原题如下：12（a桶 满的 有12斤油）斤桶里 取出6斤油 有 另外有8斤（b桶）和5斤(c桶)两个空桶 让程序输出取出这6斤油的步骤
现在实现的算法可以配参数（定义有几个桶，初始有多少油，要得到多少油，都可以配），并且找出任意（多条线路或者找不到）满足条件的倒油线路图：
运行效果：
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text;namespace ConsoleApplication2{class Program {static void Main(string[] args) {//在此自定义相关初始信息 Oil.初始油量 = "12,0,0"; Oil.桶的容量 = "12,8,5"; Oil.需求油量 = "6"; Oil oil = new Oil(); Status SuperStatus = oil.GetStartState(); oil.status.Add(SuperStatus); oil.执行(SuperStatus);if (oil.Endstatus.Count == 0) { Console.WriteLine("无法倒出指定质量大小的油。"); }else { Console.WriteLine("共找到" + oil.Endstatus.Count.ToString()+"条倒油线路："); }for (int i = 0; i < oil.Endstatus.Count; i++) { Console.WriteLine(oil.翻译路线(oil.Endstatus[i])); } } }class Oil {public static string 桶的容量;public static string 初始油量;public static string 需求油量;//自动记录桶的总数int count;public Oil() { count = 桶的容量.Split(',').Count(); capacity = new int[count];for (int i=0;i<count;i++) { capacity[i] = Convert.ToInt32(桶的容量.Split(',')[i]); } }public int[] capacity; //new int[] { 12, 8, 5 };public List<Status> status = new List<Status>();public List<Status> Endstatus = new List<Status>(); Status 倒油(Status state, int a, int b) {//排除不可倒的情况if (state.OilState[a] == 0return null;if (state.OilState[b] == capacity[b]) return null;//倒油操作//先定义成功倒油后的新状态 Status newStatus = new Status(); newStatus.OilState = new int[count]; state.OilState.CopyTo(newStatus.OilState, 0); newStatus.Father = state;if (state.OilState[a] > capacity[b] - state.OilState[b]) { newStatus.OilState[a] -= capacity[b] - state.OilState[b]; newStatus.OilState[b] = capacity[b]; }else { newStatus.OilState[a] = 0; newStatus.OilState[b] += state.OilState[a]; }//判断倒油后的新状态是否在状态列表中存在bool IsExist = false;foreach (var s in status) {bool mark = true;for (int i = 0; i < newStatus.OilState.Count(); i++) {if (newStatus.OilState[i] != s.OilState[i]) mark = false; }if (mark) { IsExist = true;break; } }if (IsExist) {return null; }else { status.Add(newStatus);return newStatus; } }public void 执行(Status SuperStatus) {//如果找到一条路线if (SuperStatus.OilState.Contains(Convert.ToInt32(需求油量))) { Endstatus.Add(SuperStatus); ArrangeStatus(); 执行(GetStartState());return; }for (int a = 0; a < count; a++) {for (int b = 0; b < count; b++) {if (b != a) { Status newStatus = 倒油(SuperStatus, a, b);if (newStatus != null) { 执行(newStatus); } } } } }public string 翻译路线(Status endState) {string theWay = string.Empty; Status s = endState;while (s != null) {string wayNode = string.Empty;foreach (var a in s.OilState) { wayNode += a.ToString() + " "; }if (theWay == string.Empty) theWay += wayNode;else theWay = wayNode.Trim() + "→" + theWay; s = s.Father; }return theWay; }/// <summary>/// 整理状态表，为寻求新路线做准备/// </summary>public void ArrangeStatus() { status.Clear();for (int i = 0; i < Endstatus.Count; i++) { Status s = Endstatus[i];while (s != null) { status.Add(s); s = s.Father; } } }/// <summary>/// 获取开始状态/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>public Status GetStartState() { Status status = new Status(); status.Father = null; status.OilState = new int[count];for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { status.OilState[i] = Convert.ToInt32(初始油量.Split(',')[i]); }return status; } }/// <summary>/// 记录各桶当前所装油量的状态信息/// </summary>class Status {public int[] OilState;public Status Father; }}