NPOI、MyXls、Aspose.Cells 导入导出Excel(转)

时间:2022-03-29 10:46:38

Excel导入及导出问题产生:

  从接触.net到现在一直在维护一个DataTable导s出到Excel的类,时不时还会维护一个导入类。以下是时不时就会出现的问题:

导出问题:

  如果是asp.net,你得在服务器端装Office,几百M呢,还得及时更新它,以防漏洞,还得设定权限允许ASP.net访问COM+,听说如果导出过程中出问题可能导致服务器宕机。

  Excel会把只包含数字的列进行类型转换,本来是文本型的,它非要把你转成数值型的,像身份证后三位变成000,编号000123会变成123,够智能吧,够郁闷吧。不过这些都还是可以变通解决的,在他们前边加上一个字母,让他们不只包含数字。

  导出时,如果你的字段内容以"-"或"="开头,Excel好像把它当成了公式什么的,接下来就出错,提示:类似,保存到Sheet1的问题

导入问题:

  Excel会根据你的 Excel文件前8行分析数据类型,如果正好你前8行某一列只是数字,那它会认为你这一列就是数值型的,然后,身份证,手机,编号都转吧变成类似这样的1.42702E+17格式,日期列变成 包含日期和数字的,乱的很,可以通过改注册表让Excel分析整个表,但如果整列都是数字,那这个问题还是解决不了。

以上问题,一般人初次做时肯定得上网查查吧,一个问题接着另一个问题,查到你郁郁而死,还有很多问题没解决,最终感觉已经解决的不错了,但还不能保证某一天还会出个什么问题。

使用第三方开源组件导入及导出Excel的解决方案:

  NPOI || MyXls || Aspose.Cells == 研究几年Excel。

  NPOI开源地址:http://npoi.codeplex.com/
NPOI中文文档:http://www.cnblogs.com/tonyqus/archive/2009/04/12/1434209.html

  MyXls开源地址:http://sourceforge.net/projects/myxls/

Aspose.Cells是个商业软件,下载地址:http://www.evget.com/zh-CN/product/563/feature_en.aspx

下面来两个简单入门例子:
MyXls 快速入门例子:


/// <summary>
/// MyXls简单Demo,快速入门代码
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dtSource"></param>
/// <param name="strFileName"></param>
/// <remarks>MyXls认为Excel的第一个单元格是:(1,1)</remarks>
/// <Author>柳永法 http://www.yongfa365.com/ 2010-5-8 22:21:41</Author>
public static void ExportEasy(DataTable dtSource, string strFileName)
{
XlsDocument xls = new XlsDocument();
Worksheet sheet = xls.Workbook.Worksheets.Add("Sheet1"); //填充表头
foreach (DataColumn col in dtSource.Columns)
{
sheet.Cells.Add(1, col.Ordinal + 1, col.ColumnName);
} //填充内容
for (int i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < dtSource.Columns.Count; j++)
{
sheet.Cells.Add(i + 2, j + 1, dtSource.Rows[i][j].ToString());
}
} //保存
xls.FileName = strFileName;
xls.Save();
}

NPOI 快速入门例子:
/// <summary>
/// NPOI简单Demo,快速入门代码
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dtSource"></param>
/// <param name="strFileName"></param>
/// <remarks>NPOI认为Excel的第一个单元格是:(0,0)</remarks>
/// <Author>柳永法 http://www.yongfa365.com/ 2010-5-8 22:21:41</Author>
publicstaticvoid ExportEasy(DataTable dtSource, string strFileName)
{
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet(); //填充表头
HSSFRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(0);
foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns)
{
dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.ColumnName);
} //填充内容
for (int i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++)
{
dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(i + 1);
for (int j = 0; j < dtSource.Columns.Count; j++)
{
dataRow.CreateCell(j).SetCellValue(dtSource.Rows[i][j].ToString());
}
} //保存
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFileName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write))
{
workbook.Write(fs);
}
workbook.Dispose();
}


