上一篇文章中。我们使用location.hash来模拟ajax的前进后退功能。使用location.hash存在以下几个问题：
1.使用location.hash会导致地址栏的url发生变化。用户体验不够友好。
2.location.hash产生的历史记录无法改动。每次hash改变都会导致产生一个新的历史记录。
3.location.hash仅仅是1个字符串，不能存储非常多状态相关的信息。
为了解决这些问题，HTML5中引入了history.pushState()、history.replaceState()、popstate事件来处理浏览器历史记录的问题。
以下的代码能够达到跟location.hash同样的效果，能够看到地址栏url不会改变。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript"> var currentPageIndex = 0; window.onload = function(){
currentPageIndex = 0;
showPageAtIndex(currentPageIndex);
addHistory(currentPageIndex);
} // onpopstate能够监控state变化
window.onpopstate = function(e){
if(history.state)
{
var state = history.state;
showPageAtIndex(state.id);
}
} function toNextPageWhenClick()
{
currentPageIndex++; if(isValidPageIndex(currentPageIndex))
{
showPageAtIndex(currentPageIndex);
addHistory(currentPageIndex);
}
else
{
return;
}
} function showPageAtIndex(id)
{
$("div[id!="+id+"]").hide();
$("#"+id).show(); if(isHomePage(id))
{
$("input").attr("value","current is home page,next page=1");
}
else if(isLastPage(id))
{
$("input").attr("value","current page="+id+", it is the end.");
}
else
{
$("input").attr("value","current page="+id+",next page="+(id+1));
}
} function isValidPageIndex(id)
{
return id <= 5;
} function isLastPage(id)
{
return id == 5;
} function isHomePage(id)
{
return id == 0;
} // 添加历史记录
function addHistory(id)
{
history.pushState({"id":id},"","");
}
</script> <style>
.navigate{
height:100px;
width:300px;
background-color:#0000ff;
display:none;
} .home{
height:100px;
width:300px;
background-color:#00ff00;
display:none;
} .last{
height:100px;
width:300px;
background-color:#ff0000;
display:none;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" value="" onclick="toNextPageWhenClick();"> <div class="home" id="0">HOME PAGE</div>
<div class="navigate" id="1">ajax1</div>
<div class="navigate" id="2">ajax2</div>
<div class="navigate" id="3">ajax3</div>
<div class="navigate" id="4">ajax4</div>
<div class="last" id="5">last page</div>
</body>
</html>
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