ReentrantLock 详解

时间:2023-03-09 06:49:00
ReentrantLock 详解

ReentrantLock的功能是实现代码段的并发访问控制,也就是通常意义上所说的锁,java中实现锁有两种方式,一种是本文所提的ReentrantLock,另一种是synchronized。ReentrantLock相比synchronized 使用可以更灵活,这次就来看看ReentrantLock的内部实现。

我们首先看下ReentrantLock的锁是如何实现的

ReentrantLock 详解

其实就一行代码 ,看起来很简单,那么这里的sync是什么呢?

这是ReentrantLock内部的一个抽象类,继承了AbstractQueuedSynchronizer(AQS),ReentrantLock所有的功能都和这个类有关

ReentrantLock 详解

用过ReentrantLock的人都知道,ReentrantLock是分为公平锁和非公平锁,这在ReentrantLock内部是两种实现

ReentrantLock 详解

公平锁:每个线程抢占锁的顺序为先后调用lock方法的顺序依次获取锁。

非公平锁:每个线程抢占锁的顺序不定,谁运气好,谁就获取到锁,和调用lock方法的先后顺序无关。

首先看下公平锁的内部实现

公平锁 加锁:


ReentrantLock 详解

调用到了AQS的acquire方法:

ReentrantLock 详解

再看下获取锁的代码

ReentrantLock 详解

原来这里子类重写了

 protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
//获取状态位
int c = getState();
//0,锁还没被拿走
if (c == 0) {
//如果队列中没有其他线程 说明没有线程正在占有锁
if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
//修改状态为1
compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
//如果通过CAS操作将状态为更新成功则代表当前线程获取锁,
//因此,将当前线程设置到AQS的一个变量中,说明这个线程拿走了锁。
setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
return true;
}
}
//锁被拿走了,由于ReentrantLock是可重入锁,所以判断下持有锁的是否是同一个线程
else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
//如果是的话累加在state字段上就可以了
int nextc = c + acquires;
if (nextc < 0)
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
setState(nextc);
return true;
}
return false;
}
} protected final int getState() {
return state;
}

再回到acquire方法中

ReentrantLock 详解

我们看下addWaiter方法

 private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
//用当前线程构造一个node,mode是一个表示Node类型的字段,
//仅仅表示这个节点是独占的,还是共享的
Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);
// Try the fast path of enq; backup to full enq on failure
Node pred = tail;
//将节点插入到尾部
if (pred != null) {
node.prev = pred;
if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) {
pred.next = node;
return node;
}
}
//节点插入尾部失败,进入enq的死循环,知道插入成功
enq(node);
return node;
}

将线程的节点添加队里中后,还需要做一件事:将当前线程挂起!这个事,由acquireQueued来做。

 final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
boolean failed = true;
try {
boolean interrupted = false;
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
//如果当前的前一个节点是head说明他是队列中第一个“有效的”节点,因此尝试获取,这个方法子类重写了。
if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
setHead(node);//获取成功之后设为将该节点头结点
p.next = null; // help GC 将原先的头结点的联系去除 这样原先头结点就可以被GC
failed = false;
return interrupted;
}
////否则,检查前一个节点的状态为,看当前获取锁失败的线程是否需要挂起。
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
//如果需要,借助JUC包下的LockSopport类的静态方法Park挂起当前线程。直到被唤醒。
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
interrupted = true;
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
 private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() {
LockSupport.park(this);
return Thread.interrupted();
}

这里需要在介绍下AQS中的Node节点的状态

ReentrantLock 详解

黄色节点是默认head节点,默认是一个空节点,可以理解成代表当前持有锁的线程,每当有线程竞争失败,都是插入到队列的尾节点,tail节点始终指向队列中的最后一个元素。默认只有当前节点的pre节点是头结点才能去acquire

/** waitStatus value to indicate thread has cancelled */
static final int CANCELLED = 1;
/** waitStatus value to indicate successor's thread needs unparking */
static final int SIGNAL = -1;
/** waitStatus value to indicate thread is waiting on condition */
static final int CONDITION = -2;
/**
* waitStatus value to indicate the next acquireShared should
* unconditionally propagate
*/
static final int PROPAGATE = -3; /**
* Status field, taking on only the values:
* SIGNAL: The successor of this node is (or will soon be)
* blocked (via park), so the current node must
* unpark its successor when it releases or
* cancels. To avoid races, acquire methods must
* first indicate they need a signal,
* then retry the atomic acquire, and then,
* on failure, block.
* CANCELLED: This node is cancelled due to timeout or interrupt.
* Nodes never leave this state. In particular,
* a thread with cancelled node never again blocks.
* CONDITION: This node is currently on a condition queue.
* It will not be used as a sync queue node
* until transferred, at which time the status
* will be set to 0. (Use of this value here has
* nothing to do with the other uses of the
* field, but simplifies mechanics.)
* PROPAGATE: A releaseShared should be propagated to other
* nodes. This is set (for head node only) in
* doReleaseShared to ensure propagation
* continues, even if other operations have
* since intervened.
* 0: None of the above
*
* The values are arranged numerically to simplify use.
* Non-negative values mean that a node doesn't need to
* signal. So, most code doesn't need to check for particular
* values, just for sign.
*
* The field is initialized to 0 for normal sync nodes, and
* CONDITION for condition nodes. It is modified using CAS
* (or when possible, unconditional volatile writes).
*/
volatile int waitStatus;
每个节点中, 除了存储了当前线程,前后节点的引用以外,还有一个waitStatus变量,用于描述节点当前的状态。多线程并发执行时,队列中会有多个节点存在,这个waitStatus其实代表对应线程的状态:有的线程可能获取锁因为某些原因放弃竞争;有的线程在等待满足条件,满足之后才能执行等等。一共有4中状态:

CANCELLED 取消状态

SIGNAL 等待触发状态

CONDITION 等待条件状态

PROPAGATE 状态需要向后传播

到此为止,一个线程对于锁的一次竞争才告于段落,结果有两种,要么成功获取到锁(不用进入到AQS队列中),要么,获取失败,被挂起,等待下次唤醒后继续循环尝试获取锁,值得注意的是,AQS的队列为FIFO队列,所以,每次被CPU假唤醒,且当前线程不是出在头节点的位置,也是会被挂起的

非公平锁 加锁:


非公平锁相对于公平锁,只有加锁的环节是不同的

ReentrantLock 详解

非公平锁首先先去尝试修改AQS状态,如果成功了,当前线程就持有了锁,失败了,再像公平锁一样,进入队列,静静的等待

锁释放:


ReentrantLock 详解

还是一行代码,再看看sync的内部实现

ReentrantLock 详解

代码很直观明了,我们再看下是如何唤醒头结点的

ReentrantLock 详解

至此一个完整的流程就结束了。我们再来总结下整个流程

以公平锁为例

加锁:

    1.尝试获取锁,判断state是否是0,是0的话CAS操作把state改为1,获取到锁
2.state不是0,判断下是否存在重入锁的情况
3.如果1和2都失败了,那就要把节点插入到链表中
4.再把这个线程挂起,挂起的时候还会尝试一次1和2的操作

释放锁:

    1.释放锁
2.唤醒AQS节点