XtraBackup原理5

时间:2023-04-11 23:01:44

http://www.cnblogs.com/gomysql/p/3650645.html

xtrabackup是Percona公司CTO Vadim参与开发的一款基于InnoDB的在线热备工具,具有开源,免费,支持在线热备,备份恢复速度快,占用磁盘空间小等特点,并且支持不同情况下的多种备份形式。xtrabackup的官方下载地址为http://www.percona.com/software/percona-xtrabackup

xtrabackup包含两个主要的工具,即xtrabackup和innobackupex,二者区别如下:

(1)xtrabackup只能备份innodb和xtradb两种引擎的表,而不能备份myisam引擎的表;

(2)innobackupex是一个封装了xtrabackup的Perl脚本,支持同时备份innodb和myisam,但在对myisam备份时需要加一个全局的读锁。还有就是myisam不支持增量备份

1.备份过程

innobackupex备份过程如下图:

XtraBackup原理5

(图1 innobackupex备份过程,本文中所有图都是google所得)

在图1中,备份开始时首先会开启一个后台检测进程,实时检测mysql redo的变化,一旦发现redo中有新的日志写入,立刻将日志记入后台日志文件xtrabackup_log中。之后复制innodb的数据文件和系统表空间文件ibdata1,待复制结束后,执行flush tables with read lock操作,复制.frm,MYI,MYD,等文件(执行flush tableswith read lock的目的是为了防止数据表发生DDL操作,并且在这一时刻获得binlog的位置)最后会发出unlock tables,把表设置为可读可写状态,最终停止xtrabackup_log。

2.全备恢复

这一阶段会启动xtrabackup内嵌的innodb实例,回放xtrabackup日志xtrabackup_log,将提交的事务信息变更应用到innodb数据/表空间,同时回滚未提交的事务(这一过程类似innodb的实例恢复)。恢复过程如下图:

XtraBackup原理5

(图2 innobackupex 恢复过程)

3.增量备份

innobackupex增量备份过程中的"增量"处理,其实主要是相对innodb而言,对myisam和其他存储引擎而言,它仍然是全拷贝(全备份)

"增量"备份的过程主要是通过拷贝innodb中有变更的"页"(这些变更的数据页指的是"页"的LSN大于xtrabackup_checkpoints中给定的LSN)。增量备份是基于全备的,第一次增备的数据必须要基于上一次的全备,之后的每次增备都是基于上一次的增备,最终达到一致性的增备。增量备份的过程如下,和全备的过程很类似,区别仅在第2步。

XtraBackup原理5

( 图 3 innobackupex增量备份过程)

4.增量备份恢复

和全备恢复类似,也需要两步,一是数据文件的恢复,如图4,这里的数据来源由3部分组成:全备份,增量备份和xtrabackup log。二是对未提交事务的回滚,如图5所示:

XtraBackup原理5

( 图4 innobackupex 增量备份恢复过程1)

XtraBackup原理5

( 图5 innobackupex增量备份恢复过程2)

5.innobackupex使用示例

(1)安装使用xtrabackup,安装比较简单,我们使用二进制编译好的就行了,这种工具无需源码编译,因为没有什么功能需要俺们定制。

[root@MySQL-01 ~]# wget http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/XtraBackup/LATEST/binary/Linux/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-2.1.8-733-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz 
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# tar xf percona-xtrabackup-2.1.8-733-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# mv /usr/local/percona-xtrabackup-2.1.8-Linux-x86_64/ /usr/local/xtrabackup
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# echo "export PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/xtrabackup/bin" >> /etc/profile
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@MySQL-01 ~]#

(2)全量备份

创建备份用户:

XtraBackup原理5
mysql> create user 'backup'@'%' identified by 'yayun';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> grant reload,lock tables,replication client,create tablespace,super on *.* to 'backup'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
XtraBackup原理5

进行全备份

备份数据存放在/data/backup/下面,innobackupex会自动创建一个文件夹,是当前系统的时间戳

XtraBackup原理5
mysql> select * from yayun.t1;
+------+-------+
| id | name |
+------+-------+
| 1 | yayun |
| 2 | atlas |
+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
XtraBackup原理5

