使用spring注解——定义bean和自动注入

时间:2023-03-09 08:08:26
使用spring注解——定义bean和自动注入

对于java bean的定义和依赖配置,使用xml文件真心是不方便。

今天学习如何用注解,解决bean的定义和注入。

常用注解:

1、自动注入:@Resources,@Autowired

2、Bean定义:@Component、@Repository、@Service 和 @Constroller

@Component是个泛化概念,可以用在任何层次。如果是web开发,尽量用@Repository、@Service 和 @Constroller

Demo:

以丁磊养猪为例,Pig和DingLei两个类

1、Pig类,以@Component定义为bean

@Component
public class Pig { private Double weight;
private String color;
public Pig(){
this.weight = 55.8;
this.color = "black";
}
public Double getWeight() {
return weight;
}
public void setWeight(Double weight) {
this.weight = weight;
}
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
public String toString(){
return weight + " kg " + color + " pig!";
}
}

2、DingLei类,以@Component定义为bean,同时用@Autowired注入依赖pig

@Component
public class DingLei { @Autowired
private Pig pig; public Pig getPig() {
return pig;
}
public void setPig(Pig pig) {
this.pig = pig;
} public String toString(){
return "Dinglei has a " + pig.toString();
}
}

3、bean.xml文件中,配置包扫描,注解才生效

<context:annotation-config/> :启用注释驱动自动注入

<context:component-scan/>:对类包进行扫描以实施注释驱动 Bean 定义,同时隐式启用注释驱动自动注入。因此,配置这个就可以

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"> <!-- <context:annotation-config/> -->
<context:component-scan base-package="anotation"/>
</beans>

4、测试类

public class TestAnotation {
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
public static void main(String[] arg) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
DingLei dingLei = (DingLei) context.getBean("dingLei");
System.out.println( dingLei.toString() );
}
}

5、运行测试类,可以看到输出。说明注解成功定义bean,并成功完成注入

信息: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [bean.xml]
Dinglei has a 55.8 kg black pig!

参考:

谢谢无私分享的伙伴,写的非常详细的一篇:Spring注解详解