asp.net Mvc Npoi 导出导入 excel

时间：2023-03-09 08:13:09
asp.net Mvc Npoi 导出导入 excel

因近期项目遇到所以记录一下：

首先导出Excel ：

首先引用NPOI包

http://pan.baidu.com/s/1i3Fosux

（Action一定要用FileResult）

/// <summary>

    /// 批量导出本校第一批派位学生

    /// </summary>

    /// <returns></returns>

    public FileResult ExportStu2()

    {

      string schoolname = "401";

      //创建Excel文件的对象

      NPOI.HSSF.UserModel.HSSFWorkbook book = new NPOI.HSSF.UserModel.HSSFWorkbook();

      //添加一个sheet

      NPOI.SS.UserModel.ISheet sheet1 = book.CreateSheet("Sheet1");

      //获取list数据

      List<TB_STUDENTINFOModel> listRainInfo = m_BLL.GetSchoolListAATQ(schoolname);

      //给sheet1添加第一行的头部标题

      NPOI.SS.UserModel.IRow row1 = sheet1.CreateRow(0);

      row1.CreateCell(0).SetCellValue("电脑号");

      row1.CreateCell(1).SetCellValue("姓名");

      //将数据逐步写入sheet1各个行

      for (int i = 0; i < listRainInfo.Count; i++)

      {

        NPOI.SS.UserModel.IRow rowtemp = sheet1.CreateRow(i + 1);

        rowtemp.CreateCell(0).SetCellValue(listRainInfo[i].ST_CODE.ToString());

        rowtemp.CreateCell(1).SetCellValue(listRainInfo[i].ST_NAME.ToString());

      }

      // 写入到客户端

      System.IO.MemoryStream ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream();

      book.Write(ms);

      ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);

      return File(ms, "application/vnd.ms-excel", "第一批电脑派位生名册.xls");

    }

前台直接写就可实现：

1、  @Html.ActionLink("点击导出名册", "ExportStu2")

下面说一下导出：

首先说一些前台吧，mvc上传注意必须加 new { enctype = "multipart/form-data" }：

<td>

                       2、@using(@Html.BeginForm("ImportStu", "ProSchool", FormMethod.Post, new { enctype = "multipart/form-data" }))

                        {

                        <text>选择上传文件：（工作表名为“Sheet1”，“电脑号”在A1单元格。）</text>

                        <input name="file" type="file" id="file" />

                        <input type="submit" name="Upload" value="批量导入第一批电脑派位名册" />

                        }

                    </td>

后台实现：只传路径得出DataTable：

/// <summary>

    /// Excel导入

    /// </summary>

    /// <param name="filePath"></param>

    /// <returns></returns>

    public DataTable ImportExcelFile(string filePath)

    {

      HSSFWorkbook hssfworkbook;

      #region//初始化信息

      try

      {

        using (FileStream file = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))

        {

          hssfworkbook = new HSSFWorkbook(file);

        }

      }

      catch (Exception e)

      {

        throw e;

      }

      #endregion

      using (NPOI.SS.UserModel.ISheet sheet = hssfworkbook.GetSheetAt(0))

      {

        DataTable table = new DataTable();

        IRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0);//第一行为标题行

        int cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum;//LastCellNum = PhysicalNumberOfCells

        int rowCount = sheet.LastRowNum;//LastRowNum = PhysicalNumberOfRows - 1

        //handling header.

        for (int i = headerRow.FirstCellNum; i < cellCount; i++)

        {

          DataColumn column = new DataColumn(headerRow.GetCell(i).StringCellValue);

          table.Columns.Add(column);

        }

        for (int i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= rowCount; i++)

        {

          IRow row = sheet.GetRow(i);

          DataRow dataRow = table.NewRow();

          if (row != null)

          {

            for (int j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++)

            {

              if (row.GetCell(j) != null)

                dataRow[j] = GetCellValue(row.GetCell(j));

            }

          }

          table.Rows.Add(dataRow);

        }

        return table;

      }

    }

补充一个类

/// <summary>

    /// 根据Excel列类型获取列的值

    /// </summary>

    /// <param name="cell">Excel列</param>

    /// <returns></returns>

    private static string GetCellValue(ICell cell)

    {

      if (cell == null)

        return string.Empty;

      switch (cell.CellType)