测试数据就是yayun库中的t1表

XtraBackup原理5
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# innobackupex --user=backup --password=yayun --socket=/tmp/mysqld.sock --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf /data/backup/
xtrabackup: Creating suspend file '/data/backup/2014-04-07_23-05-04/xtrabackup_log_copied' with pid '57608'
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (5324782783) to (5324782783) was copied.
140407 23:06:14 innobackupex: All tables unlocked
innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/data/backup/2014-04-07_23-05-04'
innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000014', position 2983
140407 23:06:14 innobackupex: Connection to database server closed
140407 23:06:14 innobackupex: completed OK!
[root@MySQL-01 ~]#
XtraBackup原理5

上面的过程中处理过,主要看最后是否提示innobackupex completed ok,可以看见备份成功。我们看看/data/backup目录下产生了什么

XtraBackup原理5
[root@MySQL-01 backup]# pwd
/data/backup
[root@MySQL-01 backup]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Apr 7 23:06 2014-04-07_23-05-04
[root@MySQL-01 backup]# cd 2014-04-07_23-05-04/
[root@MySQL-01 2014-04-07_23-05-04]# ll
total 845888
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 261 Apr 7 23:05 backup-my.cnf
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Apr 7 23:06 employees
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Apr 7 23:06 host
-rw-r----- 1 root root 866123776 Apr 7 23:05 ibdata1
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Apr 7 23:06 menagerie
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 7 23:06 mysql
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 7 23:06 performance_schema
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Apr 7 23:06 sakila
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Apr 7 23:06 test
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Apr 7 23:06 world_innodb
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 7 23:06 world_myisam
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 Apr 7 23:06 xtrabackup_binary
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24 Apr 7 23:06 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root 95 Apr 7 23:06 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r----- 1 root root 2560 Apr 7 23:06 xtrabackup_logfile
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Apr 7 23:06 yayun
[root@MySQL-01 2014-04-07_23-05-04]#
XtraBackup原理5

可以看见有对应数据库的名字,比如yayun,还有一个以时间戳命名的目录。我们看看对应文件里面的内容,这几个比较重要

XtraBackup原理5
[root@MySQL-01 2014-04-07_23-05-04]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = full-backuped
from_lsn = 0
to_lsn = 5324782783
last_lsn = 5324782783
compact = 0
[root@MySQL-01 2014-04-07_23-05-04]# cat xtrabackup_binlog_info
mysql-bin.000014 2983
[root@MySQL-01 2014-04-07_23-05-04]#
XtraBackup原理5

可以看见相关文件记录了LSN,日志偏移量,还可以看见这次是全备份,相信聪明的童鞋们一眼就看懂了。^_^

删除数据库,然后恢复全备(线上不要这样搞

mysql> drop database yayun;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec) mysql>

恢复全备

恢复备份到mysql的数据文件目录,这一过程要先关闭mysql数据库,重命名或者删除原数据文件目录都可以,再创建一个新的数据文件目录,将备份数据复制到新的数据文件目录下,赋权,修改权限,启动数据库

[root@MySQL-01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL..... [ OK ]
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# mv /data/mysql /data/mysql_bak
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# mkdir /data/mysql
[root@MySQL-01 ~]#
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# innobackupex --apply-log /data/backup/2014-04-07_23-05-04/
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
140407 23:22:36 InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
140407 23:22:40 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 5324784140
140407 23:22:40 innobackupex: completed OK!

以上对应的目录就是innobackupex全备份自己创建的目录。

XtraBackup原理5
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --copy-back --rsync /data/backup/2014-04-07_23-05-04/
innobackupex: Starting to copy InnoDB log files
innobackupex: in '/data/backup/2014-04-07_23-05-04'
innobackupex: back to original InnoDB log directory '/data/mysql'
innobackupex: Copying '/data/backup/2014-04-07_23-05-04/ib_logfile1' to '/data/mysql/ib_logfile1'
innobackupex: Copying '/data/backup/2014-04-07_23-05-04/ib_logfile0' to '/data/mysql/ib_logfile0'
innobackupex: Finished copying back files.
140407 23:27:38 innobackupex: completed OK!
[root@MySQL-01 ~]#
XtraBackup原理5

可以看见已经成功恢复,修改数据目录权限,启动mysql,效验数据是否正常,查看yayun库下面的t1表中的数据。

[root@MySQL-01 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL................. [ OK ]
[root@MySQL-01 ~]#
XtraBackup原理5
mysql> use yayun
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+-------+
| id | name |
+------+-------+
| 1 | yayun |
| 2 | atlas |
+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
XtraBackup原理5

