arm11处理器裸机的异常与中断处理参考:
另外参考一篇:Linux中断体系结构
在ARM V4及V4T以后的大部分处理器中,中断向量表的位置可以有两个位置:一个是0,另一个是0xffff0000。可以通过CP15协处理器c1寄存器中V位(bit[13])控制。V和中断向量表的对应关系如下: [V=0]0x00000000~0x0000001C /[V=1]0xffff0000~0xffff001C 。Linux内核使用0xffff0000。
异常向量的代码很简单,只是一些跳转指令。发生异常时,cpu自动执行这些指令,跳转到更复杂得代码。
地址__vectors_start~__vectors_end间的代码就是异常向量,在arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S中定义,这些异常向量会被复制到0xffff0000处。
.globl __vectors_start
__vectors_start:
swi SYS_ERROR0 //复位时,cpu将执行这条指令
b vector_und + stubs_offset //未定义异常时,cpu执行这条指令
ldr pc, .LCvswi + stubs_offset //swi异常
b vector_pabt + stubs_offset //指令预取终止
b vector_dabt + stubs_offset //数据访问终止
b vector_addrexcptn + stubs_offset //没有用到
b vector_irq + stubs_offset //irq异常
b vector_fiq + stubs_offset //fiq异常 .globl __vectors_end
__vectors_end:
“更复杂得代码”在地址__stubs_start~__stubs_end之间,在arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S中定义,这些异常向量会被复制到0xffff0200处。
.globl __stubs_start
__stubs_start:
/*
* Interrupt dispatcher
*/
vector_stub irq, IRQ_MODE, .long __irq_usr @ (USR_26 / USR_32)
.long __irq_invalid @ (FIQ_26 / FIQ_32)
.long __irq_invalid @ (IRQ_26 / IRQ_32)
.long __irq_svc @ (SVC_26 / SVC_32)
.long __irq_invalid @
.long __irq_invalid @
.long __irq_invalid @
.long __irq_invalid @
.long __irq_invalid @
.long __irq_invalid @
.long __irq_invalid @ a
.long __irq_invalid @ b
.long __irq_invalid @ c
.long __irq_invalid @ d
.long __irq_invalid @ e
.long __irq_invalid @ f /*
* Data abort dispatcher
* Enter in ABT mode, spsr = USR CPSR, lr = USR PC
*/
vector_stub dabt, ABT_MODE, .long __dabt_usr @ (USR_26 / USR_32)
.long __dabt_invalid @ (FIQ_26 / FIQ_32)
.long __dabt_invalid @ (IRQ_26 / IRQ_32)
.long __dabt_svc @ (SVC_26 / SVC_32)
.long __dabt_invalid @
.long __dabt_invalid @
.long __dabt_invalid @
.long __dabt_invalid @
.long __dabt_invalid @
.long __dabt_invalid @
.long __dabt_invalid @ a
.long __dabt_invalid @ b
.long __dabt_invalid @ c
.long __dabt_invalid @ d
.long __dabt_invalid @ e
.long __dabt_invalid @ f /*
* Prefetch abort dispatcher
* Enter in ABT mode, spsr = USR CPSR, lr = USR PC
*/
vector_stub pabt, ABT_MODE, .long __pabt_usr @ (USR_26 / USR_32)
.long __pabt_invalid @ (FIQ_26 / FIQ_32)
.long __pabt_invalid @ (IRQ_26 / IRQ_32)
.long __pabt_svc @ (SVC_26 / SVC_32)
.long __pabt_invalid @
.long __pabt_invalid @
.long __pabt_invalid @
.long __pabt_invalid @
.long __pabt_invalid @
.long __pabt_invalid @
.long __pabt_invalid @ a
.long __pabt_invalid @ b
.long __pabt_invalid @ c
.long __pabt_invalid @ d
.long __pabt_invalid @ e
.long __pabt_invalid @ f /*
* Undef instr entry dispatcher
* Enter in UND mode, spsr = SVC/USR CPSR, lr = SVC/USR PC
*/
vector_stub und, UND_MODE .long __und_usr @ (USR_26 / USR_32)
.long __und_invalid @ (FIQ_26 / FIQ_32)
.long __und_invalid @ (IRQ_26 / IRQ_32)
.long __und_svc @ (SVC_26 / SVC_32)
.long __und_invalid @
.long __und_invalid @
.long __und_invalid @
.long __und_invalid @
.long __und_invalid @
.long __und_invalid @
.long __und_invalid @ a
.long __und_invalid @ b
.long __und_invalid @ c
.long __und_invalid @ d
.long __und_invalid @ e
.long __und_invalid @ f .align /*=============================================================================
* Undefined FIQs
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Enter in FIQ mode, spsr = ANY CPSR, lr = ANY PC
* MUST PRESERVE SVC SPSR, but need to switch to SVC mode to show our msg.
* Basically to switch modes, we *HAVE* to clobber one register... brain
* damage alert! I don't think that we can execute any code in here in any
* other mode than FIQ... Ok you can switch to another mode, but you can't
* get out of that mode without clobbering one register.
*/
vector_fiq:
disable_fiq
subs pc, lr, # /*=============================================================================
* Address exception handler
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
* These aren't too critical.
* (they're not supposed to happen, and won't happen in 32-bit data mode).
*/ vector_addrexcptn:
b vector_addrexcptn /*
* We group all the following data together to optimise
* for CPUs with separate I & D caches.
*/
.align .LCvswi:
.word vector_swi .globl __stubs_end
__stubs_end:
__stubs_start
关于stubs_offset的值及解析,参考Linux异常体系之stubs_offset
关于__stubs_start~__stubs_end之间的代码解析,参考vector_stub宏解析 。vector_irq、 vector_dabt、vector_pabt、vector_und、vector_fiq都在它们中间。
各种异常的C处理函数分为5类,分布在不同的函数中。
1.中断处理C总入口函数asm_do_IRQ,在linux/arch/arm/kernel/irq.c中。它调用其它文件注册的中断处理函数。
init_IRQ函数被用来初始化中断的处理框架,设置各种中断的默认处理函数。当中断发生时,中断总入口函数asm_do_IRQ就可以调用这些函数坐进一步的处理。
b vector_irq + stubs_offset
-->vector_stub irq, IRQ_MODE,
-->__irq_usr/__irq_svc
-->void __exception asm_do_IRQ(unsigned int irq, struct pt_regs *regs)
2.未定义指令处理C总入口函数do_undefinstr,在linux/arch/arm/kernel/traps.c中。
b vector_und + stubs_offset
-->vector_stub und, UND_MODE
-->__und_usr/__und_svc
-->b do_undefinstr
3.与内存访问相关的异常处理C总入口函数do_DataAbort,do_PrefechAbort,在linux/arch/arm/kernel/fault.c中。
4.swi异常处理函数,在在linux/arch/arm/kernel/calls.S中。swi异常的处理函数指针被组织成一个表格;swi指令机器码的为[23:0]用来作为索引,通过不同的“swi index”指令可以调用不同的swi异常处理函数,也称为系统调用,比如sys_open、sys_read、sys_write等。
5.没有使用的异常,linux中没有使用FIQ异常。