select Tid from teacher where Tname = '张三')))
在第六题的基础上加个NOT就行了
未完待遇。。。