说明：该篇博客是博主一字一码编写的，实属不易，请尊重原创，谢谢大家！
1.概述
前言：前两天刚写了第一篇博客https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/details/84934224 发现阅读量很少，博主很生气，当时就想到使用爬虫来增加阅读量，于是一言不合就开始敲代码
分析：首先刚开始我觉得****网站不存在反爬虫，于是直接通过urllib2库对我写的第一篇文章，进行while True无限循环访问，然后通过print response.url发现响应的url地址变成了https://passport.****.net/login?xxxxxxx,根本没有进入我要访问的url地址，当通过浏览器不断访问博客时，也会提示登录，所以使用爬虫进行访问也同样会跳转到登录界面的，所以我自己将headers中附带登录后的cookie，这样就不会再从访问内容目标地址跳转到登录地址了。
说明：原本我打算使用scrapy框架进行爬取，但是内容太少，不需要爬取全网站，所以直接写个爬虫py文件即可，为了防止访问太密集导致被封IP，所以使用了https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/inha/ 该免费代理网站的代理IP，也是用了User-Agent大全进行隐藏本机的UA。
注：****网站并不是淘宝同级网站，所以爬取该网站很简单
2.闲话不扯了，直接看代码
1.USER-AGENT代码：
反爬虫和隐藏本机UA是不可缺少的一步(User-Agent这个网上一搜一大把)
USER_AGENTS = [
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36 OPR/26.0.1656.60',
'Opera/8.0 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en)',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en; rv:1.8.1) Gecko/20061208 Firefox/2.0.0 Opera 9.50',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; en) Opera 9.50',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:34.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/34.0',
'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/534.57.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1.7 Safari/534.57.2',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.71 Safari/537.36',
'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.133 Safari/534.16',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER',
'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 UBrowser/4.0.3214.0 Safari/537.36'
]2.URL代码：
准备将要访问的url链接地址(存在url_list列表中，这里是我个人博客的网址，包括资源，帖子等)
说明：这样做可以将访问度减少，避免检测到某个页面在极断时间内一直在被访问
url_list = [
"https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/details/84934224",
"https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/category/8519763",
"https://me.****.net/qq_41782425",
"https://me.****.net/download/qq_41782425",
"https://me.****.net/bbs/qq_41782425"
]3.proxy代码：
说明：代理这块我跟大多人不一样，我是直接写一个get_proxy方法，利用爬虫将代理网站的IP爬取下来，存在类属性中方便我在代码中使用，不用open在read那些华而不实的方法
注：因代码简单所以没有加注释(有不懂的可以在下面评论，我这个方法在线爬取都是最新的免费代理，好到爆炸)
def get_proxy(self):
self.page+=1
headers = {"User-Agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11"}
request = urllib2.Request("https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/inha/"+str(self.page), headers=headers)
html = urllib2.urlopen(request).read()
# print html
content = etree.HTML(html)
ip = content.xpath('//td[@data-title="IP"]/text()')
port = content.xpath('//td[@data-title="PORT"]/text()')
for i in range(len(ip)):
for p in range(len(port)):
if i == p:
if ip[i] + ':' + port[p] not in self.proxy:
self.proxy.append(ip[i] + ':' + port[p])
# print self.proxy
if self.proxy:
print "现在使用的是第" + str(self.page) + "页代理IP"
self.spider()
4.spider代码：
说明：通过urllib2中的ProxyHandler类构建一个Handler处理器对象，再通过build_opener方法构建一个全局的opener，之后所有的请求都可以用urlopen()方式去发送即可
注：为了让大家更清楚，最后添加了注释(大家觉得写得不错的就点个喜欢，谢谢)
def spider(self):
num = 0 # 用于访问计数
err_num = 0 #用于异常错误计数
while True:
# 从列表中随机选择UA和代理
user_agent = random.choice(self.USER_AGENTS)
proxy = random.choice(self.proxy)
# proxy = json.loads('{"http":'+'"'+proxy+'"}')
# print proxy
# print type(proxy)
referer = random.choice(self.url_list) #随机选择访问url地址
headers = {
# "Host": "blog.****.net",
"Connection": "keep-alive",
"Cache-Control": "max-age=0",
"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
# "User-Agent": user_agent,
"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8",
# "Referer": "https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/details/84934224",
# "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
"Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
"Cookie": "your cookie"
}
try:
# 构建一个Handler处理器对象，参数是一个字典类型，包括代理类型和代理服务器IP+PROT
httpproxy_handler = urllib2.ProxyHandler({"http": proxy})
opener = urllib2.build_opener(httpproxy_handler)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
request = urllib2.Request(referer,headers=headers)
request.add_header("User-Agent", user_agent)
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
html = response.read()
# 利用etree.HTML，将字符串解析为HTML文档
content = etree.HTML(html)
# 使用xpath匹配阅读量
read_num = content.xpath('//span[@class="read-count"]/text()')
# 将列表转为字符串
new_read_num = ''.join(read_num)
# 通过xpath匹配的页面为blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/details/84934224所以匹配其他页面返回的为空
if len(new_read_num) != 0:
