最简单的基于Flash的流媒体示例:RTMP推送和接收(ActionScript)

时间:2023-03-09 18:21:54
最简单的基于Flash的流媒体示例:RTMP推送和接收(ActionScript)

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Flash流媒体文章列表:

最简单的基于Flash的流媒体示例:RTMP推送和接收(ActionScript)

最简单的基于Flash的流媒体示例:网页播放器(HTTP,RTMP,HLS)

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本文记录一些基于Flash的流媒体处理的例子。Flash平台最常见的流媒体协议是RTMP。此前记录的一些基于C/C++的RTMP播放器/推流器,但是没有记录过基于Flash中的ActionScript的RTMP播放器/推流器。其实基于Flash的RTMP播放器/推流器才能算得上是RTMP技术中的“正规军”。RTMP本身设计出来就是用于Flash平台之间通信的,而且RTMP最大的优势——“无插件直播”,也是得益于广泛安装在客户端的Flash Player。因此本文分别记录一个基于ActionScript的RTMP播放器和基于ActionScript的RTMP推流器。

最简单的基于Flash的流媒体示例:RTMP推送和接收(ActionScript)

基于C/C++的RTMP流媒体处理的例子可以参考下面几个。

发布

最简单的基于librtmp的示例:发布H.264(H.264通过RTMP发布)

最简单的基于librtmp的示例:发布(FLV通过RTMP发布)

最简单的基于FFmpeg的推流器(以推送RTMP为例)

接收

最简单的基于librtmp的示例:接收(RTMP保存为FLV)

最简单的基于FFMPEG+SDL的视频播放器 ver2 (采用SDL2.0)

简介

相比于使用C/C++处理RTMP而言,使用ActionScript处理RTMP非常的简单。RTMP建立连接的方法都已经封装好了,只需要调用现成的接口函数就可以了。但是使用ActionScript处理RTMP的劣势也十分明显——可供自己开发的地方很少。由于Flash本身不开源,所以我们无法得到它的底层代码,因而也不能对编解码底层的参数进行调整。总而言之,ActionScript处理RTMP可以概括为几个字:“简单但是不灵活”。

ActionScript播放RTMP

ActionScript播放RTMP流媒体的流程如下图所示。

最简单的基于Flash的流媒体示例:RTMP推送和接收(ActionScript)

从图中可以看出,流程可以分成两部分:播放和显示。

播放

播放分成3步:

(1)建立NetConnection
(2)建立NetStream
(3)调用NetStream的play()方法

前2步分别建立了RTMP规范中的两个逻辑结构:NetConnection和NetStream。NetConnection代表服务器端应用程序和客户端之间基础的连通关系。NetStream代表了发送多媒体数据的通道。服务器和客户端之间只能建立一个NetConnection,但是基于该连接可以创建很多NetStream。这两个结构的结构如下图所示。

最简单的基于Flash的流媒体示例:RTMP推送和接收(ActionScript)

显示

显示部分将播放的视频显示在“舞台”上。这一部分通过创建一个Video对象实现。

ActionScript推送RTMP

ActionScript推送RTMP流媒体的流程如下图所示。

最简单的基于Flash的流媒体示例:RTMP推送和接收(ActionScript)

从图中可以看出,推送RTMP的流程和播放有些类似,最主要的不同在于推送最后调用的是NetStream的publish()方法,而播放最后调用的是NetStream的play()方法。推流分成4步:
(1)建立NetConnection
(2)建立NetStream
(3)绑定摄像头和麦克风
(4)调用NetStream的play()方法
推流程序开始运行后,可以通过ffplay,VLC或者Flash应用程序访问相应的RTMP URL查看流媒体。