发现数据已经成功恢复。

(3)增量备份

在进行增量备份时,首先要进行一次全量备份,第一次增量备份是基于全备的,之后的增量备份是基于上一次的增量备份,以此类推。

全备份放在/data/backup/full,增量备份放在/data/backup/incremental

XtraBackup原理5
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# tree /data/backup/
/data/backup/
├── full
└── incremental 2 directories, 0 files
[root@MySQL-01 ~]#
XtraBackup原理5

废话少说,咱们先来一次全备份

[root@MySQL-01 ~]# innobackupex --user=backup --password=yayun --socket=/tmp/mysqld.sock --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf /data/backup/full/
innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20'
innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 107
140407 23:38:29 innobackupex: Connection to database server closed
140407 23:38:29 innobackupex: completed OK!
[root@MySQL-01 ~]#

为了测试效果,我们在t1表中插入数据

XtraBackup原理5
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+-------+
| id | name |
+------+-------+
| 1 | yayun |
| 2 | atlas |
+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into t1 select 1,'love sql';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from t1;
+------+----------+
| id | name |
+------+----------+
| 1 | yayun |
| 2 | atlas |
| 1 | love sql |
+------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
XtraBackup原理5

现在来一次增量备份1

XtraBackup原理5
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# innobackupex --user=backup --password=yayun --socket=/tmp/mysqld.sock --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --incremental /data/backup/incremental/ --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20/ --parallel=2
innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/data/backup/incremental/2014-04-07_23-42-46'
innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 301
140407 23:43:25 innobackupex: Connection to database server closed
140407 23:43:25 innobackupex: completed OK!
[root@MySQL-01 ~]#
XtraBackup原理5

我们看看增量备份的大小以及文件内容

[root@MySQL-01 ~]# du -sh /data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20/
1.2G /data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20/
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# du -sh /data/backup/incremental/2014-04-07_23-42-46/
3.6M /data/backup/incremental/2014-04-07_23-42-46/
[root@MySQL-01 ~]#

看见增量备份的数据很小吧,就是备份改变的数据而已。

XtraBackup原理5
[root@MySQL-01 2014-04-07_23-42-46]# pwd
/data/backup/incremental/2014-04-07_23-42-46
[root@MySQL-01 2014-04-07_23-42-46]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = incremental
from_lsn = 5324784718
to_lsn = 5324785066
last_lsn = 5324785066
compact = 0
[root@MySQL-01 2014-04-07_23-42-46]#
XtraBackup原理5

上面已经明显说明是增量备份了,该工具很人性化吧,呵呵

我们再次向t1表插入数据,然后创建增量备份2

XtraBackup原理5
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+----------+
| id | name |
+------+----------+
| 1 | yayun |
| 2 | atlas |
| 1 | love sql |
+------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into t1 select 1,'mysql dba';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from t1;
+------+-----------+
| id | name |
+------+-----------+
| 1 | yayun |
| 2 | atlas |
| 1 | love sql |
| 1 | mysql dba |
+------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
XtraBackup原理5

创建增量备份2(这次是基于上次的增量备份哦)

XtraBackup原理5
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# innobackupex --user=backup --password=yayun --socket=/tmp/mysqld.sock --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --incremental /data/backup/incremental/ --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/incremental/2014-04-07_23-42-46/ --parallel=2
innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/data/backup/incremental/2014-04-07_23-51-15'
innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 496
140407 23:51:55 innobackupex: Connection to database server closed
140407 23:51:55 innobackupex: completed OK!
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# 
XtraBackup原理5
XtraBackup原理5
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# ls -ltr /data/backup/full/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Apr 7 23:38 2014-04-07_23-37-20
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# ls -ltr /data/backup/incremental/
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Apr 7 23:43 2014-04-07_23-42-46
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Apr 7 23:51 2014-04-07_23-51-15
[root@MySQL-01 ~]#
XtraBackup原理5

(4)增量备份恢复

增量备份的恢复大体为3个步骤

*恢复完全备份

*恢复增量备份到完全备份(开始恢复的增量备份要添加--redo-only参数,到最后一次增量备份去掉--redo-only参数)

*对整体的完全备份进行恢复,回滚那些未提交的数据

恢复完全备份(注意这里一定要加--redo-only参数,该参数的意思是只应用xtrabackup日志中已提交的事务数据,不回滚还未提交的数据)

[root@MySQL-01 ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20/
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
140407 23:59:43 InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
140407 23:59:43 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 5324784718
140407 23:59:43 innobackupex: completed OK!