print new_read_num
num += 1
print '第' + str(num) + '次访问'
print response.url + " 代理ip: " + str(proxy)
# print request.headers
time.sleep(1)
# 当访问数量达到100时，退出循环，并调用get_proxy方法获取第二页的代理
if num > 100:
break
except Exception as result:
err_num+=1
print "错误信息(%d):%s"%(err_num,result)
# 当错误信息大于等于30时，初始化代理页面page，重新从第一页开始获取代理ip，并退出循环
if err_num >=30:
self.__init__()
break
# url = "https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/details/84934224"
# try:
# response = requests.get(url,headers=headers,proxies={"http":""})
# num += 1
# print '第' + str(num) + '次访问'
# print response.url
# except Exception as result:
# err_num+=1
# print "错误信息(%d):%s"%(err_num,result)
# if err_num >=30:
# break
# 当退出循环时，看就会执行get_proxy获取代理的方法
print "正在重新获取代理IP"
self.get_proxy()5.启动代码：
if __name__ == "__main__":
CsdnSpider().get_proxy()
6.效果图：
D:\PycharmProjects\Web_Crawler\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/PycharmProjects/Web_Crawler/practice/****Spider.py
现在使用的是第1页代理IP
第1次访问
https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/category/8519763 代理ip: 123.162.168.192:8088
第2次访问
https://me.****.net/bbs/qq_41782425 代理ip: 60.182.22.244:8118
第3次访问
https://me.****.net/qq_41782425 代理ip: 222.186.45.144:9000
第4次访问
https://me.****.net/qq_41782425 代理ip: 27.24.215.49:37644
第5次访问
https://me.****.net/qq_41782425 代理ip: 101.76.209.69:9000
第6次访问
https://me.****.net/bbs/qq_41782425 代理ip: 175.11.194.73:80
第7次访问
https://me.****.net/download/qq_41782425 代理ip: 111.230.254.195:47891
第8次访问
https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/category/8519763 代理ip: 123.162.168.192:53281
第9次访问
https://me.****.net/bbs/qq_41782425 代理ip: 180.118.134.103:8118
阅读数：419
第10次访问
https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/details/84934224 代理ip: 111.198.77.169:47891
第11次访问
https://me.****.net/qq_41782425 代理ip: 27.24.215.49:8118
阅读数：419
第12次访问
https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/details/84934224 代理ip: 221.224.136.211:9000
第13次访问
https://me.****.net/qq_41782425 代理ip: 221.224.136.211:8118
第14次访问
https://me.****.net/download/qq_41782425 代理ip: 222.171.251.43:35101
阅读数：419
第15次访问
https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/details/84934224 代理ip: 111.230.254.195:8118
阅读数：419
第16次访问
https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/details/84934224 代理ip: 180.118.86.75:1080
第17次访问
https://me.****.net/qq_41782425 代理ip: 101.76.209.69:47891
第18次访问
https://me.****.net/bbs/qq_41782425 代理ip: 222.186.45.144:37644
第19次访问
https://me.****.net/qq_41782425 代理ip: 123.162.168.192:42164
第20次访问
https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/category/8519763 代理ip: 180.118.134.103:47891
说明：因为访问时间过快阅读数过段时间再到浏览器刷新即可，还有一个情况就是我打印的阅读量为第一篇博客的阅读量，随机访问5个页面，所以看到的阅读量是慢慢的增加，这样也是比较安全的，当访问超过100后，会更换第二页的代理，测试都没问题
注：当打印出来的response.url为https://passport.****.net/login时，就要更换你的cookie了
阅读数：420
第98次访问
https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/details/84934224 代理ip: 47.95.9.128:8118
第99次访问
https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/category/8519763 代理ip: 111.198.77.169:80
第100次访问
https://me.****.net/qq_41782425 代理ip: 111.198.77.169:8088
第101次访问
https://me.****.net/qq_41782425 代理ip: 124.235.135.210:8118
正在重新获取代理IP
现在使用的是第2页代理IP
阅读数：420
第1次访问
https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/details/84934224 代理ip: 221.224.136.211:35101
阅读数：420
第2次访问
https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/details/84934224 代理ip: 115.223.243.136:13289
第3次访问
https://me.****.net/download/qq_41782425 代理ip: 180.104.107.46:9000
第4次访问
https://me.****.net/qq_41782425 代理ip: 139.196.125.96:9000
第5次访问
https://me.****.net/download/qq_41782425 代理ip: 180.118.128.250:8118
第6次访问
https://me.****.net/download/qq_41782425 代理ip: 180.118.134.103:53281
第7次访问
https://me.****.net/bbs/qq_41782425 代理ip: 182.107.13.217:9000
第8次访问
https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/category/8519763 代理ip: 115.223.243.136:9000
阅读数：421
第9次访问
https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/details/84934224 代理ip: 115.223.243.136:9000
第10次访问
https://me.****.net/qq_41782425 代理ip: 121.232.194.69:9000
第11次访问
https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/category/8519763 代理ip: 139.196.125.96:9000
第12次访问
https://me.****.net/qq_41782425 代理ip: 175.11.194.73:9000
3.完整代码
说明：尝试自己写一下，逻辑很简单，实现也很简单
