同一个app内的界面切换 用Fragment比较合适，因为Activity比较重量级
Fragment 轻量级，切换灵活
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1. 创建和使用 Fragment
2. Fragment 的生命周期 及相关的实际应用
3. 创建一个带侧边栏的 Activity 以及使用
4. 创建一个 Tabbed Activity 并使用
5. 多个Fragment的切换和状态保存
6. Fragment的横竖屏切换
7. Fragment 与 Activity通信
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工程代码：
FragmentDemo.zip
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1. 创建和使用 Fragment
* 创建一个 带Fragment的Activity，将Fragment重构到一个新文件中PlaceholderFragment.java
* 创建另一个Fragment，AnotherFragment.java
* 使用按钮实现两个Fragment的切换
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M7hVP10ujt4T4Pc9vkLxgRxA0gTGnzzhe3h/vItnnnC2HqCOIc8LsABAkc4HcBCBI4wO8CECRwgMvxdQBs2DxvHhzaLnAr7/vLh60nmweHtgvcyre6D5jbRqwJoyvc5bYbdzOE7z8lfPkve39u+gijK9zktr2KmXUh6AqhuJVvdR/c5LaDd49TR33KSx0JA13RLq3ug5vcNrpCLOiKdml1H9rObRM338Way+cSMUvmQlj6IPKecNvIskzfTd5aSFqHd+930kqOyqzq/aiBhhvn6dnYUfIuim6H0RUuctvkB6YhMM1ceNsqP2QXWXYVkrYuyTQJL8xtynwwBrYQJe+W6HboXOEqt21yheEdM34087KmtoEbD0LSnJKYk3DD3BZ/zcCiTouSuiOkGkZXtJ/btnAF+U1gm8B24gq3IWlOSU5dwUyo2g7UhdEVLnEr73wfXOe2+a4wnlrZnkHZHg2th6Sta7VwBTfMbecKJ1HyLoxuh84VLnPb/DMo/VSFWHib2my82rb+vGwjJG0sllkSexJOmJucnDPQNkrehdHtcLlCTG6bS/B+rYswCZkrBOS2KaRkhMpwd9IUGNr2jHC5otO5bQbECQZ+T3QL4XIF5rYRJ4TLFQjihCAcUW7lg7APSC8RhCPKrXwQ9gHpJYJwRLmVD8I+IL1EEI4ot/Kt7gOut41YE0ZXYG4bsSaMrsDcthXEXUpe0zV/eT+MrsDcthXoinC6AnPbPoGuaAG38pjb7o5jDV3RCm7lMbfNucvKgYq5ZkM+iZHw1sZ1Rwi7DcLoitDktm1VWDXTi1aa5EwvReBD2G0QOleEKbftINtkrtk6y2qcH4IfN22DMLoiLLltWxVmzeiKsLkiXLntVryn12ztii4MYbdB6FwRpty2rQqrZmeu6KIQdhuEyxWY20acEDJXYG4bcUC4XIG5bcQJ4XIF5rYRJ/SOK7Bh87Z5cGi7wK287y8ftp5sHhzaLvBZHkECCPhdAIIEDhCsh7ltJPiAYD3MbSPBBwTrYW7bHvc51U4kXbvm5gAP7m0BTwpxDua27UFXuKILXYG57Y7R4WKC9+pz6EJXYG67Y6ArVLrQFeHKbZuD16z0HRWHbcQmqPsaTbvATB4SxbBnACo2ws+Fs191MISkrF58wkFEWMWQp6WkTXPqe+lDQh3cDW+ZcOW2zf3Ndepqzdno9DZrF5j7SxRDz6AfZvSLY5ELN/SmJ7J/8Un9SERf3JKV9dU/HYKzTDi4G94y0tjl/FrDFaHJbVMRU+4Hqzmnyt0F5jwsVxhPe5hPMBOwFuoOXvxml3QskpTSsUhS0lTYL6/d54vYLC64G94y5y6PzT4qq64ITW6bDNMxDi0tbup0F9jzOHQF/cFNbeTvgcx3BbcY2g9pljJVWIhd8dlXV+ZWy09e1MzXFb2b25bM68aTZ8yylIxEYrGIeec4u8Cex9kZFONF4LjC4vzN/sWXpWQkEtG//LTzKM7La3YaVajghDq4G94yI5eu/lAor27XVrf3tN8+9Xpum3IRo07aI9TOsXeBPY9ejMOrbRtX0FfFSc53heWLT1RmdfLHc4XxYkZUQh3cDW+Zj6VrM8vllWe7S892C9u7mNtugR7YhS4BBOud/HLyTz8uqyltLbSNuW0OPbALXQkI1jszNp2+MPX7C1MnL04NX5zC3LYNPbALXQj4XQCCBA7wuwAECRzgdwEIEjjA7wIQJHCA3wUgSOAAwXqY20aCDwjWw9w2EnxAsF6Ic9vNOxF4d26L+69rD+6J6G1AsF6Ic9voiq4BBOuFOLdtdyyiKwIDCNYLcW4bXdE1gGC90OS2mZk7Ompn2C0wJCEM24KVbO5tQLBeWHLbjGfMrjDkb5i5qIAmm3sbEKwXpty24UvE5ApehewCgpXh7G1AsF5octtEZYZj0YkrAp9s7m1AsF5YcttSMmnMXlqfQRnP8QKebO5tQLBeaHLbxHmQfjFsutpmB6O7INnc24BgPcxtI8EHBOthbhsJPiBYD3PbSPABvwtAkMABfheAIIED/C4AQQIH+F0AggQO8LsABAkc4HcBCBI4/h9OiFM9AsfdQAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" alt="" />
1.1 在layout fragment_main中添加一个按钮btnOpenAnohterFragment， 用于打开另一个Fragment；
replace, add, hide, show
public class PlaceholderFragment extends Fragment {
public PlaceholderFragment() {
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_main, container,
false);
