实现自己的BeanFactory、AOP以及声明式事务

时间:2023-03-09 14:46:00
实现自己的BeanFactory、AOP以及声明式事务

实现自己的BeanFactory                                                                  

在使用spring时,我们很少用"new"关键字创建对象,而是通过spring容器BeanFactory提供的getBean()方法得到对象:

BeanFactory ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext();

通过spring容器统一管理bean的创建,避免了代码中四处散落的"new"关键字,使我们能够统一管理对象的创建与销毁,本节将模仿spring创建一个自己版本的BeanFactory。首先我们定义一个Dao接口和实现,该接口提供一个方法用于保存Student:

public interface StudentDao {
void saveStudent();
} public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {
public void saveStudent(){
System.out.println("save success!");
}
}

  然后我们再创建一个service,该service将调用上面定义的Dao用于存储Student:

public class StudentService {
private StudentDao stuDao; public void saveStudent() {
stuDao.saveStudent();
} public StudentDao getStuDao() {
return stuDao;
} public void setStuDao(StudentDao stuDao) {
this.stuDao = stuDao;
}
}

  和spring一样,我们也需要一个xml文件用于定义bean对象的创建规则,该xml文件即为beans.xml,其内容如下:

<beans>
<bean id="stuDao" class="dao.impl.StudentDaoImpl" />
<bean id="stuService" class="service.StudentService">
<property name="stuDao" bean="stuDao"/>
</bean>
</beans>

  现在,两个JavaBean对象已经定义好了,分别是:StudentDaoImpl和StudentService,beans.xml文件也定义好了,现在我们需要定义一个工厂(Factory),该Factory将根据beans.xml定义的对象创建规则创建JavaBean,然后把创建的JavaBean保存起来,并提供一个getBean()方法以便用户获得这些JavaBean,这个工厂的接口与实现如下:

public interface BeanFactory {
public Object getBean(String name);
} public class ClassPathXmlApplicationContext implements BeanFactory {
private Map<String, Object> beans = new HashMap<String, Object>(); public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext() {
try {
SAXBuilder sb = new SAXBuilder();
Document doc = (Document) sb.build(this.getClass().getClassLoader()
.getResourceAsStream("beans.xml"));
Element root = doc.getRootElement(); List<Element> list = (List<Element>) root.getChildren("bean");
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
Element element = (Element) list.get(i);
String id = element.getAttributeValue("id");
String clazz = element.getAttributeValue("class");
Object o = Class.forName(clazz).newInstance();
beans.put(id, o); for (Element element2 : (List<Element>) element
.getChildren("property")) {
String name = element2.getAttributeValue("name");
String bean = element2.getAttributeValue("bean");
Object beanObject = beans.get(bean);
String methodName = "set"
+ name.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()
+ name.substring(1);
Method m = o.getClass().getMethod(methodName,
beanObject.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]);
m.invoke(o, beanObject);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} @Override
public Object getBean(String name) {
return beans.get(name);
}
}

  可以看到,在ClassPathXmlApplicationContext的构造函数中,我们读取并解析xml文件,然后创建对象,并把对象保存在一个HashMap中,ClassPathXmlApplicationContext类的getBean方法传入一个bean name,然后我们在map中查找name对应对象并返回。

最后,我们创建一个测试类,用于测试我们编写的代码是否正确:

public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BeanFactory ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext();
StudentService s = (StudentService) ctx.getBean("stuService");
s.saveStudent();
}
}

  至此,一个简单的BeanFactory实现了,这个BeanFactory的实现使用到了xml解析技术和反射技术。

实现自己的AOP                                                                           

AOP,即面向方面编程,主要用于把日志记录,性能统计,异常处理等非业务逻辑代码从业务逻辑代码中分离出来。下面我们通过Java动态代理实现自己的AOP功能,这个例子会在方法启动前和启动后打印当前时间,并计算方法耗时。首先我们定义一个Advice接口和实现,该接口定义了方法调用前和方法调用后的行为:

public interface Advice {
void beforeMethod(Method method);
void afterMethod(Method method);
} public class MyAdvice implements Advice {
long beginTime = 0;
public void beforeMethod(Method method) {
System.out.println("before time: " + System.currentTimeMillis());
beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
} public void afterMethod(Method method) {
System.out.println("after time: " + System.currentTimeMillis());
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(method.getName() + " running time of " + (endTime - beginTime)); }
}

然后我们定义一个xml文件,在该xml文件中定义了一个bean,这个bean有一个属性"advice":

<beans>
<bean id="testObject" class="java.util.ArrayList">
<property advice="aoptest.MyAdvice"/>
</bean>
</beans>

  最后我们还是定义一个BeanFactory,该BeanFactory会解析这个xml文件:

public class BeanFactory {
private Map<String, Object> beans = new HashMap<String, Object>(); public BeanFactory() {
try {
SAXBuilder sb = new SAXBuilder();
Document doc = (Document) sb.build(this.getClass().getClassLoader()
.getResourceAsStream("aop.xml"));
Element root = doc.getRootElement(); List<Element> list = (List<Element>) root.getChildren("bean");
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
Element element = (Element) list.get(i);
String id = element.getAttributeValue("id");
String clazz = element.getAttributeValue("class");
Object target = Class.forName(clazz).newInstance(); for (Element element2 : (List<Element>) element
.getChildren("property")) {
String adviceStr = element2.getAttributeValue("advice");
MyAdvice advice = (MyAdvice) Class.forName(adviceStr)
.newInstance();
beans.put(id, getProxy(advice, target));
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} public Object getProxy(final MyAdvice advice, final Object target) {
Object result = Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.getClass()
.getClassLoader(), target.getClass().getInterfaces(),
new InvocationHandler() { public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method,
Object[] args) throws Throwable {
advice.beforeMethod(method);
Object retVal = method.invoke(target, args);
advice.afterMethod(method);
return retVal;
}
});
return result;
} public Object getBean(String name) {
return beans.get(name);
}
}