# coding:utf-8
import urllib2
from lxml import etree
import random
import time
import json,requests
class CsdnSpider():
USER_AGENTS = [
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36 OPR/26.0.1656.60',
'Opera/8.0 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en)',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en; rv:1.8.1) Gecko/20061208 Firefox/2.0.0 Opera 9.50',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; en) Opera 9.50',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:34.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/34.0',
'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/534.57.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1.7 Safari/534.57.2',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.71 Safari/537.36',
'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.133 Safari/534.16',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER',
'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 UBrowser/4.0.3214.0 Safari/537.36'
]
url_list = [
"https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/details/84934224",
"https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/category/8519763",
"https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/details/84993073",
"https://me.****.net/qq_41782425",
"https://me.****.net/download/qq_41782425",
"https://me.****.net/bbs/qq_41782425"
]
def __init__(self):
self.page = 0
self.proxy = []
def get_proxy(self):
self.page+=1
headers = {"User-Agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11"}
request = urllib2.Request("https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/inha/"+str(self.page), headers=headers)
html = urllib2.urlopen(request).read()
# print html
content = etree.HTML(html)
ip = content.xpath('//td[@data-title="IP"]/text()')
port = content.xpath('//td[@data-title="PORT"]/text()')
# 将对应的ip和port进行拼接
for i in range(len(ip)):
for p in range(len(port)):
if i == p:
if ip[i] + ':' + port[p] not in self.proxy:
self.proxy.append(ip[i] + ':' + port[p])
# print self.proxy
if self.proxy:
print "现在使用的是第" + str(self.page) + "页代理IP"
self.spider()
def spider(self):
num = 0 # 用于访问计数
err_num = 0 #用于异常错误计数
while True:
# 从列表中随机选择UA和代理
user_agent = random.choice(self.USER_AGENTS)
proxy = random.choice(self.proxy)
# proxy = json.loads('{"http":'+'"'+proxy+'"}')
# print proxy
# print type(proxy)
referer = random.choice(self.url_list) #随机选择访问url地址
headers = {
# "Host": "blog.****.net",
"Connection": "keep-alive",
"Cache-Control": "max-age=0",
"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1",
# "User-Agent": user_agent,
"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8",
# "Referer": "https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/details/84934224",
# "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
"Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",
"Cookie": "your cookie"
}
try:
# 构建一个Handler处理器对象，参数是一个字典类型，包括代理类型和代理服务器IP+PROT
httpproxy_handler = urllib2.ProxyHandler({"http": proxy})
opener = urllib2.build_opener(httpproxy_handler)
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
request = urllib2.Request(referer,headers=headers)
request.add_header("User-Agent", user_agent)
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
html = response.read()
# 利用etree.HTML，将字符串解析为HTML文档
content = etree.HTML(html)
# 使用xpath匹配阅读量
read_num = content.xpath('//span[@class="read-count"]/text()')
# 将列表转为字符串
new_read_num = ''.join(read_num)
# 通过xpath匹配的页面为blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/details/84934224所以匹配其他页面返回的为空
if len(new_read_num) != 0:
print new_read_num
num += 1
print '第' + str(num) + '次访问'
print response.url + " 代理ip: " + str(proxy)
# print request.headers
time.sleep(1)
# 当访问数量达到100时，退出循环，并调用get_proxy方法获取第二页的代理
if num > 100:
break
except Exception as result:
err_num+=1
print "错误信息(%d):%s"%(err_num,result)
# 当错误信息大于等于30时，初始化代理页面page，重新从第一页开始获取代理ip，并退出循环
if err_num >=30:
self.__init__()
break
# url = "https://blog.****.net/qq_41782425/article/details/84934224"
# try:
# response = requests.get(url,headers=headers,proxies={"http":""})
# num += 1
# print '第' + str(num) + '次访问'
# print response.url
# except Exception as result:
# err_num+=1
# print "错误信息(%d):%s"%(err_num,result)
# if err_num >=30:
# break
# 当退出循环时，看就会执行get_proxy获取代理的方法
print "正在重新获取代理IP"
self.get_proxy()
if __name__ == "__main__":
CsdnSpider().get_proxy()