将增量备份1应用到完全备份

XtraBackup原理5
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20/ --incremental-dir=/data/backup/incremental/2014-04-07_23-42-46/
innobackupex: Copying '/data/backup/incremental/2014-04-07_23-42-46/mysql/func.frm' to '/data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20/mysql/func.frm'
innobackupex: Copying '/data/backup/incremental/2014-04-07_23-42-46/mysql/help_relation.frm' to '/data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20/mysql/help_relation.frm'
innobackupex: Copying '/data/backup/incremental/2014-04-07_23-42-46/mysql/help_category.MYD' to '/data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20/mysql/help_category.MYD'
innobackupex: Copying '/data/backup/incremental/2014-04-07_23-42-46/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.frm' to '/data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.frm'
140408 00:02:07 innobackupex: completed OK!
[root@MySQL-01 ~]#
XtraBackup原理5

将增量备份2应用到完全备份(注意恢复最后一个增量备份时需要去掉--redo-only参数,回滚xtrabackup日志中那些还未提交的数据)

XtraBackup原理5
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# innobackupex --apply-log /data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20/ --incremental-dir=/data/backup/incremental/2014-04-07_23-51-15/
innobackupex: Copying '/data/backup/incremental/2014-04-07_23-51-15/mysql/help_relation.frm' to '/data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20/mysql/help_relation.frm'
innobackupex: Copying '/data/backup/incremental/2014-04-07_23-51-15/mysql/help_category.MYD' to '/data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20/mysql/help_category.MYD'
innobackupex: Copying '/data/backup/incremental/2014-04-07_23-51-15/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.frm' to '/data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20/mysql/ndb_binlog_index.frm'
140408 00:04:33 innobackupex: completed OK!
[root@MySQL-01 ~]#
XtraBackup原理5

把所有合在一起的完全备份整体进行一次apply操作,回滚未提交的数据:

[root@MySQL-01 ~]# innobackupex --apply-log /data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20/
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
140408 0:06:32 InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
140408 0:06:36 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 5324785676
140408 00:06:36 innobackupex: completed OK!

把恢复完的备份复制到数据库目录文件中,赋权,然后启动mysql数据库,检测数据正确性

XtraBackup原理5
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL. [ OK ]
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# mv /data/mysql /data/mysql_bak
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# mkdir /data/mysql
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --copy-back --rsync /data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20/
innobackupex: Starting to copy InnoDB log files
innobackupex: in '/data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20'
innobackupex: back to original InnoDB log directory '/data/mysql'
innobackupex: Copying '/data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20/ib_logfile1' to '/data/mysql/ib_logfile1'
innobackupex: Copying '/data/backup/full/2014-04-07_23-37-20/ib_logfile0' to '/data/mysql/ib_logfile0'
innobackupex: Finished copying back files.
140408 00:12:42 innobackupex: completed OK!
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql
[root@MySQL-01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.... [ OK ]
[root@MySQL-01 ~]#
XtraBackup原理5

查看数据是否正确

XtraBackup原理5
mysql> select * from t1;
+------+-----------+
| id | name |
+------+-----------+
| 1 | yayun |
| 2 | atlas |
| 1 | love sql |
| 1 | mysql dba |
+------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
XtraBackup原理5

(5)克隆slave

在日常工作中,我们有时候需要在线添加从库,比如线上有一主一从两个数据库,但是由于业务的需要,一台从库的读取无法满足现在的需求,这样就需要我们在线添加从库,由于出于安全考虑,我们通常需要在从库上进行在线克隆slave。

克隆slave时,常用参数--slave-info和--safe-slave-backup。

--slave-info会将master的binlog文件名和偏移量位置保存到xtrabackup_slave_info文件中

--safe-slave-backup会暂停slave的SQL线程直到没有打开的临时表的时候开始备份。备份结束后SQL线程会自动启动,这样操作的目的主要是确保一致性的复制状态。

下面的例子,将介绍一主一从情况下在线搭建新的从库,环境如下:

master 192.168.0.10    #主库

slave    192.168.0.20    #从库

newslave 192.168.0.100 # 新的从库

在上述示例中,newslave即为要新搭建的从库。在老的从库上面进行备份:

[root@MySQL-02 ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=12345 --socket=/tmp/mysqld.sock --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --slave-info --safe-slave-backup --no-timestamp /data/cloneslave
innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/data/cloneslave'
innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000022', position 107
innobackupex: MySQL slave binlog position: master host '192.168.0.10', filename 'mysql-bin.000006', position 732
140413 23:25:13 innobackupex: completed OK!