rootView.findViewById(R.id.btnOpenAnohterFragment).setOnClickListener(
new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
getFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
.addToBackStack(null) //支持返回键,否则点返回直接退出app
.replace(R.id.container, new AnotherFragment())
.commit();
}
});
return rootView;
}
}
1.2 在AnotherFragment 添加按钮btnBack，用于返回上一个Fragment
public class AnotherFragment extends Fragment {
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
View root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_another, container, false);
root.findViewById(R.id.btnBack).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
getFragmentManager().popBackStack();
}
});
return root; //super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
}
}
2. Fragment 的生命周期 及相关的实际应用
比Activity的生命周期多很多，
onCreate，onCreateView，onPause是最常用的
创建两个Fragment， A， B
1. 打开FragmentA -> 暂停FragmentA -> 恢复FragmentA -> 关闭FragmentA，生命周期变化如下
打开Fragment A
08-13 19:18:32.062 D 27014 27014 FragmentA: onAttach
08-13 19:18:32.062 D 27014 27014 FragmentA: onCreate
08-13 19:18:32.062 D 27014 27014 FragmentA: onCreateView
08-13 19:18:32.062 D 27014 27014 FragmentA: onActivityCreated
08-13 19:18:32.062 D 27014 27014 FragmentA: onStart
08-13 19:18:32.062 D 27014 27014 FragmentA: onResume A Fragment 活动 暂停 Fragment A
08-13 19:19:32.352 D 27014 27014 FragmentA: onPause
08-13 19:19:32.382 D 27014 27014 FragmentA: onStop 恢复Fragment A
08-13 19:20:11.102 D 27014 27014 FragmentA: onStart
08-13 19:20:11.102 D 27014 27014 FragmentA: onResume 退出 Fragment A
08-13 19:20:52.022 D 27014 27014 FragmentA: onPause
08-13 19:20:52.472 D 27014 27014 FragmentA: onStop
08-13 19:20:52.472 D 27014 27014 FragmentA: onDestroyView
08-13 19:20:52.472 D 27014 27014 FragmentA: onDestroy
08-13 19:20:52.472 D 27014 27014 FragmentA: onDetach
2. 打开FragmentA -> 由FragmentA打开FragmentB -> 从FragmentB返回FragmentA，生命周期变化如下
打开Fragment A
08-13 19:51:09.227 D 5395 5395 FragmentA: onAttach
08-13 19:51:09.227 D 5395 5395 FragmentA: onCreate
08-13 19:51:09.237 D 5395 5395 FragmentA: onCreateView
08-13 19:51:09.237 D 5395 5395 FragmentA: onActivityCreated
08-13 19:51:09.237 D 5395 5395 FragmentA: onStart
08-13 19:51:09.237 D 5395 5395 FragmentA: onResume 从A 打开 B
08-13 19:51:12.097 D 5395 5395 FragmentA: onPause
08-13 19:51:12.097 D 5395 5395 FragmentA: onStop
08-13 19:51:12.097 D 5395 5395 FragmentA: onDestroyView
FragmentA内部的View组件完成
08-13 19:51:12.097 D 5395 5395 FragmentB: onAttach
08-13 19:51:12.097 D 5395 5395 FragmentB: onCreate
08-13 19:51:12.097 D 5395 5395 FragmentB: onCreateView
08-13 19:51:12.107 D 5395 5395 FragmentB: onActivityCreated
08-13 19:51:12.107 D 5395 5395 FragmentB: onStart
08-13 19:51:12.107 D 5395 5395 FragmentB: onResume
B处于稳定状态
从B返回A
08-13 19:51:36.067 D 5395 5395 FragmentB: onPause
08-13 19:51:36.067 D 5395 5395 FragmentB: onStop
08-13 19:51:36.067 D 5395 5395 FragmentB: onDestroyView
08-13 19:51:36.067 D 5395 5395 FragmentB: onDestroy
08-13 19:51:36.067 D 5395 5395 FragmentB: onDetach
