C++有限状态机实现详解

时间:2022-05-10 13:31:44

前提:因为最近打算学设计模式的状态模式,但不是很明白有限状态机和状态模式之间的关系,索性用C++实现了一个简单案例复习了一下FSM,如果有更好的实现方法,欢迎留言

 

有限状态机四大要素

  • 现态:当前所处状态
  • 次态:当条件满足后,即将转移的下一个状态
  • 动作:当满足某个事件时执行的动作;动作执行完毕后可以转移到另一个状态或保持原有状态
  • 条件:转移状态所需的条件,当满足条件时,会触发一个动作或进行状态转移

 

C++函数指针实现

案例:学生的日常生活。

  • 学生的日常生活包含以下几个状态:起床、上学、吃午饭、做作业、睡觉;
  • 每个状态之间进行转移需要执行相应的事件。

我分为以下几个步骤来实现:

  • (1)绘制状态转移图
  • (2)创建状态转移的FSMItem类
    • 枚举:所有状态State、所有事件Event;
    • 成员变量:现态_curState、事件_event、次态_nextState
    • 成员函数:动作函数
  • (3)创建有限状态机FSM类
    • 成员变量:状态转移表vector<FSMItem*> _fsmTable
    • 成员函数:初始化状态转移表、状态转移、根据事件执行相应动作
  • (4)测试FSM

(1)绘制状态转移图

C++有限状态机实现详解

(2)FSMItem类

//FSM状态项
class FSMItem
{
  friend class FSM;
private:
 	//动作函数
  static void getUp()
  {
      cout << "student is getting up!" << endl;
  }
  static void go2School()
  {
      cout << "student is going to school!" << endl;
  }
  static void haveLunch()
  {
      cout << "student is having lunch!" << endl;
  }
  static void doHomework()
  {
      cout << "student is doing homework!" << endl;
  }
  static void sleeping()
  {
      cout << "student is sleeping!" << endl;
  }
public:
  //枚举所有状态
  enum State
  {
      GETUP = 0,
      GOTOSCHOOL,
      HAVELUNCH,
      DOHOMEWORK,
      SLEEP
  };
  //枚举所有事件
  enum Events
  {
      EVENT1 = 0,
      EVENT2,
      EVENT3
  };
public:
  //初始化构造函数
  FSMItem(State curState, Events event, void(*action)(), State nextState)
      :_curState(curState), _event(event), _action(action), _nextState(nextState) {}
private:
  State   _curState;      //现态
  Events  _event;         //条件
  void    (*_action)();   //动作
  State   _nextState;     //次态
};

(3)FSM类

class FSM
{
public:
  //初始化状态机
  FSM(FSMItem::State curState= FSMItem::GETUP):_curState(curState)
  {
      initFSMTable();
  }
  //状态转移
  void transferState(FSMItem::State nextState)
  {
      _curState = nextState;
  }
  //根据当前状态和发生的事件,执行相应的动作,并进行状态转移
  void handleEvent(FSMItem::Events event)
  {
      FSMItem::State  curState = _curState;   //现态
      void (*action)() = nullptr;//动作
      FSMItem::State nextState;  //次态
      bool flag = false;
      for (int i = 0; i < _fsmTable.size(); i++)
      {
          if (event == _fsmTable[i]->_event && curState == _fsmTable[i]->_curState)
          {
              flag = true;
              action = _fsmTable[i]->_action;
              nextState = _fsmTable[i]->_nextState;
              break;
          }
      }
      //找到对应的状态项,执行动作,转移状态
      if (flag)
      {
          if (action)
          {
              action();
          }
          transferState(nextState);
      }
  }
private:
  //根据画的状态转移图初始化状态转移表
  void initFSMTable()
  {
      _fsmTable.push_back(new FSMItem(FSMItem::GETUP, FSMItem::EVENT1, &FSMItem::getUp, FSMItem::GOTOSCHOOL));
      _fsmTable.push_back(new FSMItem(FSMItem::GOTOSCHOOL, FSMItem::EVENT2, &FSMItem::go2School, FSMItem::HAVELUNCH));
      _fsmTable.push_back(new FSMItem(FSMItem::HAVELUNCH, FSMItem::EVENT3, &FSMItem::haveLunch, FSMItem::DOHOMEWORK));
      _fsmTable.push_back(new FSMItem(FSMItem::DOHOMEWORK, FSMItem::EVENT1, &FSMItem::doHomework, FSMItem::SLEEP));
      _fsmTable.push_back(new FSMItem(FSMItem::SLEEP, FSMItem::EVENT2, &FSMItem::sleeping, FSMItem::GETUP));
  }
public:
  FSMItem::State _curState;  //现态
private:
  vector<FSMItem*> _fsmTable;  //状态转移表
};

(4)测试FSM

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
//测试事件变换
void testEvent(FSMItem::Events& event)
{
  switch (event)
  {
  case FSMItem::EVENT1:
      event = FSMItem::EVENT2;
      break;
  case FSMItem::EVENT2:
      event = FSMItem::EVENT3;
      break;
  case FSMItem::EVENT3:
      event = FSMItem::EVENT1;
      break;
  }
}
int main()
{
  FSM *fsm = new FSM();
  auto event = FSMItem::EVENT1;
  while (1)
  {
      cout << "event " << event << " is coming..." << endl;
      fsm->handleEvent(event);
      cout << "fsm current state is " << fsm->_curState << endl;
      testEvent(event);
  }
  return 0;
}

执行效果:

C++有限状态机实现详解

 

总结

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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43067115/article/details/120659445