      {

        case CellType.BLANK:

          return string.Empty;

        case CellType.BOOLEAN:

          return cell.BooleanCellValue.ToString();

        case CellType.ERROR:

          return cell.ErrorCellValue.ToString();

        case CellType.NUMERIC:

        case CellType.Unknown:

        default:

          return cell.ToString();//This is a trick to get the correct value of the cell. NumericCellValue will return a numeric value no matter the cell value is a date or a number

        case CellType.STRING:

          return cell.StringCellValue;

        case CellType.FORMULA:

          try

          {

            HSSFFormulaEvaluator e = new HSSFFormulaEvaluator(cell.Sheet.Workbook);

            e.EvaluateInCell(cell);

            return cell.ToString();

          }

          catch

          {

            return cell.NumericCellValue.ToString();

          }

      }

    }

得到DataTable后，就想怎么操作就怎么操作了

使用NPOI导入导出标准Excel

2011-11-18 22:24 by 囧月, 28284 阅读, 39 评论, 收藏, 编辑

尝试过很多Excel导入导出方法，都不太理想，无意中逛到oschina时，发现了NPOI，无需Office COM组件且不依赖Office，顿时惊为天人，怀着无比激动的心情写下此文。

曾使用过的方法

  1. 直接导出html，修改后缀名为.xls，这个方法有点像骗人的把戏，而且不能再导入
  2. 使用Jet OLEDB引擎来进行导入导出，完全使用sql语句来进行操作，缺点能控制的东西非常有限，比如格式就难以控制
  3. 使用Office COM组件进行导入导出，对环境依赖性太强(如“检索 COM 类工厂…”错误)；且需要通过打开Excel.exe进程进行操作；虽然可以通过关闭工作表以及Marshal.ReleaseComObject方法来释放资源，但依然避免不了性能差。

关于NPOI

NPOI是POI项目的.NET版本，是由@Tony Qu(http://tonyqus.cnblogs.com/)等大侠基于POI开发的，可以从http://npoi.codeplex.com/下载到它的最新版本。它不使用Office COM组件(Microsoft.Office.Interop.XXX.dll)，不需要安装Microsoft Office，支持对Office 97-2003的文件格式，功能比较强大。更详细的说明请看作者的博客或官方网站。

它的以下一些特性让我相当喜欢：

  1. 支持对标准的Excel读写
  2. 支持对流(Stream)的读写 (而Jet OLEDB和Office COM都只能针对文件)
  3. 支持大部分Office COM组件的常用功能
  4. 性能优异 (相对于前面的方法)
  5. 使用简单，易上手

使用NPOI

本文使用的是它当前的最新版本1.2.4，此版本的程序集缩减至2个：NPOI.dll、Ionic.Zip.dll，直接引用到项目中即可。

对于我们开发者使用的对象主要位于NPOI.HSSF.UserModel空间下，主要有HSSFWorkbook、HSSFSheet、HSSFRow、HSSFCell，对应的接口为位于NPOI.SS.UserModel空间下的IWorkbook、ISheet、IRow、ICell，分别对应Excel文件、工作表、行、列。

简单演示一下创建一个Workbook对象，添加一个工作表，在工作表中添加一行一列：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel;
using NPOI.SS.UserModel;
public class NPOIWrite
{
    void CreateSheet()
    {
        IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();//创建Workbook对象
        ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet("Sheet1");//创建工作表
        IRow row = sheet.CreateRow(0);//在工作表中添加一行
        ICell cell = row.CreateCell(0);//在行中添加一列
        cell.SetCellValue("test");//设置列的内容
    }
}

相应的读取代码：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
using System.IO;
using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel;
using NPOI.SS.UserModel;
public class NPOIRead
{
    void GetSheet(Stream stream)
    {
        IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(stream);//从流内容创建Workbook对象
        ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0);//获取第一个工作表
        IRow row = sheet.GetRow(0);//获取工作表第一行
        ICell cell = row.GetCell(0);//获取行的第一列
        string value = cell.ToString();//获取列的值
    }
}

使用NPOI导出

从DataTable读取内容来创建Workbook对象：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
public static MemoryStream RenderToExcel(DataTable table)
{
    MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
    using (table)
    {
        using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook())
        {
            using (ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet())
            {
                IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0);
                // handling header.
                foreach (DataColumn column in table.Columns)
                    headerRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.Caption);//If Caption not set, returns the ColumnName value
                // handling value.
                int rowIndex = 1;
                foreach (DataRow row in table.Rows)
                {
                    IRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex);
                    foreach (DataColumn column in table.Columns)
                    {
                        dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(row[column].ToString());
                    }
                    rowIndex++;
                }
                workbook.Write(ms);
                ms.Flush();
                ms.Position = 0;
            }
        }
    }
    return ms;
}

