[js高手之路]原型对象(prototype)与原型链相关属性与方法详解

时间:2022-02-05 23:02:20

一,instanceof:

instanceof检测左侧的__proto__原型链上,是否存在右侧的prototype原型. 我在之前的两篇文章

[js高手之路]构造函数的基本特性与优缺点

[js高手之路]一步步图解javascript的原型(prototype)对象,原型链

已经分享过了.

         function CreateObj(uName) {
this.userName = uName;
this.showUserName = function () {
return '100';
}
}
CreateObj.prototype.showUserName = function () {
return this.userName;
}
var obj1 = new CreateObj('ghostwu');
var obj2 = new CreateObj('卫庄'); console.log( obj1 instanceof CreateObj ); //true
console.log( obj2 instanceof CreateObj ); //true
console.log( obj1 instanceof Object ); //true
console.log( obj2 instanceof Object ); //true

二、isPrototypeOf:

如果隐式原型__proto__指向调用isPrototypeOf()方法的对象原型( CreateObj ), 那么这个方法就返回true,如:

         var obj1 = new CreateObj('ghostwu');
var obj2 = new CreateObj('卫庄');
console.log( CreateObj.prototype.isPrototypeOf( obj1 ) ); //true
console.log( CreateObj.prototype.isPrototypeOf( obj2 ) ); //true

因为obj1,obj2的隐式原型__proto__指向的都是CreateObj.prototype, 有朋友可能会问CreateObj.prototype上面根本就没有isPrototypeOf这个方法,怎么可以

调用呢?

是的,没错,但是CreateObj.prototype的隐式原型__proto__指向了Object.prototype, 而isPrototypeOf存在Object.prototype上,所以就能够调用

三、Object.getPrototypeOf

获取实例的隐式原型(__proto__)的指向,因为obj1,obj2的__proto__都指向CreateObj.prototype

         var obj1 = new CreateObj('ghostwu');
var obj2 = new CreateObj('卫庄');
console.log( Object.getPrototypeOf( obj1 ) === CreateObj.prototype ); //true
console.log( Object.getPrototypeOf( obj2 ) === CreateObj.prototype ); //true

四,实例访问属性和方法时,遵循就近查找原则

实例先在自己身上查找,有,就停止查找,如果没有,就沿着实例的__proto__继续往上查找,有,就停止查找,如果没有就继续沿着原型链一直往上查找,如果

所有的原型对象上都没有,那就是undefined.

         function CreateObj(uName) {
this.userName = uName;
}
CreateObj.prototype.showUserName = function () {
return this.userName;
}
CreateObj.prototype.age = 22; var obj1 = new CreateObj('ghostwu');
obj1.age = 20;
var obj2 = new CreateObj('卫庄'); console.log( obj1.age ); //20--->来自实例
console.log( obj2.age ); //22--->来自原型对象 delete obj1.age;
console.log( obj1.age ); //22--->来自原型

五,hasOwnProperty

判断属性是实例上的还是原型对象上的,如果是实例上的,返回true, 原型上的返回false

         function CreateObj(uName) {
this.userName = uName;
}
CreateObj.prototype.showUserName = function () {
return this.userName;
}
CreateObj.prototype.age = 22;
var obj1 = new CreateObj('ghostwu');
obj1.age = 20;
var obj2 = new CreateObj('卫庄');
console.log( obj1.age ); //20--->来自实例
console.log( obj1.hasOwnProperty( 'age' ) ); //true
console.log( obj2.age ); //22--->来自原型对象
console.log( obj2.hasOwnProperty( 'age' ) ); //false
delete obj1.age;
console.log( obj1.age ); //22--->来自原型
console.log( obj1.hasOwnProperty( 'age' ) ); //false

六、in操作符

判断属性是否在实例或者原型对象上,只要一个满足条件,返回值都是true

         function CreateObj(uName) {
this.userName = uName;
}
CreateObj.prototype.showUserName = function () {
return this.userName;
}
CreateObj.prototype.age = 22;
var obj1 = new CreateObj('ghostwu');
obj1.age = 20;
console.log( 'age' in obj1 ); //true
var obj2 = new CreateObj('卫庄');
console.log( 'age' in obj2 ); //true
delete obj1.age;
console.log( 'age' in obj1 ); //true
console.log( 'user' in obj1 ); //false
console.log( 'user' in obj2 ); //false

七,结合in和hasOwnProperty的用法,可以封装一个函数判断这个属性是否在原型对象上, 返回值为true:在原型对象上, false:不在原型对象上

         function CreateObj(uName) {
this.userName = uName;
}
CreateObj.prototype.showUserName = function () {
return this.userName;
}
CreateObj.prototype.age = 20;
function hasPrototypeProperty( obj, name ){
return !obj.hasOwnProperty( name ) && ( name in obj );
}
var obj1 = new CreateObj('ghostwu');
var obj2 = new CreateObj('卫庄');
obj1.age = 10;
console.log( hasPrototypeProperty( obj1, 'age' ) ); //false
console.log( hasPrototypeProperty( obj2, 'age' ) ); //true

八、for...in 可以枚举实例和原型对象上的属性和方法,前提是:该属性和方法是可以枚举

          function CreateObj(uName) {
this.userName = uName;
}
CreateObj.prototype.showUserName = function () {
return this.userName;
}
CreateObj.prototype.age = 20;
var obj = new CreateObj( 'ghostwu' ); for( var key in obj ){
console.log( key ); //userName,age,showUserName
}
console.log( Object.prototype );
for( var key in Object.prototype ){
console.log( key );//枚举不了, Object.prototype上的属性和方法默认不可枚举,枚举属性为false
}