代码

本文附件中包含以下2个ActionScript工程:

simplest as3 rtmp player,最简单的RTMP播放器,其中包含3个独立的子工程:

simplest_as3_rtmp_player:最简单的RTMP播放器。

simplest_as3_local_player:最简单的本地文件播放器。

simplest_as3_rtmp_player_multiscreen:最简单的RTMP多屏播放器。

simplest_as3_rtmp_streamer,最简单的RTMP推流器

下面看一下上述几个工程的源代码。

simplest_as3_rtmp_player

simplest_as3_rtmp_player是最简单的RTMP播放器,代码如下所示。

/**
 * 最简单的基于ActionScript的RTMP播放器
 * Simplest AS3 RTMP Player
 *
 * 雷霄骅 Lei Xiaohua
 * leixiaohua1020@126.com
 * 中国传媒大学/数字电视技术
 * Communication University of China / Digital TV Technology
 * http://blog.****.net/leixiaohua1020
 *
 * 本程序使用ActionScript3语言完成,播放RTMP服务器上的流媒体
 * 是最简单的基于ActionScript3的播放器。
 *
 * This software is written in Actionscript3, it plays stream
 * on RTMP server
 * It's the simplest RTMP player based on ActionScript3.
 *
 */
package {
    import flash.display.Sprite;
    import flash.net.NetConnection;
    import flash.events.NetStatusEvent;
    import flash.events.AsyncErrorEvent;
    import flash.net.NetStream;
    import flash.media.Video;

    public class simplest_as3_rtmp_player extends Sprite
    {
        var nc:NetConnection;
        var ns:NetStream;
		var video:Video;

        public function simplest_as3_rtmp_player()
        {
            nc = new NetConnection();
            nc.addEventListener(NetStatusEvent.NET_STATUS, netStatusHandler);
			nc.connect("rtmp://localhost/live");
        }

        private function netStatusHandler(event:NetStatusEvent):void
        {
			trace("event.info.level: " + event.info.level + "\n", "event.info.code: " + event.info.code);
            switch (event.info.code)
            {
                case "NetConnection.Connect.Success":
	                doVideo(nc);
	                break;
				case "NetConnection.Connect.Failed":
					break;
                case "NetConnection.Connect.Rejected":
					break;
	            case "NetStream.Play.Stop":
					break;
	            case "NetStream.Play.StreamNotFound":
					break;
	        }
        }

        // play a recorded stream on the server
        private function doVideo(nc:NetConnection):void {
            ns = new NetStream(nc);
            ns.addEventListener(NetStatusEvent.NET_STATUS, netStatusHandler);

            video = new Video(640,480);
            video.attachNetStream(ns);

            ns.play("myCamera");
            addChild(video);
        }

        // create a playlist on the server
		/*
        private function doPlaylist(nc:NetConnection):void {
            ns = new NetStream(nc);
            ns.addEventListener(NetStatusEvent.NET_STATUS, netStatusHandler);

            video = new Video();
            video.attachNetStream(ns);

            // Play the first 3 seconds of the video
            ns.play( "bikes", 0, 3, true );
			// Play from 20 seconds on
            ns.play( "bikes", 20, -1, false);
			// End on frame 5
			ns.play( "bikes", 5, 0, false );
            addChild(video);
        }
		*/
    }
}

simplest_as3_local_player

simplest_as3_local_player用于播放本地FLV文件。ActionScript中播放本地视频(*.flv)和播放RTMP流程是一样的:先创建NetConnection,再创建NetStream。它们最大的不同在于,播放本地文件建立NetConnection的时候,是不传地址的。例如播放RTMP的时候代码如下:

nc.connect("rtmp://localhost/live");

播放本地文件的时候代码如下:

nc.connect(null);

调用play()的时候,RTMP传递服务器上的路径,如下所示。

ns.play("myCamera");

本地文件直接传递本地路径,如下所示。

ns.play("sintel.flv");

simplest_as3_rtmp_player_multiscreen

simplest_as3_rtmp_player_multiscreen是一个多屏播放的简单例子。实现了2x2网格播放4路视频。不再过多记录。

simplest_as3_rtmp_streamer

simplest_as3_rtmp_player是最简单的RTMP推流器,代码如下所示。

/**
 * 最简单的基于ActionScript的RTMP推流器
 * Simplest AS3 RTMP Streamer
 *
 * 雷霄骅 Lei Xiaohua
 * leixiaohua1020@126.com
 * 中国传媒大学/数字电视技术
 * Communication University of China / Digital TV Technology
 * http://blog.****.net/leixiaohua1020
 *
 * 本程序使用ActionScript3语言完成,推送本地摄像头的数据至RTMP流媒体服务器,
 * 是最简单的基于ActionScript3的推流器。
 *
 * This software is written in Actionscript3, it streams camera's video to
 * RTMP server.
 * It's the simplest RTMP streamer based on ActionScript3.
 *
 */

