Linux下的启动oracle服务 启动监听 开放端口操作

时间：2022-06-16 23:38:39
尝试登录oracle
使用root用户将没有sqlplus命令
[root@localhost ~]# sqlplus /nolog
bash: sqlplus: 未找到命令...
 
 
[root@localhost ~]# su oracle
[oracle@localhost root]$ sqlplus /nolog
bash: sqlplus: 未找到命令...
 
 
切换为oracle账户尝试登录oracle 此处的/和as之间要有空格 而且只有用oracle账户登录才能生效 否则会提示输入账号密码。
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
 
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri May 26 22:56:08 2017
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Connected to an idle instance.
 
发现oracle没有启动
SQL> select 1 from dual;
select 1 from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
 
启动oracle
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes
Fixed Size    2217992 bytes
Variable Size  494929912 bytes
Database Buffers  335544320 bytes
Redo Buffers    6590464 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select 1 from dual;
 
1
----------
1
 
查看开放的端口没有1521
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@localhost ~]$ nmap 127.0.0.1
 
Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2017-05-26 22:57 CST
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.0011s latency).
Not shown: 996 closed ports
PORT    STATE SERVICE
22/tcp  open  ssh
25/tcp  open  smtp
111/tcp open  rpcbind
631/tcp open  ipp
 
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.10 seconds
 
查看oracle监听的状态发现监听没有开启
[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl status
 
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 26-MAY-2017 22:58:03
 
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
  TNS-00511: No listener
   Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
 
开启监听
[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start  
 
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 26-MAY-2017 22:58:11
 
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Starting /u01/oracle/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
 
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
 
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                26-MAY-2017 22:58:11
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
 
再次查看端口已经有了1521
[root@localhost oracle]# nmap 127.0.0.1
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.000043s latency).
Not shown: 995 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
25/tcp   open  smtp
111/tcp  open  rpcbind
631/tcp  open  ipp
1521/tcp open  oracle
 
但是在虚拟机外部仍然无法联通，telnet 1521端口失败，怀疑是防火墙，然后修改防火墙的配置文件解决。修改防火墙参考：http://blog.csdn.net/barryxt/article/details/18040335
 
 
在修改防火墙配置的时候，发现了一个问题。即使在/etc/sysconfig/iptables里配置了防火墙规则，在系统启动的时候是不生效的，要执行重启命令service iptables restart才能生效，否则读取的不是/etc/sysconfig/iptables的配置，而是系统的默认配置，如下：

 

此时是默认化配置吧？只有22.

[root@localhost oracle]#  iptables -nL
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination        
ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
INPUT_direct  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
INPUT_ZONES_SOURCE  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
INPUT_ZONES  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
ACCEPT     icmp --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
REJECT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination        
ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
FORWARD_direct  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
FORWARD_IN_ZONES_SOURCE  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
FORWARD_IN_ZONES  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
FORWARD_OUT_ZONES_SOURCE  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
FORWARD_OUT_ZONES  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
ACCEPT     icmp --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
REJECT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination        
OUTPUT_direct  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          

Chain FORWARD_IN_ZONES (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        
FWDI_public  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           [goto]
FWDI_public  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           [goto]

Chain FORWARD_IN_ZONES_SOURCE (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        

Chain FORWARD_OUT_ZONES (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        
FWDO_public  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           [goto]
FWDO_public  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           [goto]

Chain FORWARD_OUT_ZONES_SOURCE (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        

Chain FORWARD_direct (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        

Chain FWDI_public (2 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        
FWDI_public_log  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
FWDI_public_deny  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
FWDI_public_allow  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          

Chain FWDI_public_allow (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        

Chain FWDI_public_deny (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        

Chain FWDI_public_log (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        

Chain FWDO_public (2 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        
FWDO_public_log  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
FWDO_public_deny  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
FWDO_public_allow  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          

Chain FWDO_public_allow (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        

Chain FWDO_public_deny (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        

Chain FWDO_public_log (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        

Chain INPUT_ZONES (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        
IN_public  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           [goto]
IN_public  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0           [goto]

Chain INPUT_ZONES_SOURCE (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        

Chain INPUT_direct (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        

Chain IN_public (2 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        
IN_public_log  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
IN_public_deny  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
IN_public_allow  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          

Chain IN_public_allow (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        
ACCEPT     tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:22 ctstate NEW

Chain IN_public_deny (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        

Chain IN_public_log (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        

Chain OUTPUT_direct (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination        

重启一下：

[root@localhost oracle]# service iptables restart

此处就是配置文件里的配置了：
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  iptables.service
[root@localhost oracle]#  iptables -n -L
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination        
ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
ACCEPT     icmp --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          
ACCEPT     tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            state NEW tcp dpt:22
ACCEPT     tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            state NEW tcp dpt:1521
REJECT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination        
REJECT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination  

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