/// <summary>
/// NPOI简单Demo,快速入门代码
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dtSource"></param>
/// <param name="strFileName"></param>
/// <remarks>NPOI认为Excel的第一个单元格是:(0,0)</remarks>
/// <Author>柳永法 http://www.yongfa365.com/ 2010-5-8 22:21:41</Author>
public static void ExportEasy(DataTable dtSource, string strFileName)
{
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet(); //填充表头
HSSFRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(0);
foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns)
{
dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.ColumnName);
} //填充内容
for (int i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++)
{
dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(i + 1);
for (int j = 0; j < dtSource.Columns.Count; j++)
{
dataRow.CreateCell(j).SetCellValue(dtSource.Rows[i][j].ToString());
}
} //保存
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFileName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write))
{
workbook.Write(fs);
}
workbook.Dispose();
}

接下来是柳永法(yongfa365)'Blog封装的可以用在实际项目中的类,实现的功能有(仅NPOI):

  1. 支持web及winform从DataTable导出到Excel。
  2. 生成速度很快。
  3. 准确判断数据类型,不会出现身份证转数值等上面提到的一系列问题。
  4. 如果单页条数大于65535时会新建工作表。
  5. 列宽自适应。
  6. 支持读取Excel。
  7. 调用方便,只一调用一个静态类就OK了。

因为测试期间发现MyXls导出速度要比NPOI慢3倍,而NPOI既能满足我们的导出需求,又能很好的满足我们的导入需求,所以只针对NPOI进行全方位功能实现及优化。

MyXls导出相关类:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using org.in2bits.MyXls;
using org.in2bits.MyXls.ByteUtil;
using System.Data; class ExcelHelper
{
public static void Export(DataTable dtSource, string strHeaderText, string strFileName)
{
XlsDocument xls = new XlsDocument();
xls.FileName = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmssffff", System.Globalization.DateTimeFormatInfo.InvariantInfo);
xls.SummaryInformation.Author = "yongfa365"; //填加xls文件作者信息
xls.SummaryInformation.NameOfCreatingApplication = "liu yongfa"; //填加xls文件创建程序信息
xls.SummaryInformation.LastSavedBy = "LastSavedBy"; //填加xls文件最后保存者信息
xls.SummaryInformation.Comments = "Comments"; //填加xls文件作者信息
xls.SummaryInformation.Title = "title"; //填加xls文件标题信息
xls.SummaryInformation.Subject = "Subject";//填加文件主题信息
xls.DocumentSummaryInformation.Company = "company";//填加文件公司信息 Worksheet sheet = xls.Workbook.Worksheets.Add("Sheet1");//状态栏标题名称
Cells cells = sheet.Cells; foreach (DataColumn col in dtSource.Columns)
{
Cell cell = cells.Add(1, col.Ordinal + 1, col.ColumnName);
cell.Font.FontFamily = FontFamilies.Roman; //字体
cell.Font.Bold = true; //字体为粗体 }
#region 填充内容
XF dateStyle = xls.NewXF();
dateStyle.Format = "yyyy-mm-dd"; for (int i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < dtSource.Columns.Count; j++)
{ int rowIndex = i + 2;
int colIndex = j + 1;
string drValue = dtSource.Rows[i][j].ToString(); switch (dtSource.Rows[i][j].GetType().ToString())
{
case "System.String"://字符串类型
cells.Add(rowIndex, colIndex, drValue);
break;
case "System.DateTime"://日期类型
DateTime dateV;
DateTime.TryParse(drValue, out dateV);
cells.Add(rowIndex, colIndex, dateV, dateStyle);
break;
case "System.Boolean"://布尔型
bool boolV = false;
bool.TryParse(drValue, out boolV);
cells.Add(rowIndex, colIndex, boolV);
break;
case "System.Int16"://整型
case "System.Int32":
case "System.Int64":
case "System.Byte":
int intV = 0;
int.TryParse(drValue, out intV);
cells.Add(rowIndex, colIndex, intV);
break;
case "System.Decimal"://浮点型
case "System.Double":
double doubV = 0;
double.TryParse(drValue, out doubV);
cells.Add(rowIndex, colIndex, doubV);
break;
case "System.DBNull"://空值处理
cells.Add(rowIndex, colIndex, null);
break;
default:
cells.Add(rowIndex, colIndex, null);
break;
}
}
} #endregion xls.FileName = strFileName;
xls.Save();
}
}

