一、基本信息说明
【DB1】
IP: 192.168.102.144
hostname: LVS-Real1
【DB2】
IP: 192.168.102.145
hostname: LVS-Real2
【VIP】
IP: 192.168.102.146
二、MySQL配置主主互备
1.配置DB1和DB2的/etc/my.cnf
【DB1】
[root@LVS-Real1 ~]# more /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port =
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld]
user=mysql
port =
server_id = 1 #需保证唯一性
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
basedir =/usr/local/mysql
datadir =/usr/local/mysql/data
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log/mysql-error.log log-bin=mysql-bin #开启二进制日志
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.% #忽略复制mysql数据库下的所有对象，以下依次类推
replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%
【DB2】
[root@LVS-Real2 ~]# more /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port =
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld]
user=mysql
port =
server_id = 2 #需保证唯一性
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
basedir =/usr/local/mysql
datadir =/usr/local/mysql/data
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log/mysql-error.log log-bin=mysql-bin #开启二进制日志
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin
replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%
2.手动同步数据库
如果DB1上有数据，在执行主主互备之前，需要将DB1和DB2上两个数据库保持同步，首先在DB1上执行备份，执行如下语句：
mysql>flush tables with read lock;
在关闭上述终端的情况下，新开启一个终端打包数据库。
3.创建复制用户并授权
- 首先在【DB1】上的MySQL库中创建复制用户
mysql>grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl_user'@'192.168.102.145' identified by 'repl_passwd';
- 在【DB1】上执行如下语句，并记下File和Position的值
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 1004 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
row in set (0.02 sec)
- 然后在【DB2】上将DB1设为自己的主服务器，如下：
change master to \
master_host='192.168.102.144', #DB1的IP地址
master_user='repl_user',
master_password='repl_passwd',
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002', #DB1上查询出的File值
master_log_pos=; #DB1上查询出的Position值
- 在【DB2】上启动slave服务，并查询slave的运行状态
mysql>start slave;
查看Slave的运行状态，这里需要关注Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running.这两个就是在Slave节点上运行的主从复制线程，正常情况下两个值都应该为Yes.
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** . row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.102.144
Master_User: repl_user
Master_Port:
Connect_Retry:
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.
Read_Master_Log_Pos:
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.
Relay_Log_Pos:
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: mysql.%,test.%,information_schema.%
Last_Errno:
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter:
Exec_Master_Log_Pos:
Relay_Log_Space:
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos:
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master:
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno:
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno:
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id:
Master_UUID: 64e9b20f-2eee-11e8-ab62-000c29889112
Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
SQL_Delay:
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count:
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position:
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
row in set (0.00 sec)
- 接下来开始配置从DB2到DB1的MySQL主从复制，这个配置过程和上面一样。
- 首先在【DB2】上的MySQL库中创建复制用户，并查看数据库状态，记下File和Position值。
grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl_user'@'192.168.102.144' identified by 'repl_passwd';
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 1004 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
row in set (0.02 sec)
- 然后在【DB1】上将DB2设为自己的主服务器
change master to \
master_host='192.168.102.145',
master_user='repl_user',
master_password='repl_passwd',
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',
master_log_pos=;
- 在【DB1】上启动slave服务
mysql>start slave;
在【DB1】查看Slave的运行状态，这里需要关注Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running.这两个就是在Slave节点上运行的主从复制线程，正常情况下两个值都应该为Yes.
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** . row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.102.145
Master_User: repl_user
Master_Port:
Connect_Retry:
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.
Read_Master_Log_Pos:
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.
Relay_Log_Pos:
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: mysql.%,test.%,information_schema.%
Last_Errno:
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter:
Exec_Master_Log_Pos:
Relay_Log_Space:
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos:
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master:
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno:
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno:
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id:
Master_UUID: a35a032d-2ef8-11e8-bd3c-000c2910f959
Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
SQL_Delay:
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count:
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position:
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
row in set (0.00 sec)
- 至此，主主复制配置完毕；
三、Keepalived的安装与配置
1.下载Keepalived
http://www.keepalived.org/download.html
2.安装Keepalived
#.安装依赖包
yum -y install gcc openssl-devel libnfnetlink libnfnetlink-devel #.开始安装
tar -xvf keepalived-1.2..tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.2.