08-13 19:51:36.077 D 5395 5395 FragmentA: onCreateView
08-13 19:51:36.077 D 5395 5395 FragmentA: onActivityCreated
08-13 19:51:36.077 D 5395 5395 FragmentA: onStart
08-13 19:51:36.077 D 5395 5395 FragmentA: onResume
可以看到，两个Fragment使用replace方法切换的时候，是A完全销毁以后，才加载的B
3. 创建一个带侧边栏的 Activity 以及使用
新建 SliderActivity： 类型Navigation Drawer Activity， 可以看到SDK默认创建了几个文件
SliderActivity.java
NavigationDrawerFragment.java activity_slider.xml
fragment_navigation_drawer.xml
fragment_slider.xml
* 默认效果： onCreateView中有一个ListView，来显示数据
在 NavigationDrawerFragment.java 中 修改onCreateView 中的Adapter，添加 "CARLOZ LIB"
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
mDrawerListView = (ListView) inflater.inflate(
R.layout.fragment_navigation_drawer, container, false);
mDrawerListView
.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
int position, long id) {
selectItem(position);
}
});
mDrawerListView.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActionBar()
.getThemedContext(),
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1,
android.R.id.text1, new String[] {
getString(R.string.title_section1),
getString(R.string.title_section2),
getString(R.string.title_section3),
"CARLOZ LIB",}));
mDrawerListView.setItemChecked(mCurrentSelectedPosition, true);
return mDrawerListView;
}
在 SliderActivity.java 中修改 onSectionAttached 中的添加case语句，即可出现如下效果
public void onSectionAttached(int number) {
switch (number) {
case 1:
mTitle = getString(R.string.title_section1);
break;
case 2:
mTitle = getString(R.string.title_section2);
break;
case 3:
mTitle = getString(R.string.title_section3);
break;
case 4:
mTitle = "CARLOZ LIB";
break;
}
}
* 自定义侧边栏
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" 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" alt="" />
创建一个Fragment：CarlozLibFragment.java，并为其创建一个布局carloz_lib_webview.xml，内部有一个WebView控件，顺便在AndroidManifest.xml中添加Intent访问权限；在CarlozLibFragment中重写onCreateView方法，让WebView访问我的个人网站（http://carloz.duapp.com）；
public class CarlozLibFragment extends Fragment {
private String TAG = "CARLOZ";
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
View root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.carloz_lib_webview, container, false);
WebView wv =(WebView)root.findViewById(R.id.wv);
Log.d(TAG, "load url: carloz lib");
wv.loadUrl("http://carloz.duapp.com");
return root;
}
}
将NavigationDrawerFragment.java 中 onCreateView中ListView相关内容删除，用自定义布局 diy_slider_content.xml （目录res/layout）替换；diy_slider_content中定义了一个按钮，用来打开刚刚创建的CarlozLibFragment；
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.diy_slider_content, container, false); root.findViewById(R.id.btnJump).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (mDrawerLayout != null) {
// 隐藏侧边栏
mDrawerLayout.closeDrawer(mFragmentContainerView);
}
if(mCallbacks != null) {
mCallbacks.onGotoCarlozLibClicked();
}
}
}); return root;
}
onGotoCarlozLibClicked()这个接口是自定义接口，在 静态接口 NavigationDrawerCallbacks 中新增定义
public static interface NavigationDrawerCallbacks {
/**
* Called when an item in the navigation drawer is selected.