NPOI导入导出相关类:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Web;
using NPOI;
using NPOI.HPSF;
using NPOI.HSSF;
using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel;
using NPOI.HSSF.Util;
using NPOI.POIFS;
using NPOI.Util; public class ExcelHelper
{
/// <summary>
/// DataTable导出到Excel文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dtSource">源DataTable</param>
/// <param name="strHeaderText">表头文本</param>
/// <param name="strFileName">保存位置</param>
/// <Author>柳永法 http://www.yongfa365.com/ 2010-5-8 22:21:41</Author>
public static void Export(DataTable dtSource, string strHeaderText, string strFileName)
{
using (MemoryStream ms = Export(dtSource, strHeaderText))
{
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFileName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write))
{
byte[] data = ms.ToArray();
fs.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
fs.Flush();
}
}
} /// <summary>
/// DataTable导出到Excel的MemoryStream
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dtSource">源DataTable</param>
/// <param name="strHeaderText">表头文本</param>
/// <Author>柳永法 http://www.yongfa365.com/ 2010-5-8 22:21:41</Author>
public static MemoryStream Export(DataTable dtSource, string strHeaderText)
{
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet(); #region 右击文件 属性信息
{
DocumentSummaryInformation dsi = PropertySetFactory.CreateDocumentSummaryInformation();
dsi.Company = "http://www.yongfa365.com/";
workbook.DocumentSummaryInformation = dsi; SummaryInformation si = PropertySetFactory.CreateSummaryInformation();
si.Author = "柳永法"; //填加xls文件作者信息
si.ApplicationName = "NPOI测试程序"; //填加xls文件创建程序信息
si.LastAuthor = "柳永法2"; //填加xls文件最后保存者信息
si.Comments = "说明信息"; //填加xls文件作者信息
si.Title = "NPOI测试"; //填加xls文件标题信息
si.Subject = "NPOI测试Demo";//填加文件主题信息
si.CreateDateTime = DateTime.Now;
workbook.SummaryInformation = si;
}
#endregion HSSFCellStyle dateStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle();
HSSFDataFormat format = workbook.CreateDataFormat();
dateStyle.DataFormat = format.GetFormat("yyyy-mm-dd"); //取得列宽
int[] arrColWidth = new int[dtSource.Columns.Count];
foreach (DataColumn item in dtSource.Columns)
{
arrColWidth[item.Ordinal] = Encoding.GetEncoding(936).GetBytes(item.ColumnName.ToString()).Length;
}
for (int i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < dtSource.Columns.Count; j++)
{
int intTemp = Encoding.GetEncoding(936).GetBytes(dtSource.Rows[i][j].ToString()).Length;
if (intTemp > arrColWidth[j])
{
arrColWidth[j] = intTemp;
}
}
} int rowIndex = 0; foreach (DataRow row in dtSource.Rows)
{
#region 新建表,填充表头,填充列头,样式
if (rowIndex == 65535 || rowIndex == 0)
{
if (rowIndex != 0)
{
sheet = workbook.CreateSheet();
} #region 表头及样式
{
HSSFRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0);
headerRow.HeightInPoints = 25;
headerRow.CreateCell(0).SetCellValue(strHeaderText); HSSFCellStyle headStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle();
headStyle.Alignment = CellHorizontalAlignment.CENTER;
HSSFFont font = workbook.CreateFont();
font.FontHeightInPoints = 20;
font.Boldweight = 700;
headStyle.SetFont(font); headerRow.GetCell(0).CellStyle = headStyle; sheet.AddMergedRegion(new Region(0, 0, 0, dtSource.Columns.Count - 1));
headerRow.Dispose();
}
#endregion #region 列头及样式
{
HSSFRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(1); HSSFCellStyle headStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle();
headStyle.Alignment = CellHorizontalAlignment.CENTER;
HSSFFont font = workbook.CreateFont();
font.FontHeightInPoints = 10;
font.Boldweight = 700;