  注意,这个beanFactory的实现,在最后调用beans.put(id, getProxy(advice, target))方法时,存入map中的是一个代理对象,并不是xml中定义的原生方法。最后,我们编写一个测试类:

public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Object bean = new BeanFactory().getBean("testObject");
((Collection) bean).add(12);
}
}

  在该测试类中,我们先从BeanFactory中得到bean,再调用bean上的add方法,该测试类的输出如下:

before time: 1416066155411
after time: 1416066155411
add running time of 0

  可以看到,如同我们预想的,在方法开始前打印了一下当前时间,在方法结束后又打印了时间,最后计算出了方法耗时,使用AOP的方法统计计算耗时,可以避免把统计代码与业务代码耦合在一起,可以方便统计代码的复用。

实现自己的声明式事务                                                                  

声明式事务可以让我们从复杂的事务处理中得到解脱,使我们再也不需要在与事务相关的方法中处理大量的try...catch...finally代码,这章我们将实现自己的声明式事务,使用到的技术是上一章节介绍的aop技术。首先我们定义一个JdbcUtils类,该类有一个方法:getConnection,该方法会返回一个JDBC连接:

public final class JdbcUtils {
public static Connection conn = null;
public static boolean autoCommit = true; static {
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/temp", "root", "");
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
}
} private JdbcUtils() {
} public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
conn.setAutoCommit(autoCommit);
return conn;
}
}

  注意,该类还包含一个autoCommit的静态布尔属性,在返回Connection之前会用该属性定义是否自动提交。然后,我们定义一个类用于数据库操作:

public interface UserDao {
void save1() throws Exception;
void save2() throws Exception;
} public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
public void save1() throws Exception {
Connection conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
stmt.executeUpdate("insert into user(name, birthday, money) values('save1', '1984-10-11', 87446)");
} public void save2() throws Exception {
Connection conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
stmt.executeUpdate("insert into user(name, birthday, money) values('save2', '1984-10-11', 87446)");
throw new RuntimeException("qq");
}
}

接着,我们定义一个Advice,该Advice在方法调用前把autoCommit设置为false,方法执行完成之后commit方法,如果捕捉到异常就回滚事务,最后再把autoCommit设置为true:

public class MyAdvice{
public void beforeMethod(Method method) {
JdbcUtils.autoCommit = false;
} public void afterMethod(Method method) throws Exception {
JdbcUtils.conn.commit();
} public void finallyMethod(Method method) {
JdbcUtils.autoCommit = true;
} public void onException(Method method) throws SQLException {
JdbcUtils.conn.rollback();
}
}

  然后,我们定义一个xml文件,把bean和advice关系注册一下:

<beans>
<bean id="testObject" class="test.UserDaoImpl">
<property advice="aopframework.MyAdvice"/>
</bean>
</beans>

  最后,定义BeanFactory解析xml文件,这段代码的内容和第二节代码十分相似,只有一点区别,在创建代理时候套上了try-catch-finally以便进行事务回滚:

public class BeanFactory {
private Map<String, Object> beans = new HashMap<String, Object>(); public BeanFactory() {
try {
SAXBuilder sb = new SAXBuilder();
Document doc = (Document) sb.build(this.getClass().getClassLoader()
.getResourceAsStream("aop.xml"));
Element root = doc.getRootElement(); List<Element> list = (List<Element>) root.getChildren("bean");
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
Element element = (Element) list.get(i);
String id = element.getAttributeValue("id");
String clazz = element.getAttributeValue("class");
Object target = Class.forName(clazz).newInstance(); for (Element element2 : (List<Element>) element
.getChildren("property")) {
String adviceStr = element2.getAttributeValue("advice");
MyAdvice advice = (MyAdvice) Class.forName(adviceStr)
.newInstance();
beans.put(id, getProxy(advice, target));
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} public Object getProxy(final MyAdvice advice, final Object target) {
Object result = Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.getClass()
.getClassLoader(), target.getClass().getInterfaces(),
new InvocationHandler() { public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method,
Object[] args) throws Throwable {
Object retVal = null;
try {
advice.beforeMethod(method);
retVal = method.invoke(target, args);
advice.afterMethod(method);
} catch (Exception e) {
advice.onException(method);
} finally {
advice.finallyMethod(method);
}
return retVal;
}
});
return result;
} public Object getBean(String name) {
return beans.get(name);
}
}

  测试代码与第二节代码一致:

public class AopFrameworkTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Object bean = new BeanFactory().getBean("testObject");
((UserDao) bean).save1();
((UserDao) bean).save2();
}
}

  运行后,在数据库查看,可以发现只有save1方法插入的数据生效了,save2未能插入数据。回头看看我们的设计,我们发现,我们把事务处理相关的代码放到了统一的地方,避免了与业务代码耦合,只需在配置文件中配置哪些方法需要事务支持,哪些不需要事务支持,大大简化了代码复杂度。