package {
    import flash.display.MovieClip;
    import flash.net.NetConnection;
    import flash.events.NetStatusEvent;
    import flash.net.NetStream;
    import flash.media.Video;
	import flash.media.Camera;
    import flash.media.Microphone;
	//import flash.media.H264Profile;
    //import flash.media.H264VideoStreamSettings; 

    public class simplest_as3_rtmp_streamer extends MovieClip
    {
		var nc:NetConnection;
		var ns:NetStream;
		var nsPlayer:NetStream;
		var vid:Video;
		var vidPlayer:Video;
		var cam:Camera;
		var mic:Microphone;

		var screen_w:int=320;
		var screen_h:int=240;

		public function simplest_as3_rtmp_streamer()
        {
			nc = new NetConnection();
			nc.addEventListener(NetStatusEvent.NET_STATUS, onNetStatus);
			nc.connect("rtmp://localhost/live");
        }

		private function onNetStatus(event:NetStatusEvent):void{
			trace(event.info.code);
			if(event.info.code == "NetConnection.Connect.Success"){
				publishCamera();
				displayPublishingVideo();
				displayPlaybackVideo();
			}
		}

		private function publishCamera() {

			//Cam

			cam = Camera.getCamera();

			/**
             * public function setMode(width:int, height:int, fps:Number, favorArea:Boolean = true):void
             *  width:int — The requested capture width, in pixels. The default value is 160.
             *  height:int — The requested capture height, in pixels. The default value is 120.
             *  fps:Number — The requested capture frame rate, in frames per second. The default value is 15.
             */
			cam.setMode(640, 480, 15);  

			/**
			 * public function setKeyFrameInterval(keyFrameInterval:int):void
			 * The number of video frames transmitted in full (called keyframes) instead of being interpolated by the video compression algorithm.
			 * The default value is 15, which means that every 15th frame is a keyframe. A value of 1 means that every frame is a keyframe.
			 * The allowed values are 1 through 300.
			 */
            cam.setKeyFrameInterval(25);

			/**
			 * public function setQuality(bandwidth:int, quality:int):void
             * bandwidth:int — Specifies the maximum amount of bandwidth that the current outgoing video feed can use, in bytes per second (bps).
             *    To specify that the video can use as much bandwidth as needed to maintain the value of quality, pass 0 for bandwidth.
             *    The default value is 16384.
             * quality:int — An integer that specifies the required level of picture quality, as determined by the amount of compression
             *     being applied to each video frame. Acceptable values range from 1 (lowest quality, maximum compression) to 100
             *    (highest quality, no compression). To specify that picture quality can vary as needed to avoid exceeding bandwidth,
             *    pass 0 for quality.
             */
			cam.setQuality(200000, 90); 

			/**
			 * public function setProfileLevel(profile:String, level:String):void
			 * Set profile and level for video encoding.
			 * Possible values for profile are H264Profile.BASELINE and H264Profile.MAIN. Default value is H264Profile.BASELINE.
			 * Other values are ignored and results in an error.
			 * Supported levels are 1, 1b, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2, 2.1, 2.2, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 4, 4.1, 4.2, 5, and 5.1.
			 * Level may be increased if required by resolution and frame rate.
			 */
			//var h264setting:H264VideoStreamSettings = new H264VideoStreamSettings();
            // h264setting.setProfileLevel(H264Profile.MAIN, 4);   

			//Mic

			mic = Microphone.getMicrophone();