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
make
make install
3.复制文件到相应目录
cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/ cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/ cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
mkdir -p /etc/keepalived
cp -r /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived
4.配置keepalived.conf
【DB1】
[root@LVS-Real1 keepalived]# more /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
notification_email {
guanyy0911@.com
}
notification_email_from guanyy0911@.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout
router_id MySQL-ha
} vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id
priority 100 #设置优先级
advert_int
nopreempt #设置不抢占，当因为故障切换到DB2后，如果DB1恢复，则不再切回DB1，直到DB2出现故障才切换回DB1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.102.146 #设置虚拟IP，即VIP
}
} virtual_server 192.168.102.146 {
delay_loop
lb_algo wrr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.102.144 {
weight
notify_down /etc/keepalived/mysql.sh
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout
nb_get_retry
delay_before_retry
connect_port
}
}
}
mysql.sh脚本的内容如下：
[root@LVS-Real1 keepalived]# more /etc/keepalived/mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash
pkill keepalived
说明：该脚本主要用来当MySQL服务关闭时杀掉keepalived进程，进而达到切换的目的。
【DB2】
[root@LVS-Real2 keepalived]# more /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
notification_email {
guanyy0911@.com
}
notification_email_from guanyy0911@.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout
router_id MySQL-ha
} vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id
priority 90 #设置优先级，要比DB1低
advert_int
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.102.146 #设置虚拟IP，即VIP
}
} virtual_server 192.168.102.146 {
delay_loop
lb_algo wrr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.102.145 {
weight
notify_down /etc/keepalived/mysql.sh
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout
nb_get_retry
delay_before_retry
connect_port
}
}
}
mysql.sh脚本的内容如下：
[root@LVS-Real1 keepalived]# more /etc/keepalived/mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash
pkill keepalived
说明：该脚本主要用来当MySQL服务关闭时杀掉keepalived进程，进而达到切换的目的。
5.启动keepalived
service keepalived start
5.检查并测试VIP是否可用
如果在/var/log/messages文件中有如下信息，说明VIP已经可用。
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived[]: Stopping Keepalived v1.2.18 (/,)
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived[]: Starting Keepalived v1.2.18 (/,)
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived[]: Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived[]: Starting VRRP child process, pid=
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived_vrrp[]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.102.144 added
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived_vrrp[]: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::20c:29ff:fe88: added
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived_vrrp[]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived_vrrp[]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.102.144 added
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived_vrrp[]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived_vrrp[]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[]: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::20c:29ff:fe88: added
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived_vrrp[]: Configuration is using : Bytes
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived_vrrp[]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[]: Configuration is using : Bytes
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived_vrrp[]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived_vrrp[]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(), proto(), unicast(), fd(,)]
Mar :: LVS-Real1 Keepalived_healthcheckers[]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
此时从外部的客户端可以ping通该VIP.
C:\Users\Sakura>ping 192.168.102.146 正在 Ping 192.168.102.146 具有 字节的数据:
来自 192.168.102.146 的回复: 字节= 时间<1ms TTL=
来自 192.168.102.146 的回复: 字节= 时间<1ms TTL=
来自 192.168.102.146 的回复: 字节= 时间<1ms TTL=
来自 192.168.102.146 的回复: 字节= 时间<1ms TTL= 192.168.102.146 的 Ping 统计信息:
数据包: 已发送 = ，已接收 = ，丢失 = (% 丢失)，
往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):
最短 = 0ms，最长 = 0ms，平均 = 0ms
6. 同时启动DB1和DB2上的mysql和keepalived服务
service mysql.server start
service keepalived start
7.从第三方客户端通过VIP来登录数据库。看是否可以登录。
我们通过navicat进行登录，发现是可以通过VIP登录。之后查询当前使用是哪个数据库。如下图查询到，使用的是DB1.
7.我们停掉DB1数据库，看是否会切换到DB2上。
通过实验发现，发现已经切换到DB2上了。
8. 我们再次启动DB1上的Mysql服务和keepalived服务（已经通过脚本实现MySQL服务关闭的同时，脚本会杀掉keepalived进程）
通过实验发现，由于我们设置的是不抢占，在DB1启动后，并没有切换回DB2. 达到预期的目的。
9.这次我们停掉DB2上的MySQL服务，看是否会切换回DB1.
通过实验发现，在停掉DB2上的MySQL服务后，已经自动切换回DB1上。达到预期目的。
特别提示：当MySQL被关闭时，其所在的主机的keepalived也同时被关闭。但在重新启动MySQL服务时，keepalived不会自动启动，需要手动启动。
10.至此，整个配置过程完毕！