本文的主题是基于Selenium Server,使用 Java 语言编写网页交互流程,
实现多浏览器(IE Firefox Chrome)兼容性测试,为使用纪要。
Selenium
Selenium是一套浏览器自动化测试工具(http://www.seleniumhq.org/),
其中Selenium IDE为火狐的一个插件,此插件可以实现火狐浏览器上用户操作的录制和回放功能,
但是录制结果不能再其他浏览器上验证。
幸好其可以导出 JUnit框架等的测试代码,让其可以再其他浏览器上执行。
JUnit
是一个单元测试框架,官网见下:
https://github.com/junit-team/junit
博客园上有使用介绍博文:
http://www.cnblogs.com/mengdd/archive/2013/03/26/2983565.html
准备:
1、下载eclipse, 其自带junit。 下载地址 www.Eclipse.org
2、下载Selenium Server 和 Java Client Driver, 下载地址 http://docs.seleniumhq.org/download/
http://selenium-release.storage.googleapis.com/2.41/selenium-server-standalone-2.41.0.jar
http://selenium-release.storage.googleapis.com/2.41/selenium-java-2.41.0.zip
3、下载IE Driver,
http://selenium-release.storage.googleapis.com/2.41/IEDriverServer_Win32_2.41.0.zip
4、下载Chrome Driver,
http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html
http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/2.10/chromedriver_win32.zip
安装配置:
1、启动eclipse,
创建SeleniumTest工程,
创建包 com.selenium.test.junitcode,
创建类 seleniumTestJunit.java
将 Selenium IDE导出的JUnit代码放到此类中,
此代码中只支持Firefox,后面给出代码支持 IE 和 Chrome。
2、选择工程, 右键, Build Path -》 Add Library,选择 Junit, 点击next finish。
3、选择工程, 右键, Build Path -》 Config Build Path,Library 标签页, 点击 Add External Jars,
添加Selenium Server 和 Java Client Driver
4、IE 和 Chrome Driver解压到目录:
C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator\\桌面\\seleniumtest\\
运行:
点击开始按钮,依次执行指令,本例中为打开 Baidu页,搜索“母亲节”, 分别执行 firefox chrome 和 IE。
其中,testCases为填充测试用例函数。
如下对于每个浏览器都执行下面类似三句,有重复语句,扩展性也不好;
本想使用数组容纳函数, 循环执行, 可惜Java不支持,请Java大侠指点。
prepareFirefoxDriver();
testCases();
testover();
package com.selenium.test.junitcode; import java.io.File;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import org.junit.*; import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*; import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select; public class seleniumTestJunit {
private WebDriver driver;
private String baseUrl;
private boolean acceptNextAlert = true;
private StringBuffer verificationErrors = new StringBuffer(); @Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
baseUrl = "http://www.baidu.com";
} private void prepareIEDriver(){
/* IE driver */
File file = new File("C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator\\桌面\\seleniumtest\\IEDriverServer.exe");
System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", file.getAbsolutePath());
driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
} private void prepareFirefoxDriver(){
/* firefox driver */
driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
} private void prepareChromeDriver(){
File file = new File("C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator\\桌面\\seleniumtest\\chromedriver.exe");
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", file.getAbsolutePath());
driver = new ChromeDriver();
} private void testCases() throws Exception {
driver.get(baseUrl);
Thread.sleep(1000);
driver.findElement(By.id("kw1")).clear();
driver.findElement(By.id("kw1")).sendKeys("母亲节");
Thread.sleep(1000);
driver.findElement(By.id("su1")).click();
Thread.sleep(3000);
} public void testover() throws Exception {
driver.close();
String verificationErrorString = verificationErrors.toString();
if (!"".equals(verificationErrorString)) {
fail(verificationErrorString);
}
} @Test
public void testTt() throws Exception { prepareFirefoxDriver();
testCases();
testover(); prepareChromeDriver();
testCases();
testover(); prepareIEDriver();
testCases();
testover();
} @After
public void tearDown() throws Exception { }
}
附录问题查证记录:
如果IE运行中遇到如下打印, 请退出360安全卫士:
org.openqa.selenium.remote.SessionNotFoundException: Unexpected error launching Internet Explorer. IELaunchURL() returned HRESULT ('参数不正确。') for URL 'http://localhost:48104/' (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)
Command duration or timeout: 5.84 seconds
附录支持Selenium IDE导出JUnit代码:
package com.example.tests; import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.junit.*;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select; public class Seleniumbaidutest {
private WebDriver driver;
private String baseUrl;
private boolean acceptNextAlert = true;
private StringBuffer verificationErrors = new StringBuffer(); @Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
baseUrl = "http://www.baidu.com/";
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
} @Test
public void testSeleniumbaidu() throws Exception {
driver.get(baseUrl + "/");
driver.findElement(By.id("su")).click();
driver.findElement(By.id("su1")).click();
driver.findElement(By.id("kw1")).clear();
driver.findElement(By.id("kw1")).sendKeys("母亲节");
driver.findElement(By.id("su1")).click();
} @After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
driver.quit();
String verificationErrorString = verificationErrors.toString();
if (!"".equals(verificationErrorString)) {
fail(verificationErrorString);
}
} private boolean isElementPresent(By by) {
try {
driver.findElement(by);
return true;
} catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
return false;
}
} private boolean isAlertPresent() {
try {
driver.switchTo().alert();
return true;
} catch (NoAlertPresentException e) {
return false;
}
} private String closeAlertAndGetItsText() {
try {
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
String alertText = alert.getText();
if (acceptNextAlert) {
alert.accept();
} else {
alert.dismiss();
}
return alertText;
} finally {
acceptNextAlert = true;
}
}
}