对python中的try、except、finally 执行顺序详解

时间:2022-06-27 03:34:18

如下所示:

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def test1():
  try:
   print('to do stuff')
   raise Exception('hehe')
   print('to return in try')
   return 'try'
 except Exception:
   print('process except')
   print('to return in except')
   return 'except'
 finally:
   print('to return in finally')
   return 'finally'
 
test1Return = test1()
print('test1Return : ' + test1Return)

输出:

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to do stuff
process except
to return in except
to return in finally
test1Return : finally

在 try 中 raise一个异常,就立刻转入 except 中执行,在except 中遇到 return 时,就强制转到 finally 中执行, 在 finally 中遇到 return 时就返回

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def test2():
  try:
   print('to do stuff')
   print('to return in try')
   return 'try'
 except Exception:
   print('process except')
   print('to return in except')
   return 'except'
 finally:
   print('to return in finally')
   return 'finally'
 
test2Return = test2()
print('test1Return : ' + test2Return)

输出:

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to do stuff
to return in try
to return in finally
test2Return : finally

这里在 try 中没有抛出异常,因此不会转到 except 中,但是在try 中遇到return时,也会立即强制转到finally中执行,并在finally中返回

test1和test2得到的结论:

无论是在try还是在except中,遇到return时,只要设定了finally语句,就会中断当前的return语句,跳转到finally中执行,如果finally中遇到return语句,就直接返回,不再跳转回try/excpet中被中断的return语句

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def test3():
  i = 0
 try:
   i += 1
 print('i in try : %s'%i)
   raise Exception('hehe')
 except Exception:
   i += 1
 print('i in except : %s'%i)
   return i
   finally:
   i += 1
 print ('i in finally : %s'%i )
 
print('test3Return : %s'% test3())

输出:

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i in try : 1
i in except : 2
i in finally : 3
test3Return : 2
 
def test4():
  i = 0
 try:
   i += 1
 return i
  finally:
   i += 1
 print ('i in finally : %s'%i )
print('test4Return : %s' % test4())

输出

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i in finally : 2
test4Return : 1

test3和test4得到的结论:

在except和try中遇到return时,会锁定return的值,然后跳转到finally中,如果finally中没有return语句,则finally执行完毕之后仍返回原return点,将之前锁定的值返回(即finally中的动作不影响返回值),如果finally中有return语句,则执行finally中的return语句。

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def test5():
  for i in range(5):
   try:
     print('do stuff %s'%i)
     raise Exception(i)
   except Exception:
     print('exception %s'%i)
     continue
 finally:
     print('do finally %s'%i)
test5()

输出

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do stuff 0
exception 0
do finally 0
do stuff 1
exception 1
do finally 1
do stuff 2
exception 2
do finally 2
do stuff 3
exception 3
do finally 3
do stuff 4
exception 4
do finally 4

test5得到的结论:

在一个循环中,最终要跳出循环之前,会先转到finally执行,执行完毕之后才开始下一轮循环

以上这篇对python中的try、except、finally 执行顺序详解就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。

原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/u010159842/article/details/54924940