一、dict基本操作
dic = {"name":"张三","age":21}
# 增
dic['high'] = 185 # 增加 ，结果：{'name': '张三', 'age': 21, 'high': 185}
dic.setdefault('weight') # 只有不存在的键，默认值为none ，结果：{'name': '张三', 'age': 21, 'weight': None}
dic.setdefault('weight',150) # 没有键值对，增加 ，结果：{'name': '张三', 'age': 21, 'weight': 150}
dic.setdefault('name','金城武') # 已有键，不做任何改变， ，结果：{'name': '张三', 'age': 21}
print(dic)
# 删
print(dic.pop('age')) # 有返回值，按键去删除
print(dic.pop('sex')) # 找不带键，报错
print(dic.pop('sex','找不到')) # 加个none参数，找不到键时，返回第二个参数
print(dic.popitem()) # 随机删除 有返回值，3.6之后删除最后一个
del dic #删除字典
dic .clear() #清空字典
# 改
dic['age'] = 16 # 修改 ，结果：{'name': '张三', 'age': 16}
dic2 = {"age":18,"sex":"male"}
dic.update(dic2) # 修改 ，结果：{'name': '张三', 'age': 18, 'sex': 'male'}
# 查
print(dic.get('name','')) #按键查找，结果：张三
print(dic['name']) #按键查找，结果：张三
print(dic.keys(),type(dic.keys())) #查找所有键，结果：dict_keys(['name', 'age']) <class 'dict_keys'>
print(dic.values()) #查找所有值，结果：dict_values(['张三', 21])
print(dic.items()) #查找所有键值对，结果：dict_items([('name', '张三'), ('age', 21)])
for i in dic: print(i) #循环打印所有键，结果：name age
for i in dic.keys(): print(i) #循环打印所有键，结果：name age
for i in dic.values(): print(i) #循环打印所有值，结果：张三 21
二、dict嵌套操作
dic = {
"name":"敲代码的彭于晏",
"age":"",
"sex":"male",
"hobby":["健身","swimming","敲代码"],
"report":[
{
"name":"language",
"score":85
},
{
"name":"math",
"score":90
},
{
"name":"english",
"score":80
}
]
}
dic["name"] = "ws"
dic["hobby"][1]=dic["hobby"][1].capitalize()
dic["report"][0]["score"] = 100
print(dic)
三、set
set1 = {'死骑','月骑','蝙蝠骑士','龙骑士','混沌骑士'}
set1.add('全能骑士')
set1.update('ABC') #update：迭代着增加
set1.update([1,2,3]) #update：迭代着增加
set1.remove('月骑') # 删除一个元素
set1.pop() # 随机删除一个元素
set1.clear() # 清空集合
del set1 # 删除集合
print(set1)
#交集、& 、intersection
set1 = {1,2,3,4,5}
set2 = {4,5,6,7,8}
print(set1 & set2) # 结果：{4, 5}
print(set1.intersection(set2)) # 结果：{4, 5}
#并集、| 、 union
set1 = {1,2,3,4,5}
set2 = {4,5,6,7,8}
print(set1 | set2) # 结果：{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8}
print(set2.union(set1)) # 结果：{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8}
#差集、- 、 difference
set1 = {1,2,3,4,5}
set2 = {4,5,6,7,8}
print(set1 - set2) # 对set1而言属于set1而不属于set2，结果：{1, 2, 3}
print(set1.difference(set2)) # 结果：{1, 2, 3}
#反交集、^ 、 symmetric_difference
set1 = {1,2,3,4,5}
set2 = {4,5,6,7,8}
print(set1 ^ set2) # 结果：{1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8}
print(set1.symmetric_difference(set2)) # 结果：{1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8}
#子集与超集
set1 = {1,2,3}
set2 = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
print(set1 < set2) # 结果：True
print(set1.issubset(set2)) # 这两个相同，都是说明set1是set2子集。结果：True
print(set2 > set1) # 结果：True
print(set2.issuperset(set1)) # 这两个相同，都是说明set2是set1超集。结果：True