就这三步骤，下面的是实例不看也罢。
apt-get update ###第一步一定要先执行这个更新下。不更新下面的安装命令会显示找不到网络包 //ifconfig apt install net-tools //ping apt install iputils-ping
具体实例如下：
root@localhost ~]# docker run -it ubuntu:16.04 /bin/bash #####进入容器内 root@f87aa9698ac1:/# root@f87aa9698ac1:/# ping 8.8.8.8 ###首先ping会显示没有安装这个命令 bash: ping: command not found root@f87aa9698ac1:/# apt install net-tools ###直接执行安装命令是显示找不到网络包 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done E: Unable to locate package net-tools root@f87aa9698ac1:/# ping 8.8.8.8 bash: ping: command not found root@f87aa9698ac1:/# apt install iputils-ping Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done E: Unable to locate package iputils-ping root@f87aa9698ac1:/#
执行apt-get update更新后操作：
root@0f1ea1b63d74:/# apt-get update Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease [247 kB] Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [109 kB] Get:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 Packages [893 kB] Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [109 kB] Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease [107 kB] Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages [1558 kB] Get:7 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/restricted amd64 Packages [12.7 kB] Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe amd64 Packages [567 kB] Get:9 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [6121 B] Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/restricted amd64 Packages [14.1 kB] Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 Packages [9827 kB] Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/multiverse amd64 Packages [176 kB] Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages [1276 kB] Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [13.1 kB] Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 Packages [974 kB] Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [19.1 kB] Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/main amd64 Packages [7942 B] Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/universe amd64 Packages [8532 B] Fetched 15.9 MB in 19s (826 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done root@0f1ea1b63d74:/# apt install iputils-ping Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: libffi6 libgmp10 libgnutls-openssl27 libgnutls30 libhogweed4 libidn11 libnettle6 libp11-kit0 libtasn1-6 Suggested packages: gnutls-bin The following NEW packages will be installed: iputils-ping libffi6 libgmp10 libgnutls-openssl27 libgnutls30 libhogweed4 libidn11 libnettle6 libp11-kit0 libtasn1-6 0 upgraded, 10 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded. Need to get 1305 kB of archives. After this operation, 3779 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libgmp10 amd64 2:6.1.0+dfsg-2 [240 kB] Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libnettle6 amd64 3.2-1ubuntu0.16.04.1 [93.5 kB] Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libhogweed4 amd64 3.2-1ubuntu0.16.04.1 [136 kB] Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libidn11 amd64 1.32-3ubuntu1.2 [46.5 kB] Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libffi6 amd64 3.2.1-4 [17.8 kB] Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libp11-kit0 amd64 0.23.2-5~ubuntu16.04.1 [105 kB] Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libtasn1-6 amd64 4.7-3ubuntu0.16.04.3 [43.5 kB] Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libgnutls30 amd64 3.4.10-4ubuntu1.5 [548 kB] Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libgnutls-openssl27 amd64 3.4.10-4ubuntu1.5 [22.0 kB] Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 iputils-ping amd64 3:20121221-5ubuntu2 [52.7 kB] Fetched 1305 kB in 2s (493 kB/s) debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed Selecting previously unselected package libgmp10:amd64. (Reading database ... 4777 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libgmp10_2%3a6.1.0+dfsg-2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libgmp10:amd64 (2:6.1.0+dfsg-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libnettle6:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../libnettle6_3.2-1ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libnettle6:amd64 (3.2-1ubuntu0.16.04.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libhogweed4:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../libhogweed4_3.2-1ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libhogweed4:amd64 (3.2-1ubuntu0.16.04.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libidn11:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../libidn11_1.32-3ubuntu1.2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libidn11:amd64 (1.32-3ubuntu1.2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libffi6:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../libffi6_3.2.1-4_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libffi6:amd64 (3.2.1-4) ... Selecting previously unselected package libp11-kit0:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../libp11-kit0_0.23.2-5~ubuntu16.04.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libp11-kit0:amd64 (0.23.2-5~ubuntu16.04.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package libtasn1-6:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../libtasn1-6_4.7-3ubuntu0.16.04.3_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libtasn1-6:amd64 (4.7-3ubuntu0.16.04.3) ... Selecting previously unselected package libgnutls30:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../libgnutls30_3.4.10-4ubuntu1.5_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libgnutls30:amd64 (3.4.10-4ubuntu1.5) ... Selecting previously unselected package libgnutls-openssl27:amd64. Preparing to unpack .../libgnutls-openssl27_3.4.10-4ubuntu1.5_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libgnutls-openssl27:amd64 (3.4.10-4ubuntu1.5) ... Selecting previously unselected package iputils-ping. Preparing to unpack .../iputils-ping_3%3a20121221-5ubuntu2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking iputils-ping (3:20121221-5ubuntu2) ... Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu11) ... Setting up libgmp10:amd64 (2:6.1.0+dfsg-2) ... Setting up libnettle6:amd64 (3.2-1ubuntu0.16.04.1) ... Setting up libhogweed4:amd64 (3.2-1ubuntu0.16.04.1) ... Setting up libidn11:amd64 (1.32-3ubuntu1.2) ... Setting up libffi6:amd64 (3.2.1-4) ... Setting up libp11-kit0:amd64 (0.23.2-5~ubuntu16.04.1) ... Setting up libtasn1-6:amd64 (4.7-3ubuntu0.16.04.3) ... Setting up libgnutls30:amd64 (3.4.10-4ubuntu1.5) ... Setting up libgnutls-openssl27:amd64 (3.4.10-4ubuntu1.5) ... Setting up iputils-ping (3:20121221-5ubuntu2) ... Setcap is not installed, falling back to setuid Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu11) ... root@0f1ea1b63d74:/# apt install net-tools ###这里再安装就可以执行安装了 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: net-tools 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded. Need to get 175 kB of archives. After this operation, 725 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 net-tools amd64 1.60-26ubuntu1 [175 kB] Fetched 175 kB in 1s (134 kB/s) debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed Selecting previously unselected package net-tools. (Reading database ... 4841 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../net-tools_1.60-26ubuntu1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking net-tools (1.60-26ubuntu1) ... Setting up net-tools (1.60-26ubuntu1) ... root@0f1ea1b63d74:/# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:ac:11:00:04 inet addr:172.17.0.4 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0 inet6 addr: fe80::42:acff:fe11:4/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:8433 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:7635 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:17970895 (17.9 MB) TX bytes:594987 (594.9 KB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) root@0f1ea1b63d74:/# ping baidu.com PING baidu.com (220.181.38.148) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: icmp_seq=1 ttl=47 time=39.9 ms 64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: icmp_seq=2 ttl=47 time=41.1 ms 64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: icmp_seq=3 ttl=47 time=38.3 ms 64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: icmp_seq=4 ttl=47 time=43.6 ms 64 bytes from 220.181.38.148: icmp_seq=5 ttl=47 time=39.0 ms ^C --- baidu.com ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4005ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 38.343/40.419/43.629/1.859 ms