1. 创建ssh-key
这里我们采用rsa方式,使用如下命令:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
|
xiaosi@xiaosi:~$ ssh -keygen -t rsa -f ~/. ssh /id_rsa
Generating public /private rsa key pair.
Created directory '/home/xiaosi/.ssh' .
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/xiaosi/ . ssh /id_rsa .
Your public key has been saved in /home/xiaosi/ . ssh /id_rsa .pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:n /sFaAT94A/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xiaosi@xiaosi
The key's randomart image is:
+---[xxxxx]----+
| o= .. .. |
| o.= .. .|
| *.* o .|
| +.4.=E+..|
| .SBo=. h+ |
| ogo..oo. |
| or +j..|
| ...+o=.|
| ... o=+|
+----[xxxxx]-----+
|
备注:
这里会提示输入pass phrase,一定不要输入任何字符,回车即可。
2. 生成authorized_keys文件
1
|
xiaosi@xiaosi:~$ cat ~/. ssh /id_rsa .pub >> ~/. ssh /authorized_keys
|
备注:
记得要把authorized_keys文件放到.ssh目录下,与rsa等文件放在一起,否则免登录失败,debug如下(ssh -vvv localhost进行调试,查找错误原因):
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
|
xiaosi@xiaosi:~$ ssh -vvv localhost
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug2: resolving "localhost" port 22
debug2: ssh_connect_direct: needpriv 0
debug1: Connecting to localhost [127.0.0.1] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_rsa type 1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_rsa -cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_dsa -cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_ecdsa -cert type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1
debug1: key_load_public: No such file or directory
debug1: identity file /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_ed25519 -cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu1
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu1
debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu1 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK
debug1: Authenticating to localhost:22 as 'xiaosi'
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/home/xiaosi/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /home/xiaosi/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from localhost
debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 -cert -v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384 -cert -v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521 -cert -v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521
debug3: send packet: type 20
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug3: receive packet: type 20
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: local client KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie -hellman -group -exchange -sha256,diffie -hellman -group -exchange -sha1,diffie -hellman -group14-sha1,ext -info -c
debug2: host key algorithms: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 -cert -v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384 -cert -v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521 -cert -v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-ed25519 -cert -v01@openssh.com,ssh -rsa -cert -v01@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh -rsa
debug2: ciphers ctos: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128 -ctr ,aes192 -ctr ,aes256 -ctr ,aes128 -gcm @openssh.com,aes256 -gcm @openssh.com,aes128 -cbc ,aes192 -cbc ,aes256 -cbc ,3des -cbc
debug2: ciphers stoc: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128 -ctr ,aes192 -ctr ,aes256 -ctr ,aes128 -gcm @openssh.com,aes256 -gcm @openssh.com,aes128 -cbc ,aes192 -cbc ,aes256 -cbc ,3des -cbc
debug2: MACs ctos: umac-64 -etm @openssh.com,umac-128 -etm @openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256 -etm @openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512 -etm @openssh.com,hmac-sha1 -etm @openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: umac-64 -etm @openssh.com,umac-128 -etm @openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256 -etm @openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512 -etm @openssh.com,hmac-sha1 -etm @openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib
debug2: compression stoc: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib
debug2: languages ctos:
debug2: languages stoc:
debug2: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: reserved 0
debug2: peer server KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie -hellman -group -exchange -sha256,diffie -hellman -group14-sha1
debug2: host key algorithms: ssh -rsa ,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519
debug2: ciphers ctos: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128 -ctr ,aes192 -ctr ,aes256 -ctr ,aes128 -gcm @openssh.com,aes256 -gcm @openssh.com
debug2: ciphers stoc: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128 -ctr ,aes192 -ctr ,aes256 -ctr ,aes128 -gcm @openssh.com,aes256 -gcm @openssh.com
debug2: MACs ctos: umac-64 -etm @openssh.com,umac-128 -etm @openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256 -etm @openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512 -etm @openssh.com,hmac-sha1 -etm @openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: umac-64 -etm @openssh.com,umac-128 -etm @openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256 -etm @openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512 -etm @openssh.com,hmac-sha1 -etm @openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,zlib@openssh.com
debug2: compression stoc: none,zlib@openssh.com
debug2: languages ctos:
debug2: languages stoc:
debug2: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: reserved 0
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256@libssh.org
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug3: send packet: type 30
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug3: receive packet: type 31
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:378enl3ckhdpObP8fnsHr1EXz4d1q2Jde+jUplkub/Y
debug3: hostkeys_foreach: reading file "/home/xiaosi/.ssh/known_hosts"
debug3: record_hostkey: found key type ECDSA in file /home/xiaosi/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys from localhost
debug1: Host 'localhost' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/xiaosi/.ssh/known_hosts:1
debug3: send packet: type 21
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug3: receive packet: type 21
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: rekey after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug2: key: /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_rsa (0x5602df5e80c0)
debug2: key: /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil))
debug2: key: /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_ecdsa ((nil))
debug2: key: /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_ed25519 ((nil))
debug3: send packet: type 5
debug3: receive packet: type 7
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server -sig -algs =<rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512>
debug3: receive packet: type 6
debug2: service_accept: ssh -userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password
debug3: preferred gssapi -keyex ,gssapi -with -mic ,publickey,keyboard -interactive ,password
debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey
debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard -interactive ,password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_rsa
debug3: send_pubkey_test
debug3: send packet: type 50
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug3: receive packet: type 51
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
debug1: Trying private key: /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_dsa
debug3: no such identity: /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_dsa: No such file or directory
debug1: Trying private key: /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug3: no such identity: /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_ecdsa: No such file or directory
debug1: Trying private key: /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug3: no such identity: /home/xiaosi/.ssh/id_ed25519: No such file or directory
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug3: authmethod_lookup password
debug3: remaining preferred: ,password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password
debug1: Next authentication method: password
xiaosi@localhost's password:
|
3. 验证
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
xiaosi@xiaosi:~$ ssh localhost
The authenticity of host 'localhost (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:378enl3ckhdpObP8fnsHr1EXz4d1q2Jde+jUplkub /Y .
Are you sure you want to continue connecting ( yes /no )? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
sign_and_send_pubkey: signing failed: agent refused operation
xiaosi@localhost's password:
|
4. authorized_keys权限
我们可以看到还是让我输入密码,很大可能是authorized_keys文件权限的问题,我们给该文件赋予一定权限:
1
|
xiaosi@xiaosi:~$ chmod 600 ~/. ssh /authorized_keys
|
再次验证:
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
xiaosi@xiaosi:~$ ssh localhost
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (GNU /Linux 4.4.0-24-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https: //help .ubuntu.com/
0 个可升级软件包。
0 个安全更新。
Last login: Thu Jun 16 08:05:50 2016 from 127.0.0.1
|
到此表示OK了。
备注:
或者第一次需要输入密码,以后再次登陆就不需要输入密码了。
感谢阅读,希望能帮助到大家,谢谢大家对本站的支持!
原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/sunnyyoona/article/details/51689041#t1