*/
void onNavigationDrawerItemSelected(int position);
// 通过回调传给主界面
void onGotoCarlozLibClicked();
}
需要在主界面SliderActivity中实现该回调方法， 因为主界面实现了 NavigationDrawerFragment.NavigationDrawerCallbacks 接口
@Override
public void onGotoCarlozLibClicked() {
// 需要实现 NavigationDrawerFragment.java Callback中新增的方法
// 在容器 container 中添加 fragment CarlozLibFragment
getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
.replace(R.id.container, new CarlozLibFragment())
.commit();
}
运行结果如下：
4. 创建一个 Tabbed Activity 并使用
默认样式：
自定义：
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" alt="" />
aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" />
* 创建drawble目录，并在里面放三张图片img1, img2, img3；
* 创建三个ImageFragment， 分别加载三种图片
* 在 TabsActivity 中调用三个Fragment
public class Image1Fragment extends Fragment {
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
ImageView iv = new ImageView(getActivity());
iv.setImageResource(R.drawable.img1);
return iv;
}
}
public class SectionsPagerAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter {
public SectionsPagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm) {
super(fm);
}
@Override
public Fragment getItem(int position) {
// getItem is called to instantiate the fragment for the given page.
// Return a PlaceholderFragment (defined as a static inner class
// below).
switch(position) {
case 0:
return new Image1Fragment();
case 1:
return new Image2Fragment();
case 2:
return new Image3Fragment();
}
return null;
//return PlaceholderFragment.newInstance(position + 1);
}
结果如下
5. 多个Fragment的切换和状态保存
Fragment的操作有 add， replace， remove三个方法
从2可以看出，使用replace方法来切换Fragment时会完全销毁上一个Fragment，这样再切换回上一个Fragment时，它的状态就会丢失；
5.1 现在 有一个问题，当一个Activity中 使用了 多个同级Fragment，那么多个Fragment切换时如何保存Fragment的状态？
智慧的网友们给出了解决方案：把用到的Fragment全部使用add方法添加， 使用hide、show方法来控制，需要使用哪个，就显示哪个。缺点是：几个Fragment会一直占用内存，直到Fragment销毁
aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" />
定义一个Activity：FragmentSwitchActivity，用于存放Fragment
定义两个Fragment：PlaceholderFragment 和 FragmentSwitch1，用于演示 切换操作
定义一个Callback：FragmentSwitchCallBack，用于管理Fragment 和 切换逻辑
使用这个Callback，控制再多的Fragment都行，这里为了简单，只控制两个
public interface FragmentSwitchCallBack {
//使用一个List管理当前添加的Fragment
public void addFragment(String tag);
public void removeFragment(String tag);
public void openFragmentByTag(String tag);
}
Callback在Fragment中使用如下：
public class FragmentSwitchX extends Fragment {
public static String TAG = "FragmentSwitch1";
private FragmentSwitchCallBack mSwitchCallBack;
@Override
public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onAttach(activity);
Log.d(TAG, "onAttach");
mSwitchCallBack = (FragmentSwitchCallBack) activity;
mSwitchCallBack.addFragment(TAG);
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
View root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_switch1, container, false);
root.findViewById(R.id.btnSwitchToPlaceholderFragment).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if(null != mSwitchCallBack){
Log.d(TAG, "switch to PlaceholderFragment");
mSwitchCallBack.openFragmentByTag(PlaceholderFragment.TAG);
}
}
});
Log.d(TAG, "onCreateView");
return root;
}
@Override
public void onDetach() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Log.d(TAG, "onDetach");
mSwitchCallBack.removeFragment(TAG);
super.onDetach();
}
}
在Activity中实现该CallBack，用来管理 Fragment List， 将需要的Fragment显示，不需要的隐藏：
public class FragmentSwitchActivity extends FragmentActivity implements
FragmentSwitchCallBack { @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_fragment_switch);
if (savedInstanceState == null) {
getSupportFragmentManager()
.beginTransaction()
.add(R.id.container, new PlaceholderFragment(),
PlaceholderFragment.TAG).commit();
}
} private List<String> fragmnetList;
@Override
public void openFragmentByTag(String tag) {
FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction ft = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
if(null == ft) return;
if (null == fragmnetList)
fragmnetList = new ArrayList<String>(); if (fragmnetList.contains(tag)) {
for (String s : fragmnetList) {
if (s == tag)
ft.show(fm.findFragmentByTag(s));
else
ft.hide(fm.findFragmentByTag(s));
}
} else {
if (PlaceholderFragment.TAG == tag) {
ft.add(R.id.container, new PlaceholderFragment(), tag);
} else if (FragmentSwitch1.TAG == tag) {
ft.add(R.id.container, new FragmentSwitch1(), tag);
}
for (String s : fragmnetList) {
ft.hide(fm.findFragmentByTag(s));
}
}
ft.commit();
}
@Override
public void addFragment(String tag) {
if (null == fragmnetList)
fragmnetList = new ArrayList<String>();
fragmnetList.add(tag);
}
@Override
public void removeFragment(String tag) {
if (null != fragmnetList) {
fragmnetList.remove(tag);
}
}
}
两个Fragment切换时的生命周期如下
打开FragmentSwitchActivity，顺便添加第FragmentPlaceholder
08-14 16:30:43.601 D 5967 5967 FragmentPlaceholder: onAttach
08-14 16:30:43.601 D 5967 5967 FragmentPlaceholder: onCreate
08-14 16:30:43.701 D 5967 5967 FragmentPlaceholder: onCreateView
打开FragmentSwitch1
08-14 16:30:49.101 D 5967 5967 FragmentSwitch1: onAttach
08-14 16:30:49.101 D 5967 5967 FragmentSwitch1: onCreate
08-14 16:30:49.161 D 5967 5967 FragmentSwitch1: onCreateView
以后再切换，生命周期不再变化
5.2 二级Fragment的状态保存
此问题以后再分析~
6. 单个Fragment的横竖屏切换及状态保存
6.1 横竖屏切换时的Fragment生命周期变化如下， 会先销毁，再重新创建
08-13 20:13:59.127 D 7089 7089 FragmentA: onPause
08-13 20:13:59.127 D 7089 7089 FragmentA: onStop
08-13 20:13:59.127 D 7089 7089 FragmentA: onDestroyView
08-13 20:13:59.127 D 7089 7089 FragmentA: onDestroy
08-13 20:13:59.127 D 7089 7089 FragmentA: onDetach
08-13 20:13:59.177 D 7089 7089 FragmentA: onAttach
08-13 20:13:59.177 D 7089 7089 FragmentA: onCreate
08-13 20:13:59.197 D 7089 7089 FragmentA: onCreateView
08-13 20:13:59.197 D 7089 7089 FragmentA: onActivityCreated
08-13 20:13:59.197 D 7089 7089 FragmentA: onStart
08-13 20:13:59.207 D 7089 7089 FragmentA: onResume
6.2 默认情况下横竖屏切换后整个FragmentActivity会被销毁并重建，所有Fragment中的成员变量也会丢失，但所有的Fragment状态数据如上所述会被保留并还原，这个时候所有的视图都会重新创建。
未采取任何解决方案时的转屏log
08-14 10:17:07.389 D 6620 6620 ScreenRotationActivity: onCreate
08-14 10:17:07.389 D 6620 6620 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onCreate
08-14 10:17:07.389 D 6620 6620 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onCreateView
开始转屏
08-14 10:17:13.259 D 6620 6620 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onDestroyView
08-14 10:17:13.259 D 6620 6620 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onDetach
08-14 10:17:13.319 D 6620 6620 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onCreate
08-14 10:17:13.339 D 6620 6620 ScreenRotationActivity: onCreate
08-14 10:17:13.349 D 6620 6620 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onCreateView
转屏完成
6.2.1 解决方法一：在相应的Activity配置中加上android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize"设置，这样切换时就不会销毁FragmentActivity,所有的Fragment的状态及视图也就会保持。
<activity
android:name=".v6_1.ScreenRotationActivity"
android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize"
android:label="@string/title_activity_screen_rotation" >
</activity>
@Override
public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
Log.d(TAG, "onConfigurationChanged");
}
使用解决方案一以后的生命周期变化如下，可以解决问题：
08-14 10:21:22.429 D 7697 7697 ScreenRotationActivity: onCreate
08-14 10:21:22.429 D 7697 7697 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onCreate
08-14 10:21:22.429 D 7697 7697 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onCreateView
开始转屏
08-14 10:21:26.249 D 7697 7697 ScreenRotationActivity: onConfigurationChanged
转屏完成
6.2.2 解决方法二：在使用FragmentTransaction.add()方法添加fragment时设置第三个tag参数,随后在还原时可通过FragmentManager.findFragmentByTag()方法找回还原的fragment.