			/*
			 * The encoded speech quality when using the Speex codec. Possible values are from 0 to 10. The default value is 6.
			 * Higher numbers represent higher quality but require more bandwidth, as shown in the following table.
			 * The bit rate values that are listed represent net bit rates and do not include packetization overhead.
             * ------------------------------------------
			 * Quality value | Required bit rate (kbps)
			 *-------------------------------------------
			 *      0        |       3.95
			 *      1        |       5.75
			 *      2        |       7.75
			 *      3        |       9.80
			 *      4        |       12.8
			 *      5        |       16.8
			 *      6        |       20.6
			 *      7        |       23.8
			 *      8        |       27.8
			 *      9        |       34.2
			 *      10       |       42.2
			 *-------------------------------------------
			 */
			mic.encodeQuality = 9;  

            /* The rate at which the microphone is capturing sound, in kHz. Acceptable values are 5, 8, 11, 22, and 44. The default value is 8 kHz
             * if your sound capture device supports this value. Otherwise, the default value is the next available capture level above 8 kHz that
             * your sound capture device supports, usually 11 kHz.
			 *
             */
			mic.rate = 44;  

			ns = new NetStream(nc);
			//H.264 Setting
			//ns.videoStreamSettings = h264setting;
			ns.attachCamera(cam);
			ns.attachAudio(mic);
			ns.publish("myCamera", "live");
		}

		private function displayPublishingVideo():void {
			vid = new Video(screen_w, screen_h);
			vid.x = 10;
			vid.y = 10;
			vid.attachCamera(cam);
			addChild(vid);
		}

		private function displayPlaybackVideo():void{
			nsPlayer = new NetStream(nc);
			nsPlayer.play("myCamera");
			vidPlayer = new Video(screen_w, screen_h);
			vidPlayer.x = screen_w + 20;
			vidPlayer.y = 10;
			vidPlayer.attachNetStream(nsPlayer);
			addChild(vidPlayer);
		}
	}
}

结果

simplest as3 rtmp player运行后会自动连接RTMP URL:rtmp://localhost/live/myCamera。

程序运行后的结果如下图所示。

最简单的基于Flash的流媒体示例:RTMP推送和接收(ActionScript)

simplest_as3_local_player运行会播放sintel.flv文件。

运行结果如下图所示。

最简单的基于Flash的流媒体示例:RTMP推送和接收(ActionScript)

simplest_as3_rtmp_player_multiscreen运行后会连接4个RTMP URL。

运行结果如下图所示。

最简单的基于Flash的流媒体示例:RTMP推送和接收(ActionScript)

simplest_as3_rtmp_streamer运行结果后会推送本机的摄像头的视频和麦克风的音频到指定的RTMP URL(在这里是rtmp://localhost/live/myCamera)。左侧的视频是从摄像头读取的视频,右侧的视频是推流后从RTMP URL读取的视频(一般会有一定延时)。

运行结果如下图所示。

最简单的基于Flash的流媒体示例:RTMP推送和接收(ActionScript)

下载

Simplest flashmedia example

SourceForge:https://sourceforge.net/projects/simplestflashmediaexample/

Github:https://github.com/leixiaohua1020/simplest_flashmedia_example

开源中国:http://git.oschina.net/leixiaohua1020/simplest_flashmedia_example

****下载:http://download.****.net/detail/leixiaohua1020/8456441

本工程包含如下基于Flash技术的流媒体的例子:
simplest_as3_rtmp_player:  最简单的RTMP播放器(基于ActionScript)
simplest_as3_rtmp_streamer: 最简单的RTMP推流器(基于ActionScript)
rtmp_sample_player_adobe:  从Adobe Flash Media Sever提取出来的测试播放器
rtmp_sample_player_wowza: 从Wowza服务器中提取出来的测试播放器
rtmp_sample_player_flowplayer: 基于FlowPlayer的RTMP/HTTP播放器(添加RTMP plugin)
rtmp_sample_player_videojs: 基于VideoJS的RTMP/HTTP播放器
rtmp_sample_player_jwplayer: 基于JWplayer的RTMP/HTTP播放器
hls_sample_player_flowplayer: 基于FlowPlayer的HLS播放器(添加HLS plugin)
hls_video_player_html5:  基于HTML5的HLS/HTTP播放器
activex_vlc_player:  基于VLC的ActiveX控件的播放器

注意:某些播放器直接打开html页面是不能工作的,需要把播放器放到Web服务器上。
(例如Apache或者Nginx)