如果看不惯DataTable，那么DataReader也行：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
public static MemoryStream RenderToExcel(IDataReader reader)
{
    MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
    using (reader)
    {
        using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook())
        {
            using (ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet())
            {
                IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0);
                int cellCount = reader.FieldCount;
                // handling header.
                for (int i = 0; i < cellCount; i++)
                {
                    headerRow.CreateCell(i).SetCellValue(reader.GetName(i));
                }
                // handling value.
                int rowIndex = 1;
                while (reader.Read())
                {
                    IRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex);
                    for (int i = 0; i < cellCount; i++)
                    {
                        dataRow.CreateCell(i).SetCellValue(reader[i].ToString());
                    }
                    rowIndex++;
                }
                workbook.Write(ms);
                ms.Flush();
                ms.Position = 0;
            }
        }
    }
    return ms;
}

以上代码把创建的Workbook对象保存到流中，可以通过以下方法输出到浏览器，或是保存到硬盘中：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
static void SaveToFile(MemoryStream ms, string fileName)
{
    using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write))
    {
        byte[] data = ms.ToArray();
        fs.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
        fs.Flush();
        data = null;
    }
}
static void RenderToBrowser(MemoryStream ms, HttpContext context, string fileName)
{
    if (context.Request.Browser.Browser == "IE")
        fileName = HttpUtility.UrlEncode(fileName);
    context.Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;fileName=" + fileName);
    context.Response.BinaryWrite(ms.ToArray());
}

使用NPOI导入

需要注意的是，sheet.LastRowNum = sheet.PhysicalNumberOfRows - 1，这里可能存在BUG：当没有数据或只有一行数据时sheet.LastRowNum为0，PhysicalNumberOfRows 表现正常。

这里读取流中的Excel来创建Workbook对象，并转换成DataTable：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
static DataTable RenderFromExcel(Stream excelFileStream)
{
    using (excelFileStream)
    {
        using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(excelFileStream))
        {
            using (ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0))//取第一个表
            {
                DataTable table = new DataTable();
                IRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0);//第一行为标题行
                int cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum;//LastCellNum = PhysicalNumberOfCells
                int rowCount = sheet.LastRowNum;//LastRowNum = PhysicalNumberOfRows - 1
                //handling header.
                for (int i = headerRow.FirstCellNum; i < cellCount; i++)
                {
                    DataColumn column = new DataColumn(headerRow.GetCell(i).StringCellValue);
                    table.Columns.Add(column);
                }
                for (int i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= rowCount; i++)
                {
                    IRow row = sheet.GetRow(i);
                    DataRow dataRow = table.NewRow();
                    if (row != null)
                    {
                        for (int j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++)
                        {
                            if (row.GetCell(j) != null)
                                dataRow[j] = GetCellValue(row.GetCell(j));
                        }
                    }
                    table.Rows.Add(dataRow);
                }
                return table;
            }
        }
    }
}

或者是直接生成SQL语句来插入到数据库：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
public static int RenderToDb(Stream excelFileStream, string insertSql, DBAction dbAction)
{
    int rowAffected = 0;
    using (excelFileStream)
    {
        using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(excelFileStream))
        {
            using (ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0))//取第一个工作表
            {
                StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
                IRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0);//第一行为标题行
                int cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum;//LastCellNum = PhysicalNumberOfCells
                int rowCount = sheet.LastRowNum;//LastRowNum = PhysicalNumberOfRows - 1
                for (int i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= rowCount; i++)
                {
                    IRow row = sheet.GetRow(i);
                    if (row != null)
                    {
                        builder.Append(insertSql);
                        builder.Append(" values (");
                        for (int j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++)
                        {
                            builder.AppendFormat("'{0}',", GetCellValue(row.GetCell(j)).Replace("'", "''"));
                        }
                        builder.Length = builder.Length - 1;
                        builder.Append(");");
                    }
                    if ((i % 50 == 0 || i == rowCount) && builder.Length > 0)
                    {
                        //每50条记录一次批量插入到数据库
                        rowAffected += dbAction(builder.ToString());
                        builder.Length = 0;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return rowAffected;
}

这里的Excel可能没有数据，所以可以加一个方法来检测：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
public static bool HasData(Stream excelFileStream)
{
    using (excelFileStream)
    {
        using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(excelFileStream))
        {
            if (workbook.NumberOfSheets > 0)
            {
                using (ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0))
                {
                    return sheet.PhysicalNumberOfRows > 0;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

结尾

好吧，不说啥了，放代码：点击下载

相关文章