headStyle.SetFont(font); foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns)
{
headerRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.ColumnName);
headerRow.GetCell(column.Ordinal).CellStyle = headStyle; //设置列宽
sheet.SetColumnWidth(column.Ordinal, (arrColWidth[column.Ordinal] + 1) * 256); }
headerRow.Dispose();
}
#endregion rowIndex = 2;
}
#endregion #region 填充内容
HSSFRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex);
foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns)
{
HSSFCell newCell = dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal); string drValue = row[column].ToString(); switch (column.DataType.ToString())
{
case "System.String"://字符串类型
newCell.SetCellValue(drValue);
break;
case "System.DateTime"://日期类型
DateTime dateV;
DateTime.TryParse(drValue, out dateV);
newCell.SetCellValue(dateV); newCell.CellStyle = dateStyle;//格式化显示
break;
case "System.Boolean"://布尔型
bool boolV = false;
bool.TryParse(drValue, out boolV);
newCell.SetCellValue(boolV);
break;
case "System.Int16"://整型
case "System.Int32":
case "System.Int64":
case "System.Byte":
int intV = 0;
int.TryParse(drValue, out intV);
newCell.SetCellValue(intV);
break;
case "System.Decimal"://浮点型
case "System.Double":
double doubV = 0;
double.TryParse(drValue, out doubV);
newCell.SetCellValue(doubV);
break;
case "System.DBNull"://空值处理
newCell.SetCellValue("");
break;
default:
newCell.SetCellValue("");
break;
} }
#endregion rowIndex++;
} using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
{
workbook.Write(ms);
ms.Flush();
ms.Position = 0; sheet.Dispose();
//workbook.Dispose();//一般只用写这一个就OK了,他会遍历并释放所有资源,但当前版本有问题所以只释放sheet
return ms;
} } /// <summary>
/// 用于Web导出
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dtSource">源DataTable</param>
/// <param name="strHeaderText">表头文本</param>
/// <param name="strFileName">文件名</param>
/// <Author>柳永法 http://www.yongfa365.com/ 2010-5-8 22:21:41</Author>
public static void ExportByWeb(DataTable dtSource, string strHeaderText, string strFileName)
{ HttpContext curContext = HttpContext.Current; // 设置编码和附件格式
curContext.Response.ContentType = "application/vnd.ms-excel";
curContext.Response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
curContext.Response.Charset = "";
curContext.Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition",
"attachment;filename=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(strFileName, Encoding.UTF8)); curContext.Response.BinaryWrite(Export(dtSource, strHeaderText).GetBuffer());
curContext.Response.End(); } /// <summary>读取excel
/// 默认第一行为标头
/// </summary>
/// <param name="strFileName">excel文档路径</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static DataTable Import(string strFileName)
{
DataTable dt = new DataTable(); HSSFWorkbook hssfworkbook;
using (FileStream file = new FileStream(strFileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
{
hssfworkbook = new HSSFWorkbook(file);
}
HSSFSheet sheet = hssfworkbook.GetSheetAt(0);
System.Collections.IEnumerator rows = sheet.GetRowEnumerator(); HSSFRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0);
int cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum; for (int j = 0; j < cellCount; j++)
{
HSSFCell cell = headerRow.GetCell(j);
dt.Columns.Add(cell.ToString());
} for (int i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= sheet.LastRowNum; i++)
{
HSSFRow row = sheet.GetRow(i);
DataRow dataRow = dt.NewRow(); for (int j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++)
{
if (row.GetCell(j) != null)
dataRow[j] = row.GetCell(j).ToString();
} dt.Rows.Add(dataRow);
}
return dt;
} }
Aspose.Cells 使用整理 
 