这里的/data/cloneslave 目录要不存在,如果存在是会报错的。

查看目录下生成的文件:

XtraBackup原理5
[root@MySQL-02 ~]# ll /data/cloneslave/
total 26668
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 261 Apr 13 23:24 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27262976 Apr 13 23:24 ibdata1
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 13 23:25 mysql
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 13 23:25 performance_schema
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 13 23:25 sakila
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 13 23:25 world_innodb
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 Apr 13 23:25 xtrabackup_binary
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23 Apr 13 23:25 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 79 Apr 13 23:25 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2560 Apr 13 23:25 xtrabackup_logfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72 Apr 13 23:25 xtrabackup_slave_info
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 13 23:25 yayun
[root@MySQL-02 ~]#
XtraBackup原理5

查看xtrabackup_slave_info文件内容,这个内容就是为搭建从库时需要change master to的参数:

[root@MySQL-02 ~]# cat /data/cloneslave/xtrabackup_slave_info
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000006', MASTER_LOG_POS=732
[root@MySQL-02 ~]#

在老的slave服务器上进行还原,即192.168.0.20

[root@MySQL-02 ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /data/cloneslave/
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
140413 23:30:37 InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
140413 23:30:37 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 12981048
140413 23:30:37 innobackupex: completed OK!
[root@MySQL-02 ~]#

将还原的文件复制到新的从库newslave,即192.168.0.100

[root@MySQL-02 data]# rsync -avprP -e ssh /data/cloneslave/ 192.168.0.100:/data/mysql/

在主库master上添加对新从库newslave的授权:

XtraBackup原理5
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.0.100' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql>
XtraBackup原理5

拷贝老的从库的配置文件到新的从库newslave,并且修改server-id参数,修改完毕后,启动新的从库;

[root@MySQL-02 data]# scp /etc/my.cnf 192.168.0.100:/etc/
root@192.168.0.100's password:
my.cnf 100% 4881 4.8KB/s 00:00
[root@MySQL-02 data]#
[root@newslave mysql]# egrep 'log-slave|^server-id|skip_slave' /etc/my.cnf
server-id = 3
skip_slave_start
log-slave-updates=1
[root@newslave mysql]#
[root@newslave mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql .
[root@newslave mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL. [ OK ]
Starting MySQL.. [ OK ]
[root@newslave mysql]#

查找老的从库备份后生成的xtrabackup_slave_info文件,提取其中的master_log_file和master_log_pos信息,然后在新的从库上进行change master to操作:

在新的从库上进行同步:

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.10',MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000006', MASTER_LOG_POS=732;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec) mysql>

启动io线程和sql线程,并观察复制是否正常:

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
XtraBackup原理5
mysql> show slave  status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.0.10
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 2
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1309
Relay_Log_File: MySQL-02-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 830
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: yayun.%
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1309
Relay_Log_Space: 989
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
XtraBackup原理5

查看主库,发现已经有两个线程(Binlog Dump)

XtraBackup原理5
mysql> show processlist\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Id: 8
User: slave
Host: 192.168.0.20:44251
db: NULL
Command: Binlog Dump
Time: 1088
State: Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
Info: NULL
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Id: 9
User: root
Host: localhost
db: yayun
Command: Query
Time: 0
State: NULL
Info: show processlist
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Id: 10
User: repl
Host: 192.168.0.100:45844
db: NULL
Command: Binlog Dump
Time: 124
State: Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
Info: NULL
3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
XtraBackup原理5

正常工作,到此在线克隆slave就结束啦。

参考资料:

http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/2.1/

http://realtimedba.blogspot.com/2013/06/my-sqlxtra-backup.html

作者:Atlas

出处:Atlas的博客 http://www.cnblogs.com/gomysql

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