[LeetCode] Path Sum IV 二叉树的路径和之四

时间:2021-05-04 11:28:56

If the depth of a tree is smaller than 5, then this tree can be represented by a list of three-digits integers.

For each integer in this list:

  1. The hundreds digit represents the depth D of this node, 1 <= D <= 4.
  2. The tens digit represents the position P of this node in the level it belongs to, 1 <= P <= 8. The position is the same as that in a full binary tree.
  3. The units digit represents the value V of this node, 0 <= V <= 9.

Given a list of ascending three-digits integers representing a binary with the depth smaller than 5. You need to return the sum of all paths from the root towards the leaves.

Example 1:

Input: [113, 215, 221]
Output: 12
Explanation:
The tree that the list represents is:
3
/ \
5 1 The path sum is (3 + 5) + (3 + 1) = 12.

Example 2:

Input: [113, 221]
Output: 4
Explanation:
The tree that the list represents is:
3
\
1 The path sum is (3 + 1) = 4.

这道题还是让我们求二叉树的路径之和,但是跟之前不同的是,树的存储方式比较特别,并没有专门的数结点,而是使用一个三位数字来存的,百位数是该结点的深度,十位上是该结点在某一层中的位置,个位数是该结点的结点值。为了求路径之和,我们肯定还是需要遍历树,但是由于没有树结点,所以我们可以用其他的数据结构代替。比如我们可以将每个结点的位置信息和结点值分离开,然后建立两者之间的映射。比如我们可以将百位数和十位数当作key,将个位数当作value,建立映射。由于题目中说了数组是有序的,所以首元素就是根结点,然后我们进行先序遍历即可。在递归函数中,我们先将深度和位置拆分出来,然后算出左右子结点的深度和位置的两位数,我们还要维护一个变量cur,用来保存当前路径之和。如果当前结点的左右子结点不存在,说明此时cur已经是一条完整的路径之和了,加到结果res中,直接返回。否则就是对存在的左右子结点调用递归函数即可,参见代码如下:

解法一:

class Solution {
public:
int pathSum(vector<int>& nums) {
if (nums.empty()) return ;
int res = ;
unordered_map<int, int> m;
for (int num : nums) {
m[num / ] = num % ;
}
helper(nums[] / , m, , res);
return res;
}
void helper(int num, unordered_map<int, int>& m, int cur, int& res) {
int level = num / , pos = num % ;
int left = (level + ) * + * pos - , right = left + ;
cur += m[num];
if (!m.count(left) && !m.count(right)) {
res += cur;
return;
}
if (m.count(left)) helper(left, m, cur, res);
if (m.count(right)) helper(right, m, cur, res);
}
};

下面这种方法是迭代的形式,我们使用的层序遍历,与先序遍历不同的是,我们不能维护一个当前路径之和的变量,这样会重复计算结点值,而是在遍历每一层的结点时,加上其父结点的值,如果某一个结点没有子结点了,才将累加起来的结点值加到结果res中,参见代码如下:

解法二:

class Solution {
public:
int pathSum(vector<int>& nums) {
if (nums.empty()) return ;
int res = , cur = ;
unordered_map<int, int> m;
queue<int> q{{nums[] / }};
for (int num : nums) {
m[num / ] = num % ;
}
while (!q.empty()) {
int t = q.front(); q.pop();
int level = t / , pos = t % ;
int left = (level + ) * + * pos - , right = left + ;
if (!m.count(left) && !m.count(right)) {
res += m[t];
}
if (m.count(left)) {
m[left] += m[t];
q.push(left);
}
if (m.count(right)) {
m[right] += m[t];
q.push(right);
}
}
return res;
}
};

类似题目:

Path Sum III

Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum

Path Sum II

Path Sum

参考资料:

https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/101111/java-solution-represent-tree-using-hashmap

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