以上

这两天用Aspose.Cells构建一个Excel报表,感觉这个组件还比较好用.记录一下常用的使用知识:这两天用Aspose.Cells构建一个Excel报表,感觉这个组件还比较好用.记录一下常用的使用知识:

1.创建Workbook和Worksheet

workbook&worksheet1
Workbook wb = new Workbook();
wb.Worksheets.Clear();
wb.Worksheets.Add("New Worksheet1");//New Worksheet1是Worksheet的name
Worksheet ws = wb.Worksheets[0];
如果直接用下边两句则直接使用默认的第一个Worksheet:

workbook&worksheet2
Workbook wb = new Workbook();
Worksheet ws = wb.Worksheets[0];
2.给Cell赋值设置背景颜色并加背景色:

cell1
Cell cell = ws.Cells[0, 0];
cell.PutValue("填充"); //必须用PutValue方法赋值
cell.Style.ForegroundColor = Color.Yellow;
cell.Style.Pattern = BackgroundType.Solid;
cell.Style.Font.Size = 10;
cell.Style.Font.Color = Color.Blue;
自定义格式:

cell2
cell.Style.Custom = "ddd, dd mmmm 'yy";
旋转字体:

cell3
cell.Style.Rotation = 90;
3.设置Range并赋值加Style

range1
int styleIndex = wb.Styles.Add();
Style style = wb.Styles[styleIndex];
style.ForegroundColor = Color.Yellow;
style.Pattern = BackgroundType.Solid;
style.Font.Size = 10;

//从Cells[0,0]开始创建一个2行3列的Range
Range range = ws.Cells.CreateRange(0, 0, 2, 3);
Cell cell = range[0, 0];
cell.Style.Font = 9;
range.Style = style;
range.Merge();
注意Range不能直接设置Style.必须先定义style再将style赋给Style.其他设置和Cell基本一致.Range的Style会覆盖Cell定义的Style.另外必须先赋值再传Style.否则可能不生效.

4.使用Formula:

formula1
ws.Cells[0,0].PutValue(1);
ws.Cells[1,0].PutValue(20);
ws.Cells[2,0].Formula="SUM(A1:B1)";
wb.CalculateFormula(true);
Save Excel文件的时候必须调用CalculateFormula方法计算结果.

5.插入图片:

pictures1
string imageUrl = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/images/log_topleft.gif");
ws.Pictures.Add(10, 10, imageUrl);

6.使用Validations:

validations1
Cells cells = ws.Cells;

cells[12, 0].PutValue("Please enter a number other than 0 to 10 in B1 to activate data validation:");
cells[12, 0].Style.IsTextWrapped = true;

cells[12, 1].PutValue(5);
Validations validations = totalSheet.Validations;

Validation validation = validations[validations.Add()];
//Set the data validation type
validation.Type = ValidationType.WholeNumber;
//Set the operator for the data validation
validation.Operator = OperatorType.Between;
//Set the value or expression associated with the data validation
validation.Formula1 = "0";
//the value or expression associated with the second part of the data validation
validation.Formula2 = "10";

validation.ShowError = true;
//Set the validation alert style
validation.AlertStyle = ValidationAlertType.Information;
//Set the title of the data-validation error dialog box
validation.ErrorTitle = "Error";
//Set the data validation error message
validation.ErrorMessage = " Enter value between 0 to 10";
//Set the data validation input message
validation.InputMessage = "Data Validation using Condition for Numbers";
validation.IgnoreBlank = true;
validation.ShowInput = true;
validation.ShowError = true;

//设置Validations的区域,因为现在要Validations的位置是12,1,所以下面设置对应的也要是12,1
CellArea cellArea;
cellArea.StartRow = 12;
cellArea.EndRow = 12;
cellArea.StartColumn = 1;
cellArea.EndColumn = 1;
validation.AreaList.Add(cellArea);

/*
要注意 的地方Validations 也是和Range的Style一样,要新增的,否则不生效
*/

相关源码及测试用例下载地址:

http://download.csdn.net/source/2330821

参考地址:

NPOI导出Excel表功能实现(多个工作簿):http://www.cnblogs.com/zhengjuzhuan/archive/2010/02/01/1661103.html
在 Server 端存取 Excel 檔案的利器:NPOI Library:http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-tw/ee818993.aspx
ASP.NET使用NPOI类库导出Excel:http://www.cnblogs.com/niunan/archive/2010/03/30/1700706.html

总结:

  通过以上分析,我们不难发现,用NPOI或MyXls代替是Excel是很明智的,在发文前,我看到NPOI及MyXls仍然在活跃的更新中。在使用过程中发现这两个组件极相似,以前看过文章说他们使用的内核是一样的。还有NPOI是国人开发的,且有相关中文文档,在很多地方有相关引用,下载量也很大。并且它支持Excel,看到MyXls相关问题基本上没人回答,所以推荐使用NPOI。MyXls可以直接Cell.Font.Bold操作,而NPOI得使用CellType多少感觉有点麻烦。

转载自:http://www.verydemo.com/demo_c298_i6971.html