Fragment f = getFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(FragmentA);
if(null == f) {
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate: new FragmentA");
f = new PlaceholderFragment();
}
if (savedInstanceState == null) {
getFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
.add(R.id.container, f, FragmentA)
.commit();
}
经我实验，Fragment虽然找回来了，但是还是回执行onCreateView方法，UI组件状态已丢失，哪位大神有好的方法，请@我， 简略版生命周期如下
08-14 11:01:43.639 D 10628 10628 ScreenRotationActivity: onCreate
08-14 11:01:43.649 D 10628 10628 ScreenRotationActivity: onCreate: new FragmentA
08-14 11:01:43.659 D 10628 10628 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onCreate
08-14 11:01:43.659 D 10628 10628 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onCreateView
开始转屏
08-14 11:01:48.129 D 10628 10628 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onDestroyView
08-14 11:01:48.129 D 10628 10628 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onDetach
08-14 11:01:48.199 D 10628 10628 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onCreate
08-14 11:01:48.199 D 10628 10628 ScreenRotationActivity: onCreate
08-14 11:01:48.229 D 10628 10628 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onCreateView
转屏完成
6.2.3 解决方案三： Fragment生命周期 onPause之后 onDestroyView之前，会执行 onSaveInstanceState 方法。
生命周期如下：
08-14 11:39:50.149 D 12536 12536 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onPause
08-14 11:39:50.149 D 12536 12536 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onSaveInstanceState
08-14 11:39:50.149 D 12536 12536 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onDestroyView
08-14 11:39:50.159 D 12536 12536 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onDestroy
08-14 11:39:50.159 D 12536 12536 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onDetach
08-14 11:39:50.209 D 12536 12536 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onCreate
08-14 11:39:50.209 D 12536 12536 ScreenRotationActivity: onCreate
08-14 11:39:50.229 D 12536 12536 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onCreateView
我们可以在onSaveInstanceState方法中，保存关键数据
@Override
public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Log.d(TAG, "onSaveInstanceState");
outState.putString("carloz", "Carlo Zhang");
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate");
if(null != savedInstanceState) {
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate: " + savedInstanceState.getString("carloz"));
}
}
结果如下：
08-14 11:44:51.949 D 13933 13933 ScreenRotationActivity: onCreate
08-14 11:44:51.959 D 13933 13933 ScreenRotationActivity: onCreate: new FragmentA
08-14 11:44:51.979 D 13933 13933 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onCreate
08-14 11:44:51.979 D 13933 13933 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onCreateView
开始转屏
08-14 11:44:55.249 D 13933 13933 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onPause
08-14 11:44:55.259 D 13933 13933 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onSaveInstanceState
08-14 11:44:55.259 D 13933 13933 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onDestroyView
08-14 11:44:55.259 D 13933 13933 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onDestroy
08-14 11:44:55.259 D 13933 13933 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onDetach
08-14 11:44:55.329 D 13933 13933 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onCreate
08-14 11:44:55.329 D 13933 13933 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onCreate: Carlo Zhang
08-14 11:44:55.329 D 13933 13933 ScreenRotationActivity: onCreate
08-14 11:44:55.349 D 13933 13933 ScreenRotationActivity-Fragment: onCreateView
转屏完成
其他如 保存在文件或者数据库中的方法就不再列举了
7. Fragment 与 Activity 通信
7.1 Activity 向 Fragment 传递数据
在Activity中创建Bundle数据包，并调用Fragment的setArguments(Bundle bundle)方法，即可将Bundle数据包 传给Fragment
7.2 Fragment 向 Activity 传递数据
定义一个CallBack接口，让Activity实现改接口，在Fragment中即可调用该Callback的接口，代码见 5.1
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工程代码：FragmentDemo.zip