1.匿名块：
declare
v_avgsal number(6,2);
begin
select avg(sal) into v_avgsal from emp where deptno=&no;
dbms_output.put_line('平均工资:'||v_avgsal);
end;
2.命名块：
<<outer>>
declare
v_deptno number(2);
v_dname varchar2(10);
begin
<<inner>>
begin
select deptno into v_deptno from emp where lower(ename)=lower('&name');
end;--<<inner>>
select dname into v_dname from dept where deptno=v_deptno;
dbms_output.put_line('部门名:'||v_dname);
end;--<<outer>>
<<outer>>外层块 <<inner>>内层块
3.子程序：包括过程、函数、包。
3.1过程：
create procedure update_sal(name1 varchar2,newsal number)
is
begin
update emp set sal=newsal where lower(ename)=lower(name1);
end;
exec update_sal('scott',3700);
3.2函数：
create function annual_income(name1 varchar2)
return number is
annual_salary number(7,2);
begin
select sal*12+nvl(comm,0) into annual_salary from emp where lower(ename)=lower(name1);
return annual_salary;
end;
var income number
call annual_income('scott') into :income;
3.3包
create package emp_pkg is
procedure update_sal(name1 varchar2,newsal number);
function annual_income(name1 varhcar2) return number;
end;
create
3.3.1包体：用于实现包规范中的过程和函数
create package body emp_pkg1 is
procedure update_sal(name1 varchar2,newsal number)
is
begin
update emp set sal=newsal where lower(ename)=lower(name1);
end;
function annual_income(name1 varchar2) return number
is
annual_salary number(7,2);
begin
select sal*12+nvl(comm,0) into annual_salary from emp where lower(ename)=lower(name1);
return annual_salary;
end;
end;
exec emp_pkg1.update_sal('scott',1500);
var income number
exec emp_pkg1.annual_income('scott') into :income;
4.触发器：
create trigger update_cascade
after update of deptno on dept for each row
begin
update emp set deptno=:new.deptno where deptno=:old.deptno;
end;